Community-based Injury Prevention Research Articles

Analysis of the effect of a community based injury prevention program using synthetic control method

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine how residents’ injury mortality varies depending on the implementation of a community-based injury prevention program with an international safe community model and to analyze the program’s effectiveness. Methods: The study analyzed descriptive statistics and annual variation to understand the targeted regions’ characteristics and applied the synthetic control method (SCM) to determine whether significant changes occurred before and after the region’s designation as International Safe Community. Results: The age-adjusted injury death rate by years and regions fluctuated but often tended to increase for intentional injury, whereas it continually decreased for unintentional injury. Additionally, although the mortality in designated regions tended to be similar to that of the control group before the designation as International Safe Community, the mortality in the former was substantially lower than after the designation. Conclusion: At the community level, It is necessary to continuously plan a project including comprehensive strategies for injury prevention, which match regional characteristics, and to promote a targeted and customized program based on injury mechanisms.

Safe Accidents Risk Assessment of Busan Metropolitan: Comparison the Evaluation of Citizens and Experts

Various accidents, including the 2014 Sewol ferry disaster, and the recent COVID-19 pandemic served as an opportunity to remind our society that we need to respond more actively to safety. The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes community-based injury prevention through the International Safe Community model. The Safe Community approach is a cost-effective and successful way to promote community safety. Busan Metropolitan City started the International Safe Community Program in 2009 to reflect the vulnerabilities and needs of citizens and realize scientific evidence-based stable administration. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively evaluate Busan s international safe community projects over the past 10 years, and to suggest future safety policies and business directions for Busan. We surveyed and compared the safety perceptions, perceptions, international safe community projects and demands for correction targeting Busan citizens and safety experts. It is necessary to reflect the research results in deriving future projects. Based on the findings of the study, it was possible to identify seven suggestions.

Achievements of the International Safe Community Movement in Busan Metropolitan, Republic of Korea

Community-based injury prevention under the International Safe Community model is a cost-effective and successful way to reduce injury and increase safety in communities. Safe community programs are important factors influencing overall health and major public health issues around the world. The purpose of this study is to describe and evaluate outcomes and achievements of the Busan Metropolitan International Safe Community program. For this study, we analyzed all data from 13 administrative agencies from 2009 to 2018 and compared each year of injury statistics with injury indicators including core indicator, supplementary indicators, and optional indicators as central data in order to identify outcomes of the Busan Metropolitan Safe Community program. We also evaluated effectiveness of programs through a statistical testing. The Sustainable Busan Metropolitan City Safety Community Program will contribute to realizing the government's goals for the Busan Metropolitan Safety policies and improving the quality of life for Busan citizens. We ultimately plan to contribute to an establishment of the safety culture targeting the whole citizens of all ages, genders, and social classes.

Indictor 4, Promoting evidence informed community safety promotion

Background: Designing a safety promotion programs that have significant impact on the wellbeing of your community is about finding creative solutions for the tension between visionary dreams and practical, evidence-informed solutions: • Nothing will be achieved unless you have the vision to imagine a better reality for ourselves, our family, our friends and our community • Nothing can be achieved unless you have the pragmatism and commitment to seek out achievable evidence informed effective solutions1. To achieve population level reductions in injury you need to GET REAL! Purpose: The ISCCC commissioned a guideline to assist communities addressing Indicator 4 - Programs that are based on available evidence - in their designation application. Methods: Review of the international literature on translation of research into practice Results: Millions of lives could be saved if we just applied what is already known. This is the business of Indicator 4. Effective public health programs are the logical consequence of sound evidence. To implement an effective community-based safety promotion and injury prevention program three types of experts are required 1. Researchers (experts in what to do) 2. Politicians, administrators and practitioners (experts in how to do it) 3. Members of the target community (experts in what will work for them) four types of knowledge / evidence are required: 1. Evidence from a community’s own research and surveillance systems (Indicator 6) 2. Evidence about common types of injury and their causes 3. Evidence-based practice – evidence about what has been shown to work under research conditions 4. Practice based evidence – evidence about what has been shown to work in real world conditions. Conclusion: Accessing, interpreting and applying sound evidence is critical to the success of a safe community program.

A public health approach to mobilizing community partners for injury prevention: A scoping review.

ObjectivesReducing injuries in adults requires work with diverse stakeholders across many sectors and at multiple levels. At the local level, public health professionals need to effectively bring together, facilitate, and support community partners to initiate evidence-based efforts. However, there has been no formal review of the literature to inform how these professionals can best create action among community partners to address injuries in adults. Thus, this scoping review aims to identify theories, models or frameworks that are applicable to a community-based approach to injury prevention.MethodsSearches of scientific and less formal literature identified 13,756 relevant items published in the English language between 2000 and 2016 in North America, Europe and Australia. After screening and review, 10 publications were included that (1) identified a theory, framework or model related to mobilizing partners; and (2) referred to community-based adult injury preventionResultsFindings show that use of theories, frameworks and models in community-based injury prevention programs is rare and often undocumented. One theory and various conceptual models and frameworks exist for mobilizing partners to jointly prevent injuries; however, there are few evaluations of the processes to create community action.ConclusionsSuccessful community-based injury prevention must build on what is already understood about creating partnership action. Evaluating local public health professional injury prevention practice based on available theories, models and frameworks will identify successes and challenges to inform process improvements. We propose a logic model to more specifically guide and evaluate how public health can work locally with community partners.

Unintentional injury mortality among indigenous communities of Taiwan: trends from 2002 to 2013 and evaluation of a community-based intervention

IntroductionIndigenous communities in Taiwan shoulder a disproportionate burden of unintentional injury fatalities. We compare unintentional injury mortality rate trends among Taiwan’s indigenous communities and the general population from 2002 to...

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Complex, Multi-component, Dynamic, Community-Based Injury Prevention Interventions: A Statistical Framework.

Dynamic violence and injury prevention interventions located within community settings raise evaluation challenges by virtue of their complex structure, focus, and aims. They try to address many risk factors simultaneously, are often overlapped in their implementation, and their implementation may be phased over time. This article proposes a statistical and analytic framework for evaluating the effectiveness of multilevel, multisystem, multi-component, community-driven, dynamic interventions. The proposed framework builds on meta regression methodology and recently proposed approaches for pooling results from multi-component intervention studies. The methodology is applied to the evaluation of the effectiveness of South African community-centered injury prevention and safety promotion interventions. The proposed framework allows for complex interventions to be disaggregated into their constituent parts in order to extract their specific effects. The potential utility of the framework is successfully illustrated using contact crime data from select police stations in Johannesburg. The proposed framework and statistical guidelines proved to be useful to study the effectiveness of complex, dynamic, community-based interventions as a whole and of their components. The framework may help researchers and policy makers to adopt and study a specific methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of complex intervention programs.

Searching for sustainability within public health policy: insights from an injury prevention perspective

Sustaining public health programmes in the long-term is key to ensuring full manifestation of their intended benefits. Although an increasing interest in sustainability is apparent within the global literature, empirical studies from within the European setting are few. The factors that influence sustainability are generally conceptualized at three levels: programme level, the immediate context and the wider environment. To-date attention has focused primarily on the former two. Using a community-based child injury prevention programme in England as an exemplar, this paper explores the concept of sustainability within the wider policy environment, and considers the impact of this on local programmes. A content review of global and UK national public health policies (1981-2014) relevant to child safety was undertaken. Interviews were held with senior representatives of global and UK agencies involved in developing child safety policy. Forty-nine policies were reviewed. The term 'sustain', or its derivatives, featured in 36 (73%) of these. Its' use however, related primarily to conservation of resources rather than continued programme operation. Potential mechanisms for supporting programme sustainability featured within some documents; however, the approach to sustainability was inconsistent between policies and over time. Policy stakeholders identified programme sustainability as relevant to their core business, but its' conceptualization varied according to individual interpretation. Programme sustainability is poorly addressed within global and UK-based public health policy. Strengthening a national and international policy focus on sustainability and incorporating sustainability into public health planning frameworks may create a more supportive environment for local programmes.

Effect of a community-based pedestrian injury prevention program on driver yielding behavior at marked crosswalks

BackgroundFew studies have comprehensively evaluated the effectiveness of multi-faceted interventions intended to improve pedestrian safety. “Watch for Me NC” is a multi-faceted, community-based pedestrian safety program that includes widespread media and public engagement in combination with enhanced law enforcement activities (i.e., police outreach and targeted pedestrian safety operations conducted at marked crosswalks) and low-cost engineering improvements at selected crossings. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of the law enforcement and engineering improvement components of the program on motor vehicle driver behavior, specifically in terms of increased driver yielding to pedestrians in marked crosswalks. MethodsThe study used a pre-post design with a control group, comparing crossing locations receiving enforcement and low-cost engineering treatments (enhanced locations) with locations that did not (standard locations) to examine changes in driver yielding over a 6-month period from 2013 to 2014. A total of 24,941 drivers were observed in 11,817 attempted crossing events at 16 crosswalks in five municipalities that were participating in the program. Observations of real pedestrians attempting to use the crosswalks (“naturalistic” crossing) were supplemented by observations of trained research staff attempting the same crossings following an established protocol (“staged” crossings). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to model driver yielding rates, accounting for repeated observations at the crossing locations and controlling other factors that affect driver behavior in yielding to pedestrians in marked crosswalks. ResultsAt crossings that did not receive enhancements (targeted police operations or low-cost engineering improvements), driver yielding rates did not change from before to after the Watch for Me NC program. However, yielding rates improved significantly (between 4 and 7 percentage points on average) at the enhanced locations. This was true for both naturalistic and staged crossings. ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that enhanced enforcement and low-cost engineering improvements, as a part of a broader program involving community-based outreach, can increase driver yielding to pedestrians in marked crosswalks. These data are important for the staff and decision-makers involved in pedestrian safety programs to gain a better understanding of the different engineering and behavioral mechanisms that could be used to improve driver yielding rates.

Effect of a community-based pedestrian injury prevention program on driver yielding behavior at marked crosswalks

Effect of a community-based pedestrian injury prevention program on driver yielding behavior at marked crosswalks

Application and Developmental Strategies for Community-Based Injury Prevention Programs of the International Safe Communities Movement in Korea.

Safety of humans is an important factor that affects health overall, and injuries are one of the major public-health problems in the world. The purposes of this study were to describe the International safe Community movement which contributes to the injury prevention and safety promotion all over the world, and to identify out the application and developmental strategies for Korea. A review was done of previous research, reviews, and reports on the history, concepts, basic principles, and recommendations for actions of the Safe Community. For this study, the application strategies of the International Safe Community movement in Korea were examined to deduce the strengths of the safe Community program. Community-based injury prevention work according to the International Safe Community model is a successful and cost-effective way of reducing injuries in the community. Through the International Safe Community program, communities are able to realize a healthy community and achieve improved quality of lives for the people, which is the ultimate objective of the Safe Community model. In addition, it will contribute to the economic vitalization and gain through energy and enhancement of productivity of people.

Assessing Community-Based Injury Prevention Services in U.S. Children's Hospitals.

ObjectiveNot-for-profit hospitals are required to meet federal reporting requirements detailing their community benefit activities, which support their tax-exempt status. Children's hospitals have long provided community injury prevention (IP) programming and thus can inform public health outreach work in other areas. This work describes IP programming as a community service offered by children's hospitals in the U.S.MethodsThe IP specialist at 232 US-based member institutions of the Children's Hospital Association were invited to complete an assessment of their hospital's IP outreach programming.Results47.7 percent of hospitals request financial data from IP programming for tax reporting purposes. Almost all offer injury prevention (IP) services; the majority are in the community (60.3%) and 34.5% are hospital-based. Most IP units are independent (60.3%) and 71.8% are responsible for their own budgets.ConclusionsBy integrating dissemination and implementation sciences and community health needs assessments, these findings can help advance community services provided by hospitals to impact public health.

A systematic review on the effectiveness of school and community-based injury prevention programmes on risk behaviour and injury risk in 8–12 year old children

To review existing literature on the effectiveness of community-based and school-based physical activity related injury prevention programmes implemented to increase safety behaviour and decrease injury risk in 8-12 year old children, considering the methodological quality of the studies. A systematic review with quality assessment. A systematic search was performed using the CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed and Sportdiscus databases. Inclusion criteria included the following: children aged 8-12 years; school- or community-based injury prevention programmes; an outcome defined as number of injuries, injury incidence or safety behaviour; published in an English language journal. Methodological quality was assessed for all included studies. The search yielded 5377 records, of which 11 were included in the review; four studies were considered as being of high quality. The focus of studies that were included was on the use of safety devices (8), pedestrian safety (2) and physical activity-related injury prevention (1). For safety device use, short term effects of school- and community-based interventions are promising for 8-12 year olds. Results regarding sustainability of the effect are inconsistent. A mediating effect on the distribution of safety devices was observed. Both financial and non-financial barriers seemed to prevent participants from purchasing a safety device. The short term effects for school- and community-based interventions using safety devices for 8-12 year olds are promising. More high quality research is, however warranted, preferably shifting focus from safety behaviour change to actual physical activity injury reduction.

Childhood injury prevention through community-based participatory research: a multidimensional approach in the love and safety Omura study in Nagasaki, Japan

BackgroundIn Japan the leading cause of death of 1–19 years is unintentional injuries. However, people's awareness of the issue and its preventability remain low.PurposeTo implement a community-based injury prevention programme...

STISS—the Styrian injury surveillance system- a hospital database on injuries to support safe community work

BackgroundA vital condition for the recommendation of rules for efficient accident prevention is an exact analysis of the circumstances in order to be able to identify the parameters involved. Only...

Motala Municipality – a sustainable Safe Community in Sweden

An extensive research project concerning injury prevention was planned and initiated in Motala Municipality in the early 1980s. This article summarises 25 years of work for injury prevention and safety promotion in Motala. Evaluation of both process and effect were conducted based on a quasi-experimental study design, as well as cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses of interventions. Initial evaluations results showed an annual incidence of injuries of 118.9/1000 citizens in 1983/1984 consisting of injuries at home (35%), sports injuries (18.9%), injuries at work (13.7%), traffic-related injuries (12.8%) and other injuries (19.5%). The annual social economic costs of injuries were estimated at 116 million Swedish crowns (SEK). By 1989, after two years of preventive work, the incidence of injuries was reduced by 13%. The greatest decrease was among the moderate severity category of injuries (41%). The social economic costs were thereby reduced by 21 million SEK per year. Since then, work with injury prevention has continued and annual evaluations have shown that the incidence of injuries, with some fluctuation, has continued to decrease up to the latest evaluation in 2008. The total decrease during the study period was 37%. This study shows that community-based injury prevention work according to the Safe Community model is a successful and cost-effective way of reducing injuries in the local community.

Ontario first nations environmental scan on injuries and injury prevention

BackgroundInjuries are the leading cause of death among First Nations in Canada from 1 to 44 years, Health Canada 2001. The Ontario First Nation population was 175 178 within 133...

The Harstad injury prevention study: prevention of burns in children evaluated after over two decades of community-based intervention in Norway

ObjectiveTo report the long-term effectiveness of a community-based burn prevention program for children under the age of 5. The outcome is reported in terms of changes in burn injury rates/severity...

Using logic models in a community-based agricultural injury prevention project.

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has long promoted the logic model as a useful tool in an evaluator's portfolio. Because a logic model supports a systematic approach to designing interventions, it is equally useful for program planners. Undertaken with community stakeholders, a logic model process articulates the underlying foundations of a particular programmatic effort and enhances program design and evaluation. Most often presented as sequenced diagrams or flow charts, logic models demonstrate relationships among the following components: statement of a problem, various causal and mitigating factors related to that problem, available resources to address the problem, theoretical foundations of the selected intervention, intervention goals and planned activities, and anticipated short- and long-term outcomes. This article describes a case example of how a logic model process was used to help community stakeholders on the Navajo Nation conceive, design, implement, and evaluate agricultural injury prevention projects.

Injury surveillance: unrealistic expectations of safe communities

Designation as a World Health Organization (WHO) Safe Community (SC) is based on local capacity to meet six criteria. Criterion 4 states that communities must have: “Programmes that document the...