Communication Capabilities Research Articles

Research on the Messenger UAV Mission Planning Based on Sampling Transformation Algorithm

In recent years, there has been a significant development in unmanned platform technologies, specifically unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). As a result, their application scenarios have expanded considerably. Unmanned platforms are considered integral components of the Internet of Things system. However, certain challenges arise when dealing with specialized tasks, such as navigating complex urban low-altitude terrain with multiple obstacles and limited communication capabilities. These challenges can greatly impact the efficiency of the system due to information isolation. To address this issue, a messenger drone mechanism is introduced in this paper, which utilizes air superiority to facilitate indirect communication between unmanned platforms. Additionally, a task sequence planning algorithm based on sampling transformation is designed. This algorithm efficiently assigns the drone to mobile UGVs by discretely sampling their paths and considering the UAV-UGV motion relationship. By transforming the problem into an asymmetric traveler problem, it allows for a fast solution. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified through comparative analysis in different scenarios.

Game Theoretic Approaches to Modelling Cooperative and Competitive Dynamics for Enhanced Routing and Resource Allocation

The goal of the field of game theory is to simulate scenarios in which decision-makers must choose between courses of action that may or may not conflict and in which the choices made by one element may affect the choices made by other elements. Techniques from game theory have been widely used to solve a variety of engineering design issues. Game theory may be applied to wireless networks to create cooperative strategies between nodes, terminals and network providers, among other organizations. The majority of the time, game theory has been used in networking to address routing and resource allocation issues in competitive settings. Because radio communication channels are typically shared in wireless networks, the actions of one wireless device may have an impact on the communication capabilities of a neighboring device. Game theory may be used to simulate situations such as these. A multi-layered viewpoint is presented in Applications of Game Theory in Wireless Networking, highlighting the domains in which game theory might find practical application. This explains how different wireless network interactions may be represented as games and how game-theoretical methods can accurately mimic or forecast genuine user behavior in cooperative or competitive settings. Because of these similarities, it is possible to grasp the intricate relationships between nodes in this highly dynamic and dispersed environment by using a strong mapping between classical game theory components and network parts

Deployment Method for Aircraft-Based Maritime Emergency Communication Resource Reserve Bases

Maritime emergency communication facilities play a crucial role in establishing communication links between land and sea, serving as essential communication means for maintaining maritime safety, disaster response, and emergency rescue operations. With the increasing frequency of marine activities, the rapid response capability of maritime emergency communication is becoming increasingly critical. With their characteristics of high-speed mobility, broad coverage and flexibility, aircraft serve as carriers for emergency communication facilities. The selection of aircraft bases is paramount in meeting the requirement of rapid response for maritime emergency communication. In this paper, we present a multi-objective optimization model for site selection by considering the coverage capabilities of different carriers. The model incorporates hierarchical coverage of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and helicopters with a genetic algorithm. Through a case study of the Bohai Sea, this paper verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the model.

Design and Modeling of a Terahertz Transceiver for Intra- and Inter-Chip Communications in Wireless Network-on-Chip Architectures.

This paper addresses the increasing demand for computing power and the challenges associated with adding more core units to a computer processor. It explores the utilization of System-on-Chip (SoC) technology, which integrates Terahertz (THz) wave communication capabilities for intra- and inter-chip communication, using the concept of Wireless Network-on-Chips (WNoCs). Various types of network topologies are discussed, along with the disadvantages of wired networks. We explore the idea of applying wireless connections among cores and across the chip. Additionally, we describe the WNoC architecture, the flip-chip package, and the THz antenna. Electromagnetic fields are analyzed using a full-wave simulation software, Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The simulation is conducted with dipole and zigzag antennas communicating within the chip at resonant frequencies of 446 GHz and 462.5 GHz, with transmission coefficients of around -28 dB and -33 to -41 dB, respectively. Transmission coefficient characterization, path loss analysis, a study of electric field distribution, and a basic link budget for transmission are provided. Furthermore, the feasibility of calculated transmission power is validated in cases of high insertion loss, ensuring that the achieved energy expenditure is less than 1 pJ/bit. Finally, employing a similar setup, we study intra-chip communication using the same antennas. Simulation results indicate that the zigzag antenna exhibits a higher electric field magnitude compared with the dipole antenna across the simulated chip structure. We conclude that transmission occurs through reflection from the ground plane of a printed circuit board (PCB), as evidenced by the electric field distribution.

Wildfire Evacuation Challenges in Multi-ethnic Communities: An Information Communication Perspective

The areas with high wildfire risk of wildfire are inhabited by multiple ethnic groups in China. In the event of a wildfire, there are many challenges for the government to release evacuation information to residents in multi-ethnic communities. Based on the Shannon-Weaver model of communication, a whole-process communication model of evacuation information is constructed to reflect the challenges during the whole process, including the dynamic variability, regional difference and cross-language expression of evacuation information at the stage of information generation, the inadequate communication capability of information carriers and instability of communication infrastructures at the stage of information transmission, and comprehension impairment and irrational perception at the stage of information perception. In response to these challenges, the authors also make some suggestions from the intelligent information technology, crisis response system and offline communication channels.

Classification of Rainfall Intensity and Cloud Type from Dash Cam Images Using Feature Removal by Masking

Weather Report is an initiative from Weathernews Inc. to obtain sky images and current weather conditions from the users of its weather app. This approach can provide supplementary weather information to radar observations and can potentially improve the accuracy of forecasts However, since the time and location of the contributed images are limited, gathering data from different sources is also necessary. This study proposes a system that automatically submits weather reports using a dash cam with communication capabilities and image recognition technology. This system aims to provide detailed weather information by classifying rainfall intensities and cloud formations from images captured via dash cams. In models for fine-grained image classification tasks, there are very subtle differences between some classes and only a few samples per class. Therefore, they tend to include irrelevant details, such as the background, during training, leading to bias. One solution is to remove useless features from images by masking them using semantic segmentation, and then train each masked dataset using EfficientNet, evaluating the resulting accuracy. In the classification of rainfall intensity, the model utilizing the features of the entire image achieved up to 92.61% accuracy, which is 2.84% higher compared to the model trained specifically on road features. This outcome suggests the significance of considering information from the whole image to determine rainfall intensity. Furthermore, analysis using the Grad-CAM visualization technique revealed that classifiers trained on masked dash cam images particularly focused on car headlights when classifying the rainfall intensity. For cloud type classification, the model focusing solely on the sky region attained an accuracy of 68.61%, which is 3.16% higher than that of the model trained on the entire image. This indicates that concentrating on the features of clouds and the sky enables more accurate classification and that eliminating irrelevant areas reduces misclassifications.

B2B Marketing Communication Strategies In Increasing Sales: A Systematic Literature Review

This research is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that adopts PRISMA (Preferred Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) to investigate business-to-business (B2B) marketing communication strategies in increasing sales. Data were obtained from Scopus, Emerald, Wiley, Taylor and Francis. A total of 96 journals were initially identified, but through the application of strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, the number was reduced to 10 journals that served as the focus of the comprehensive review. The results show that B2B marketing through social media is becoming an integral and connected part of organisations, as it not only helps during the sales process but also during the buying process. Social media has the potential to assist B2B organisations in improving their communication capabilities by facilitating knowledge promotion and encouraging engagement through advanced technology.

Cooperative Adaptive Fuzzy Control for the Synchronization of Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems under Input Saturation

This research explores the synchronization issue of leader–follower systems with multiple nonlinear agents, which operate under input saturation constraints. Each follower operates under a spectrum of unknown dynamic nonlinear systems with non-strict feedback. Additionally, due to the fact that the agents may be geographically dispersed or have different communication capabilities, only a subset of followers has direct communication with the leader. Compared to linear systems, nonlinear systems can provide a more detailed description of real-world physical models. However, input saturation is present in most real systems, due to various factors such as limited system energy and the physical constraints of the actuators. An auxiliary system of Nth order is introduced to counteract the impact of input saturation, which is then employed to create a collaborative controller. Due to the powerful capability of fuzzy logic systems in simulating complex nonlinear relationships, they are deployed to approximate the enigmatic nonlinear functions intrinsic to the systems. A distributed adaptive fuzzy state feedback controller is designed by approximating the derivative of the virtual controller by filters. The proposed controller ensures the synchronization of all follower outputs with the leader output in the communication graph. It is shown that all signals in the closed-loop system are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the tracking errors converge to a small neighborhood around the origin. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Integrated Communication, Sensing, and Computation Framework for 6G Networks.

In the sixth generation (6G) era, intelligent machine network (IMN) applications, such as intelligent transportation, require collaborative machines with communication, sensing, and computation (CSC) capabilities. This article proposes an integrated communication, sensing, and computation (ICSAC) framework for 6G to achieve the reciprocity among CSC functions to enhance the reliability and latency of communication, accuracy and timeliness of sensing information acquisition, and privacy and security of computing to realize the IMN applications. Specifically, the sensing and communication functions can merge into unified platforms using the same transmit signals, and the acquired real-time sensing information can be exploited as prior information for intelligent algorithms to enhance the performance of communication networks. This is called the computing-empowered integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) reciprocity. Such reciprocity can further improve the performance of distributed computation with the assistance of networked sensing capability, which is named the sensing-empowered integrated communications and computation (ICAC) reciprocity. The above ISAC and ICAC reciprocities can enhance each other iteratively and finally lead to the ICSAC reciprocity. To achieve these reciprocities, we explore the potential enabling technologies for the ICSAC framework. Finally, we present the evaluation results of crucial enabling technologies to show the feasibility of the ICSAC framework.

Designing Cost-Effective SMS based Irrigation System using GSM Module

This paper describes the development and application of an SMS-based, affordable, and easily understandable irrigation control system for agricultural purposes. The system leverages the processing power of a Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller and the remote communication capabilities of a GSM module to create a robust and versatile solution. By incorporating a suite of sensors for soil moisture, temperature, and humidity, the system automates irrigation cycles based on user-defined thresholds and real-time sensor data. This data-driven approach ensures optimal water usage, minimizing labor requirements and promoting sustainable farming practices by reducing water waste. Additionally, the system transmits SMS alerts for critical situations such as high temperature, low moisture, or pump malfunctions, enabling timely intervention to prevent crop stress or equipment failure. Users can remotely control the pump and receive status updates through SMS commands, providing a convenient interface for managing irrigation tasks from anywhere with cellular reception. This innovative system contributes to the field of smart agriculture by demonstrating how readily available technology can be effectively used to improve water management efficiency, minimize labor requirements, and ultimately increase agricultural productivity.

Measuring Health: Wearables in Fitness Tracking, Stress Relief, and Sleep Management

Introduction In today's fast-paced world, the quest for better health has led to the rise of wearable devices. These innovative tools, from smartwatches to activity trackers, offer real-time insights into our physical activity, stress levels, and sleep patterns. By seamlessly integrating into our daily lives, wearables empower individuals to take control of their health and well-being like never before. Aim of the study The present review aims to provide the readers with a broader knowledge of the impact of wearables on health. Materials and methods This article provides a foundation for understanding the significance and potential of wearable devices in promoting health and wellness. Comprehensive literature searches were performed across the main electronic databases of PubMed and Google Scholar for studies published in the English language about use and validation of wearables. Results Wearable devices are effective tools in promoting physical activity, managing stress, and monitoring sleep. With advanced sensors and algorithms, these devices enable users to track their health progress in real-time and provide personalized strategies for improvement. By combining fitness tracking, communication, and stress management capabilities, these devices possess the capacity to empower individuals in maintaining a healthy lifestyle and have become a potential option at the point where technology and personal health meet. As a result, wearable devices have tremendous potential to transform healthcare and enhance quality of life.

Unleashing Innovation in Electrical and Electronic Engineering: The Role of New Technology in Driving Progress

This research paper explores the dynamic landscape of electrical and electronic engineering, focusing on the pivotal role of new technologies in driving progress and innovation. The study conducts a comprehensive review of recent technological innovations, with a particular emphasis on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), the pervasive influence of the Internet of Things (IoT), and the transformative capabilities of 5G technology. Through a meticulous evaluation, the paper underscores the profound impact of these innovations on the field, emphasizing their contributions to enhanced efficiency, reliability, and communication capabilities within electrical and electronic systems. The implications for the future are discussed in the context of fostering continued innovation. Recommendations are presented to address the challenges and opportunities posed by these advancements. Key suggestions include investing in research and development, promoting collaboration through industry-academia partnerships, and encouraging interdisciplinary research to address complex challenges. The paper concludes by envisioning a future where electrical and electronic engineering, propelled by ongoing innovation and collaboration, plays a central role in addressing global challenges and driving societal advancements.

High-performance photodetection based on black arsenic utilizing the photoconductive effect

Two-dimensional materials have gained considerable attention owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. Among these, black phosphorus (BP) stands out for its tunable bandgap and high carrier mobility. However, its application is limited by its instability in the ambient condition. The emergence of black arsenic (b-As), which offers good environmental stability, is a promising 2D material candidate for black phosphorus, exhibiting tremendous potential in optoelectronic properties. Here, we demonstrate a high-performance b-As photodetector based on the dominance of the photoconductive effect, achieving a broadband spectral range from 520 nm to 1550 nm. This self-powered photodetector exhibits a rapid photoresponse speed, with impressive rise and fall times of 118 μs and 115 μs, respectively. Furthermore, characterized by a high responsivity of 1.826 A·W−1 and outstanding external quantum efficiency of 436%, the photodetector demonstrates its potential in IR optical communication and imaging capability. Our study introduces a novel photodetector material with broadband detection, fast photoresponse, high responsivity, and versatility, thereby providing a competitive alternative for the development of advanced optoelectronic devices.

Soft mechanical sensors for wearable and implantable applications.

Wearable and implantable sensing of biomechanical signals such as pressure, strain, shear, and vibration can enable a multitude of human-integrated applications, including on-skin monitoring of vital signs, motion tracking, monitoring of internal organ condition, restoration of lost/impaired mechanoreception, among many others. The mechanical conformability of such sensors to the human skin and tissue is critical to enhancing their biocompatibility and sensing accuracy. As such, in the recent decade, significant efforts have been made in the development of soft mechanical sensors. To satisfy the requirements of different wearable and implantable applications, such sensors have been imparted with various additional properties to make them better suited for the varied contexts of human-integrated applications. In this review, focusing on the four major types of soft mechanical sensors for pressure, strain, shear, and vibration, we discussed the recent material and device design innovations for achieving several important properties, including flexibility and stretchability, bioresorbability and biodegradability, self-healing properties, breathability, transparency, wireless communication capabilities, and high-density integration. We then went on to discuss the current research state of the use of such novel soft mechanical sensors in wearable and implantable applications, based on which future research needs were further discussed. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants.

ZnAl-LDH film for self-powered ultraviolet photodetection

Self-powered photoelectrochemical-type (PEC) ultraviolet photodetectors (UV PDs) have been rapidly developed owing to their low-cost fabrication and good photodetection. However, achieving high-performance and self-powered PEC UV PDs based on an individual material is still challenging. Therefore, developing more wide bandgap semiconductors for high-performance PEC UV PDs is attractive. Here, we demonstrate that ZnAl-LDH is suitable for self-powered PEC UV PDs with high responsivity and excellent wavelength selectivity for the first time. The responsivity is 29.25 ​mA/W (254 ​nm irradiation) and the UV/visible rejection ratio is 1037, surpassing most PEC UV PDs. Furthermore, the PEC UV PDs have fast response, good stability, and underwater optical communication capability. This work offers more chances for the development of high-performance PEC UV PDs and demonstrates the potential application of ZnAl-LDH in underwater optoelectronic devices.

IoT Based Air Pollution Monitoring System

Abstract: In light of the growing concern for air quality and its impact on public health, there is an increasing demand for air pollution monitoring systems that are both effective and efficient. This article introduces an IoT-based Air Pollution Detection System that utilizes the power of Internet of Things (IoT) technology to provide real-time monitoring and analysis of air quality parameters. The system incorporates a network of advanced air quality sensors that can measure particulate matter (PM) concentrations, as well as various gas levels such as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3). These sensors are integrated with a microcontroller that enables data processing and communication capabilities.

Research on high precision time-frequency transmission under low available bandwidth based on free space optical communication with special beam

As a powerful supplement to the wireless communication, free space optical (FSO) communication has many advantages, but the high-precision time-frequency transmission based on FSO communication is limited by complex equipment factors, especially under the condition of limited communication bandwidth. In this paper, a high-precision frequency transfer system based on a tunable optical field is established. Theoretical analysis yields the detection probability and intensity distribution of Bessel beams. In experiments, Bessel beams generated through optical field modulation exhibit enhanced laser data communication capabilities, achieving high-precision frequency transfer at 2e-12@1s, 3.3e-14@1000s,. This research introduces a novel approach for designing and optimizing frequency transfer methods between smaller platforms in the future.

Comprehensive Study and Review Various Routing Protocols in MANET

Mobile Ad-hoc networks are composed of various interconnections among large number of nodes deployed for monitoring the system by means of measurement of its parameters. Recent research in wireless sensor networks has led to various new protocols which are particularly designed for routing in MANETs. To design these networks, the factors needed to be considered are the coverage area, mobility, power consumption, communication capabilities etc. These papers discuss characteristics and performance of AODV, DSR, GRP, OLSR and TORA routing protocol. The paper attempts to explores the best suited routing protocol in various conditions and environments.

Blockchain-based secure communication of internet of things in space–air–ground integrated network

Under the Internet of Things (IoT) era, the cooperation of multiple service providers has facilitated the development of large-scale distributed IoT with a strong demand for reliable and real-time communications. The Space–Air–Ground Integration Network (SAGIN) can be seen as an extension of the traditional terrestrial network with open and ubiquitous connectivity that can be used to support the future IoT in the 6G era. However, the deployment of SAGIN is fraught with numerous challenges, particularly in terms of security. As an emerging technology, blockchain has received academic attention in mitigating the trust problem of SAGIN communication systems. In this paper, we introduce a decentralized data transmission framework that combines the characteristics of SAGIN and blockchain. This framework leverages the increasing computational and communication capabilities of low Earth orbit satellites. Subsequently, we provide an overview of the three-layer structure of this framework and detail the four working steps of the transmission mechanism. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme has excellent performance in terms of latency and throughput while ensuring the security of data transmission.

Two-dimensional CuSe nanosheet array for high-performance photoelectrochemical photodetector using simulated seawater as electrolyte

Photoelectrochemical-type (PEC) photodetectors (PDs) show great promise in underwater optoelectronic devices, but most reports of PEC PDs use acid or basic solutions as electrolytes, hindering their practical application in marine scenarios. In this letter, we reported high-performance 2D CuSe-based PEC PDs with use of the electrolyte of simulated seawater for the first time. The 2D CuSe nanosheet array (NSA) is synthesized by a facile electrodeposition method. The PEC PDs based on 2D CuSe NAS has a superior responsivity of 9.5 mA/W for 455 nm light in the simulated seawater, and exhibits a broadband photoresponse in 365–850 nm, surpassing most TMCs-based PEC PDs. The superior photoresponse originates from the vertical NSA structure, providing more interfacial active sites and higher light absorption. In addition, 2D CuSe NSA-based PEC PDs possess self-powered ability, fast response speed, good stability, and underwater optical communication capability. This work demonstrates the great potential of 2D CuSe NSA in PEC-type optoelectronic devices.