Mental health disorders are a major problem globally, particularly among vulnerable groups such as youth. In resource-limited settings, community health volunteers (CHVs), including youth volunteers, play a crucial role in mental health promotion, stigma reduction, early identification of distress and referral to formal services. However, evidence on training components and delivery strategies of mental health training programmes for youth CHVs remains limited. This systematic review following PRISMA guidelines aims to identify the key components, delivery strategies and reported outcomes of mental health training programmes for youth CHVs, in order to inform future module development to enhance volunteers' motivation, self-efficacy, knowledge and communication skills. English articles published between 2010 and 2024 were searched through PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Eligibility criteria included mental health training interventions for non-professional community volunteers, including youth volunteers with measurable outcomes. Data were extracted and quality assessment performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Seven studies were included in this review. Training content focusing on mental health literacy, building communication and counselling skills, stigma reduction and mental health promotion demonstrated the most significant improvement in CHV's knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy. Programs adapting interactive strategies of role-playing, case studies and group discussion, combined with classroom teaching methods were significantly effective as well. Participants expressed greater confidence in handling mental health disorders within their communities. In conclusion, training programmes that prioritise mental health literacy, stigma reduction, supportive communication, self-care and help-seeking behaviour skill, implemented through interactive delivery methods are the most effective. The findings are essential for the future development of training module for youth CHVs to empower and enhance their capability to deliver effective mental health care within their community. CRD42024562221 (PROSPERO).

This scoping review aimed to map the characteristics of outcomes arising from Community Health Development and Capacity Building in Community Health (CHD/CCH) conducted by public health-related nursing professionals and to identify the types of evidence that inform public health research and practice. Following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, and the Cochrane Library. Eligibility was based on the Population-Concept-Context framework: (a) community-dwelling individuals and communities, (b) CHD/CCH activities involving collaborative engagement with residents and stakeholders, and (c) nursing professionals engaged in public health practice. Quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods studies, and gray literature were included without restrictions on language or publication year. Outcomes were synthesized according to follow-up period (short, mid, long term) and ecological level (micro, meso, macro). Thirty studies published between 1990 and 2024 were included. Of them, 14 used qualitative designs, 13 mixed methods, and 3 quantitative methodologies. Short-term evaluations primarily reported individual and organizational changes, whereas mid- and long-term studies demonstrated more complex, multilevel outcomes such as policy development, strengthened community networks, and enhancements to health and social service systems. Across ecological levels, 14 domains of community capacity were identified. Public health-related nursing practice contributes to multilayered community capacity building through CHD/CCH. However, gaps remain in quantitative evaluation and standardized outcome measures, underscoring the need for methodological advancement to reinforce the evidence base for community development in public health nursing.

A logic model for alternative response programs to guide public health research and practice.

Innovative qualitative methods are important in nursing research for understanding perspectives that are often under-heard, including those of adolescents. This methodological article draws on a focused ethnographic study of 11 urban adolescents aged 12-18 years to examine the use of photo elicitation in nursing research on greenspace, health and place. Using disposable cameras, participant-led photo tasks, semi-structured interviews and integrated visual-verbal analysis, the study explored how photo elicitation supported adolescent engagement while generating insight into how young people perceived and used urban greenspaces. This article discusses the methodological and ethical issues that arose in the study, including camera training, timely return of cameras, assent and parental consent, privacy and image ownership, and the interpretation of photographs alongside interview and fieldnote data. It also reflects on the integration of emic and etic perspectives and on the role of reflexivity in analysing adolescent-generated visual data. Trustworthiness was supported through verbatim transcription, audit trails, NVivo analysis and team triangulation, with analysis informed by the approach of Braun and Clarke (2006) . Photo elicitation supported reflection, participant-led discussion and richer contextual understanding of adolescents' experiences. This article offers practical guidance for nursing researchers using visual methods with adolescents, with an emphasis on study design, ethical planning, and integrated analysis of visual and verbal data. These methodological lessons are relevant to adolescent health, community health and nursing research using participatory qualitative approaches.

Mitigation of COVID-19 through onsite testing and education among formerly incarcerated individuals (the MOSAIC study): an open-label, single-centre, randomised controlled trial.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is an infrequent non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the skin, with mycosis fungoides (MF) as the most common subtype. MF in palms and soles is an exceptionally rare presentation, particularly in pediatric patients. We report a case of a 17-year-old boy presenting with progressive enlargement of his hands and feet with thickening of palms and soles, initially suspected to have acromegaly. Laboratory and imaging workup ruled out endocrine and genetic causes of acromegaly. A skin biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of MF. This case illustrates the diagnostic challenges of pediatric MF, due to both its extreme rarity and potential for overlapping clinical presentation with other systemic conditions. The patient's socioeconomic background and immigration status limited initial access to specialized care, further complicating the evaluation and underscoring the health care barriers for immigrant populations. Community health centers play a crucial role in early diagnosis and care coordination, yet limited access to dermatology services in rural areas remains a significant challenge. Beyond expanding our current understanding of pediatric MF and broadening the differential diagnosis of acral enlargement in adolescents, this case emphasizes the importance of equitable health care access for immigrant patients. The findings highlight the need for increased dermatologic services in community health settings and among underserved populations.

Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities have unique strengths, needs, and health seeking behaviours reflecting their cultural background. Therefore, top-down population-level health promotion initiatives with externally imposed performance indicators are frequently ineffective in CALD contexts. Accordingly, the Healthy New Communities (HNC) program implements an equity-based bottom-up commissioning model aimed at addressing socio-cultural factors impacting health seeking behaviours with people from refugee and migrant backgrounds. In the first phase of a comprehensive evaluation of the HNC program commissioning model, stakeholders involved in the implementation of commissioned activities and programs shared their experiences with this innovative funding model pioneered by the Queensland Health Metro South Hospital and Health Services, Health Equity and Access Team. Their perspectives were gathered in focus groups and interviews and analysed using an inductive approach to thematic analysis. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the HNC program commissioning model in engaging CALD communities in health promotion initiatives. Flexibility, responsiveness, trust, relationships, shared commitments, and cultural representation facilitated community members' participation in the commissioned activities. The impacts of the HNC program commissioning approach extend beyond the adoption of healthy lifestyles and include positive social, emotional, cultural, and physical impacts across a range of life domains and the creation of employment, training, and career pathways. The HNC program demonstrates how socio-cultural determinants of health can be influenced by commissioning models that prioritise community engagement, relationships, co-design, and the culturally shaped health-seeking behaviours of CALD individuals, families, and communities in the funding, design, and implementation of health promotion initiatives. SO WHAT?: Phase one results are promising and lay the foundation for an in-depth investigation of the potential of equity-based commissioning models for improving health and wellbeing outcomes for CALD communities across Queensland and beyond.

Objectives. To examine (1) the strategies regional public behavioral health boards employ to align county-based public social service agencies with private substance use treatment organizations, (2) regional variations in strategies, and (3) factors that affect community-board relationships. Methods. We conducted a multiple case study of 17 Ohio county-based systems implementing a cross-sector model to support parental substance use disorder (Ohio START). We applied template analyses to 48 small group interviews conducted in 2020-2021 with 104 staff from child welfare and behavioral health organizations and community boards. Results. Participants described direct and indirect ways that boards supported system alignment, funding, brokering of information and relationships, and planning. Reasons for boards not being involved included perceived needlessness and a lack of connection between the board and the community. Rural and Appalachian communities reported various forms of close integration of boards and communities. Conclusions. Behavioral health boards can support cross-system integration by reducing barriers to collaboration and enhancing community capacity to address complex public health issues, especially in resource-limited regions. Public Health Implications. Incorporating a centralized organization could mitigate implementation barriers and promote effectiveness in community collaborations, especially under resource constraints. (Am J Public Health. 2026;116(S3): S202-S209. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2026.308579).

In the United States and globally, the negative effects of climate change, such as extremes of heat, wildfire smoke, and air pollution, are associated with early pregnancy loss, preterm birth, preeclampsia, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and stillbirth. Climate change amplifies existing gender-based disparities, which include elevated risks of infectious diseases, malnutrition, sexual violence, mental health disorders, lack of reproductive control, negative obstetric outcomes, and death, when compared with men. These adverse effects disproportionately affect marginalized groups. With the ongoing and increasing threats of climate change and environmental pollutants on human health, it is imperative that obstetrician-gynecologists (ob-gyns) educate not only themselves but students, other health care professionals, their patients, and communities about the adverse effects these threats have on gynecologic and obstetric health. Institutions should encourage the inclusion of climate change education in medical curricula. Ob-gyns should incorporate environmental health education into all prepregnancy counseling visits, with a focus on identifying any potential harmful exposures and determining what mitigation efforts can be initiated before pregnancy.

This study aimed to develop and validate the Community Development Competency Scale (ComDe-Scale) for public health nurses (PHNs) working in Community General Support Centers (CGSCs) in Japan. A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted with all 5495 CGSCs, yielding 1562 valid responses (28.4%). Item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to examine the factor structure, internal consistency, and construct validity. Hypothesis testing included correlations with the Network Establishment Practices Scale (NEPS) and subgroup comparisons by CGSC experience and managerial status. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed using average variance extracted (AVE), composite reliability (CR), and the Fornell-Larcker criterion. Measurement invariance across management types (direct vs. outsourced) was evaluated through multigroup CFA. The ComDe-Scale demonstrated a three-factor, 20-item structure: (1) Strategic Management for Driving Community Health, (2) Empowerment for Interprofessional and Organizational Collaboration, and (3) Community-Rooted Outreach for Building Networks. Model fit indices indicated a good fit (CFI = 0.955, RMSEA = 0.060). Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's α = 0.845-0.946). All hypotheses for construct validity were supported (p < .001). Convergent validity (AVE = 0.569-0.589, CR = 0.842-0.941) and discriminant validity (√AVE > inter-factor correlations) were confirmed. Partial measurement invariance was observed across management types. The ComDe-Scale demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity and can serve as a practical tool for evaluating and strengthening the competencies of PHNs engaged in community development at CGSCs.

Interventions to assess social needs for children with medical complexity and their families: A scoping review.

Let's Talk Birth Control: Study protocol for a cluster randomized trial of a clinic-based contraceptive intervention for adolescents and young adults.

Protocol for the sequential multiple assignment randomized trial to reduce food insecurity and improve adherence in patients with hypertension (SMART-FI).

To investigate associations between prepregnancy cardiometabolic risk factors and early childhood weight status, independent of genetic susceptibility. The ancillary study of the HCHS/SOL (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos) included 227 dyads consisting of Hispanic/Latina mothers who had singleton live births between baseline and visit 2 and their children, aged 3-9 years. Child outcomes included body mass index (BMI) z-scores, and weight status categories. Maternal prepregnancy biomarkers included fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose, insulin, blood pressure, BMI, and waist circumference. Child DNA was used to calculate a polygenic risk score for obesity. Linear and logistic regression models adjusted for confounders and child genetic risk. On average, 10.9 years elapsed between maternal baseline assessment and child anthropometry. At baseline, 4.8% of women reported having diabetes or hypertension, one-third had obesity (BMI 30 or higher), and more than half had elevated waist circumference or low HDL-C. Among children (mean age 7.5 years), 17.2% were categorized as having overweight and 27.8% were categorized as having obesity. Higher maternal BMI, larger waist circumference, and higher fasting insulin and diastolic blood pressure were significantly associated with higher child BMI z-scores. A 1-SD increase in maternal BMI (6.1 units) or waist circumference (13.3 cm) was linked to greater odds of child overweight or obesity. Elevated maternal insulin was associated with having a child with overweight status, and higher diastolic blood pressure with having a child in the obesity category in minimally adjusted models. Prepregnancy cardiometabolic risk factors in Hispanic/Latina women are associated with higher BMI and obesity risk in their children, independent of genetic predisposition. These findings highlight the prepregnancy period as a critical window for interventions to improve intergenerational health outcomes.

This discussion paper recognizes that the Glasgow Consensus Statement is not optimally useful unless it is disseminated widely. Knowledge and use of the consensus statement and its call for centering humanism in healthcare extend to medical and health organizations and groups beyond the International Conference on Communication in Healthcare and Patient Education and Counseling audiences, to professionals and leaders in countries where English is not dominant, to community health advocacy organizations and patients, and the broader world audience. On the backdrop of an understanding of scientific dissemination as an act of 'translation', the paper identifies potential strategies to expand access and issues a call for action to make the recommendations available in different languages, registers, and modalities.

Veterinary service-learning programs can address gaps in access to care while fostering ethical, culturally responsive education. This paper examines 2 long-standing initiatives at the University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, the Northern Community Health Rotation, and the Equine Service-Learning Initiative, which center Indigenous partner communities through sustained, reciprocal engagement and how they relate to principles of veterinary community engagement. Program evaluations demonstrate improved animal health outcomes and transformative, culturally responsive student learning.

Schistosomiasis remains a public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa, affecting over 250 million people. In endemic settings, schistosomiasis transmission is not always understood exclusively in biomedical terms. Community health workers (CHWs) contribute to schistosomiasis control through mass drug administration and health education, yet limited evidence exists on how they understand schistosomiasis transmission. This study explores how CHWs in Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya and Uganda explain schistosomiasis transmission and how these explanations relate to wider disease and training contexts. This paper draws on the CHW component of a larger mixed-methods study conducted in Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya and Uganda, with multiple respondent groups. We present findings from interviews and focus group discussions with CHWs. Data were analysed thematically, at both semantic (descriptive) and latent (interpretive) level, employing Kleinman's framework of explanatory models and Good's work on semantic networks to support interpretation. CHWs expressed multiple understandings of schistosomiasis transmission. Most described schistosomiasis transmission in biomedical terms, often emphasising skin contact with contaminated water. Others combined biomedical terms with locally circulating ideas about disease transmission, linking infection to drinking unsafe water, stepping on faeces, flies or other diseases such as trachoma or diarrhoeal illnesses. These understandings emerged in relation to a complex disease landscape in which signs, symptoms and perceived transmission routes overlapped. They were also situated within uneven training experiences, including irregular refresher sessions, variable access to schistosomiasis-specific training and training focused mainly on treatment campaign logistics. CHWs' varying understandings of schistosomiasis reflect not only individual knowledge but also the broader disease landscape and training contexts in which they work. Strengthening schistosomiasis communication therefore requires attention to how CHWs interpret, adapt and combine disease-specific information with other sources of knowledge, and to how training can better prepare them to navigate similarities and differences between disease-specific messages in everyday practice.

Emesis gravidarum is a common symptom ranging from discomfort to prolonged vomiting, affecting approximately 50-60% of pregnant women. The potential impacts of emesis gravidarum on pregnant women include decreased appetite, which can lead to malnutrition and dehydration, which can be dangerous for both mother and fetus. Data from the Baiturrahman Community Health Center in Banda Aceh City indicates that in 2024, 187 pregnant women (85.7%) experienced emesis gravidarum. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ginger water infusion on the management of emesis gravidarum in the Baiturrahman Community Health Center's working area in Banda Aceh City in 2025. The research method used was a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest approach with a purposive sampling technique with a sample size of 30 pregnant women with emesis gravidarum in the Baiturrahman Community Health Center Work Area, Banda Aceh City. The time of this research was conducted on April 22 to May 8, 2025 with univariate and bivariate analysis with paired t-test. The results showed that before giving ginger, most of them experienced emesis gravidarum in the moderate category, namely 23 people (76.7%), while after giving ginger, most of them experienced emesis gravidarum in the mild category, namely 25 people (83.3%). Before being given ginger water infusion, the average emesis gravidarum score was 8.43, while after being given ginger water infusion, the average score became 4.73 with a decrease of 3.70 and a p-value of 0.000 &lt; 0.05, so there is an effect of giving ginger water infusion on emesis gravidarum. It is hoped that health workers will implement the administration of ginger water as a complementary therapy in treating emesis gravidarum and also provide counseling about the benefits of ginger water for pregnant women.

Informal caregivers' preferences for self-care support services in caring for community-dwelling older adults with disabilities: A discrete choice experiment.

Relative importance of social connectedness indicators for depression and suicidal ideation among urban and rural older adults in South Korea.