Common Response Research Articles

Objectionable Commemorations: Ethical and Political Issues

AbstractThe term, "objectionable commemorations”, refers to a broad category of public artefacts – such as, and especially, memorials, monuments and statues – that are regarded as morally problematic in virtue of what or whom they honour. In this regard, they are a special class of public artefacts that are subject to public contestation. In this paper, we survey the general ethical and political issues on this topic. First, we categorise the arguments on offer in the literature, concerning the objectionable nature of such commemorations. Second, we review common political responses to objectionable commemorations. Finally, we identify fruitful areas for further philosophical inquiry on this topic.

Abstract A024: Ploidy as a predictive biomarker for gemcitabine sensitivity in triple-negative breast cancers

Abstract The polyploid giant cancer cell (PGCC) state is a common response of cancer cells to various stressors including chemotherapy, irradiation, hypoxia and viral infection. Upon stress, PGCCs adopt an endoreplication in which the genome replicates, mitosis is omitted, and cells grow in size, causing drug resistance. How accessible endoreplication is to a cell, therefore, directly translates to its resistance to therapy. In this study, we hypothesized that endoreplication and PGCC state are more accessible to cancer cells that already have a higher ploidy content prior to therapy. To test this hypothesis, we developed a comprehensive three-tier framework consisting of i) computational, ii) in-vitro and iii) in silico components. First, we designed a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to mathematically model how cells enter and exit the PGCC state in response to a given stressor. We engineered how this in silico approach interacts with in vitro experiments into a broadly applicable software solution called CLONEID. The software uses computer vision to monitor phenotypic changes in cell and nuclear size from standard bright-field microscopy and classify cells into PGCC and non-PGCC states. We used CLONEID to test various therapeutic agents for their ability to select for a stable near-tetraploid (4N) population in a set of near-diploid (2N) cell lines. Through spontaneous cell fusions, we also obtained tetraploid breast cancer cells matched with their parental lines. Altogether, this framework enabled us to i) monitor the PGCC state experimentally in ii) two sets of matched isogenic cell lines with 2N and 4N DNA content to iii) model the successful entry and exit rates to and from the endoreplication state, respectively. As the first application of this framework, we tested the ability of our 2N and 4N TNBC lines (SUM159 and MDA-MB-231) to access the PGCC state upon treatment with 18 chemotherapy agents. Among those drugs, we observed that only gemcitabine caused continued cell growth without cell division in both tetraploid SUM159 and MDA-MB-231 cells whereas near-diploid parental lines were hypersensitive to the treatment. Consequently, tetraploid cancer cells continued to safely grow in the presence of gemcitabine. Furthermore, these PGCCs re-entered the proliferative cell cycle and grew in cell number when treatment is terminated. Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is a standard treatment for patients with TNBC although its efficacy is limited mainly due to drug resistance. We expect our findings and three-component framework strategy to help stratify the TNBC patient population by their response to gemcitabine. In addition, our mathematical modelling approach has the promising potential to inform personalized dose optimization and to effectively decrease administered gemcitabine dose for a subset of patients, which would alleviate severe therapy-associated side effects and co-morbidities. Citation Format: Vural Tagal, Jackson Cole, Daria Miroshnychenko, Andriy Marusyk, Noemi Andor. Ploidy as a predictive biomarker for gemcitabine sensitivity in triple-negative breast cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Translating Cancer Evolution and Data Science: The Next Frontier; 2023 Dec 3-6; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(3 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A024.

Mediating Role of Rumination in Second Victim Experience to Turnover Intention in Psychiatric Nurses.

Psychiatric nurses often face patient safety incidents that can cause physical and emotional harm, even leading to s econd victim syndrome and staff shortages. Rumination-a common response after nurses suffer a patient safety event-may play a specific role between the second victim experience and turnover intention. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for supporting psychiatric nurses and retaining psychiatric nursing resources. The study aimed to explore the associations among second victim experience, rumination, and turnover intention in psychiatric nurses and confirm how second victim experience influences turnover intention through rumination and its subtypes. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was adapted to survey 252 psychiatric nurses who experienced a patient safety incident at three hospitals in China between March and April 2023. We used the Sociodemographic and Patient Safety Incident Characteristics Questionnaire (the Chinese version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool), the Event-Related Rumination Inventory, and the Turnover Intention Scale. Path analysis with bootstrapping was employed to accurately analyze and estimate relationships among the study variables. There was a positive association between second victim experience and turnover intention. In addition, both invasive and deliberate rumination showed significant associations with second victim experience and turnover intention. Notably, our results revealed that invasive and deliberate rumination played partial mediating roles in the relationship between second victim experience and turnover intention in psychiatric nurses. The negative experience and turnover intention of the psychiatric nurse second victims are at a high level. Our results showed that invasive rumination positively mediated the relationship between second victim experience and turnover intention, and deliberate rumination could weaken this effect. This study expands the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the effect of the second victim experience on turnover intention. Organizations must attach importance to the professional dilemmas of the psychiatric nurses' second victims. Nurse managers can reduce nurses' turnover intention by taking measures to reduce invasive rumination and fostering deliberate meditation to help second victims recover from negative experiences.

Young and old persons' subjective feelings when facing with a non-human computer-graphics-based agent's emotional responses in consideration of differences in emotion perception

Virtual agents (computer-graphics-based agents) have been developed for many purposes such as supporting the social life, mental care, education, and entertainment of both young and old people individuals. Promoting affective communication between young/old users and agents requires clarifying subjective feelings induced by an agent's expressions. However, an emotional response model of agents to induce positive feelings has not been fully understood due to differences in emotion perception between young and old adults. We investigated subjective feelings induced when facing with a non-human computer-graphics-based agent's emotional responses in consideration of differences of emotion perception between young adults and old adults. To emphasize the differences in emotion perception, the agent's expressions were developed by adopting exaggerated human expressions. The differences in their emotion perception of happy, sadness, and angry between young and old participants were then identified through a preliminary experiment. Considering the differences in emotion perception, induced feelings when facing with the agent's expressions were analyzed from the three types of emotion sources of the participant, agent, and other, which was defined as subject and responsibility of induced emotion. The subjective feelings were evaluated using a subjective rating task with 139 young and 211 old participants. The response of the agent that most induced positive feelings was happy when participants felt happy, and that was sad when participants felt sad, regardless emotion sources in both young and old groups. The response that most induced positive feelings was sad when participants felt angry and emotion sources were participant and the agent, and that was angry when the emotion source was other. The emotion types of the response to induce most positive feelings were the same between the young and old participants, and the way to induce most positive feelings was not always to mimic the emotional expressions, which is a typical tendency of human responses. These findings suggest that a common agent response model can be developed for young and old people by combining an emotional mimicry model with a response model to induce positive feelings in users and promote natural and affective communication, considering age characteristics of emotion perception.

Distinct toxic effects, gene expression profiles, and phytohormone responses of Polygonatum cyrtonema exposed to two different antibiotics

The excessive usage of veterinary antibiotics has raised significant concerns regarding their environmental hazard and agricultural impact when entering surface water and soil. Animal waste serves as a primary source of organic fertilizer for intensive large-scale agricultural cultivation, including the widely utilized medicinal and edible plant, Polygonatum cyrtonem. In this study, we employed a novel plant stress tissue culture technology to investigate the toxic effects of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) on P. cyrtonema. TCH and SDZ exhibited varying degrees of influence on plant growth, photosynthesis, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system. Flavonoid levels increased following exposure to TCH and SDZ. The biosynthesis and signaling pathways of the growth hormones auxin and gibberellic acid were suppressed by both antibiotics, while the salicylic acid-mediated plant stress response was specifically induced in the case of SDZ. Overall, the study unveiled both common and unique responses at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels in P. cyrtonema following exposure to two distinct types of antibiotics, providing a foundational framework for comprehensively elucidating the precise toxic effects of antibiotics and the versatile adaptive mechanisms in plants.

It was a Different Time: Judging Historical Figures by Today's Moral Standards

ABSTRACTHow should we respond to historical figures who played an important role in their country's history but have also perpetrated acts of great evil? Much of the existing philosophical literature on this topic has focused on explaining why it may be wrong to celebrate such figures. However, a common response that is made in popular discussions around these issues is that we should not judge historical figures by today's standards. Our goal in this article is to examine the most plausible way to understand this objection. We will examine three different interpretations of this argument. First, we will examine a view we call Temporal Moral Relativism, according to which moral standards are relative to particular points in time. Next, we outline Blame Relativism, the view that people from the past may be excused from blame for acts of conventionalised wrongdoing. Finally, we outline Ideals Relativism, according to which our moral ideals are partially relative to the time in which we live. We argue that Ideals Relativism provides the most plausible interpretation of this argument.

Systemic Immune Modulation by Gastrointestinal Nematodes.

Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection has applied significant evolutionary pressure to the mammalian immune system and remains a global economic and human health burden. Upon infection, type 2 immune sentinels activate a common antihelminth response that mobilizes and remodels the intestinal tissue for effector function; however, there is growing appreciation of the impact GIN infection also has on the distal tissue immune state. Indeed, this effect is observed even in tissues through which GINs never transit. This review highlights how GIN infection modulates systemic immunity through (a) induction of host resistance and tolerance responses, (b) secretion of immunomodulatory products, and (c) interaction with the intestinal microbiome. It also discusses the direct consequences that changes to distal tissue immunity can have for concurrent and subsequent infection, chronic noncommunicable diseases, and vaccination efficacy. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 42 is April 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Hyperthermia-induced changes in leukocyte survival and phagocytosis: a comparative study in bovine and buffalo leukocytes.

Heat stress negatively affects health, welfare, and livestock productivity by impairing immune function, increasing disease incidence. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in understanding the immune system of water buffalo due to the growing economic impact of this species for the high quality and nutritional value of buffalo milk. While there are common responses across bovine and buffalo species, there are also some species-specific variations in the physiological responses to heat stress, mainly attributed to differences in metabolism and heat dissipation efficiency. At cellular level, the exposure to thermal stress induces several anomalies in cell functions. However, there is limited knowledge about the differential response of bovine and buffalo leucocytes to early and late exposure to different degrees of thermal exposure. The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro effect of hyperthermia on apoptosis and phagocytosis in leukocytes from bovine and buffalo species. For this, whole blood samples of six bovines and nine buffaloes were incubated at 39°C (mimicking normothermia condition) or 41°C (mimicking heat stress condition) for 1, 2, and 4 h. Two flow cytometric assays were then performed to evaluate apoptosis and determine functional capacity of phagocytic cells (neutrophils and monocytes). The results showed that the viability of bovine and buffalo leukocytes was differently affected by temperature and time of in vitro exposure. A higher percentage of apoptotic leukocytes was observed in bovines than in buffaloes at 39°C (3.19 vs. 1.51, p < 0.05) and 41°C (4.01 vs. 1.69, p < 0.05) and for all incubation time points (p < 0.05). In contrast, no difference was observed in the fraction of necrotic leukocytes between the two species. In both species, lymphocytes showed the highest sensitivity to hyperthermia, showing an increased apoptosis rates along with increased incubation time. In bovine, apoptotic lymphocytes increased from 5.79 to 12.7% at 39°C (p < 0.05), in buffalo, this population increased from 1.50 to 3.57% at 39°C and from 2.90 to 4.99% at 41°C (p < 0.05). Although no significant differences were found between the two species regarding the percentage of phagocytic neutrophils, lower phagocytosis capacity values (MFI, mean fluorescence intensity) were found in bovines compared with buffaloes at 41°C (27960.72 vs. 53676.45, p > 0.05). However, for monocytes, the differences between species were significant for both phagocytosis activity and capacity with lower percentages of bovine phagocytic monocytes after 2 h at 39°C and after 1 h at 41°C. The bovine monocytes showed lower MFI values for all temperature and time variations than buffaloes (37538.91 vs. 90445.47 at 39°C and 33752.91 vs. 70278.79 at 41°C, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the current study represents the first report on the comparative analysis of the effect of in vitro heat stress on bovine and buffalo leukocyte populations, highlighting that the leukocytes of buffalo exhibit relatively higher thermal adaptation than bovine cells.

Common and specific genetic basis of metabolite-mediated drought responses in rice

Plants orchestrate drought responses at metabolic level but the genetic basis remains elusive in rice. In this study, 233 drought-responsive metabolites (DRMs) were quantified in a large rice population comprised of 510 diverse accessions at the reproductive stage. Large metabolic variations in drought responses were detected, and little correlation of metabolic levels between drought and normal conditions were observed. Interestingly, most of these DRMs could predict drought resistance in high accuracy. Genome-wide association study revealed 2522 significant association signals for 233 DRMs, and 98% (2471/2522) of the signals were co-localized with the association loci for drought-related phenotypic traits in the same population or the linkage-mapped QTLs for drought resistance in other populations. Totally, 10 candidate genes were efficiently identified for nine DRMs, seven of which harbored cis-eQTLs under drought condition. Based on comparative GWAS of common DRMs in rice and maize, representing irrigated and upland crops, we have identified three pairs of homologous genes associated with three DRMs between the two crops. Among the homologous genes, a transferase gene responsible for metabolic variation of N-feruloylputrescine was confirmed to confer enhanced drought resistance in rice. Our study provides not only genetic architecture of metabolic responses to drought stress in rice but also metabolic data resources to reveal the common and specific metabolite-mediated drought responses in different crops.

Understanding the impact of within-field Olsen P variation on common wheat production in Olsen P deficient soils

This study investigates the influence of Olsen phosphorus (Ps) within-field variability on common wheat production in Ps-deficient soil. It covers a comprehensive investigation conducted over two growing seasons in Tuscany, Italy, aiming to evaluate the impact of within-field Ps variation on common wheat production and crop responses to different agronomic treatments. Field experiments were undertaken, employing 24 treatments, including 4 wheat varieties, 2 seeding densities, and 3 nitrogen fertilization levels. Soil samples were collected to determine within field variability of main soil properties. At harvesting, aboveground biomass was collected to determine grain yield, straw, and total protein content. Firstly, an ANOVA was performed to account for the effect of the agronomical treatments on crop parameters, namely the Agronomical Input Model (AIM). Then, soil total nitrogen (Ns) and Ps, were added as covariates in a new model, namely the Agronomical and Soil Input Model (ASIM). Results showed a significant spatial variability of Ps within the fields, ranging between 13.7 and 17.4 mg kg-1. Despite this minimal variation in Ps, we observed a linear increase in GY of about 1430 kg ha-1 for each increase of 1 mg kg-1 in Ps. Further studies should be conducted to account for non-linear responses at both lower and higher Ps levels. The ASIM model outperformed AIM, indicating a notable increase in predictive accuracy for both grain yield and protein concentration due to its incorporation of soil parameters. The variance explained by ASIM in predicting the grain yield and protein concentration in grain increased by about 11.0 % and 17.3 %, respectively, with respect to AIM. The study emphasizes the necessity of managing within-field Ps variability through targeted fertilization strategies to enhance wheat production in Ps-deficient soils. By addressing soil nutrient variability, this research aims to contribute to more precise and efficient common wheat production systems.

The Plasma Lipidomic Landscape in Patients with Sepsis due to Community-acquired Pneumonia.

Rationale: The plasma lipidome has the potential to reflect many facets of the host status during severe infection. Previous work is limited to specific lipid groups or was focused on lipids as prognosticators.Objectives: To map the plasma lipidome during sepsis due to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and determine the disease specificity and associations with clinical features.Methods: We analyzed 1,833 lipid species across 33 classes in 169 patients admitted to the ICU with sepsis due to CAP, 51 noninfected ICU patients, and 48 outpatient controls. In a paired analysis, we reanalyzed patients still in the ICU 4 days after admission (n = 82).Measurements and Main Results: A total of 58% of plasma lipids were significantly lower in patients with CAP-attributable sepsis compared with outpatient controls (6% higher, 36% not different). We found strong lipid class-specific associations with disease severity, validated across two external cohorts, and inflammatory biomarkers, in which triacylglycerols, cholesterol esters, and lysophospholipids exhibited the strongest associations. A total of 36% of lipids increased over time, and stratification by survival revealed diverging lipid recovery, which was confirmed in an external cohort; specifically, a 10% increase in cholesterol ester levels was related to a lower odds ratio (0.84; P = 0.006) for 30-day mortality (absolute mortality, 18 of 82). Comparison with noninfected ICU patients delineated a substantial common illness response (57.5%) and a distinct lipidomic signal for patients with CAP-attributable sepsis (37%).Conclusions: Patients with sepsis due to CAP exhibit a time-dependent and partially disease-specific shift in their plasma lipidome that correlates with disease severity and systemic inflammation and is associated with higher mortality.

Differences in Troponin I and Troponin T Release in High-Performance Athletes Outside of Competition.

Troponin I and troponin T are critical biomarkers for myocardial infarction and damage and are pivotal in cardiological and laboratory diagnostics, including emergency settings. Rapid testing protocols have been developed for urgent care, particularly in emergency outpatient clinics. Studies indicate that strenuous physical activity can cause transient increases in these troponin levels, which are typically considered benign. This research focused on 219 elite athletes from national teams, evaluating their troponin I and T levels as part of routine sports medical exams, independent of competition-related physical stress. The results showed that 9.2% (18 athletes) had elevated troponin I levels above the reporting threshold, while their troponin T levels remained within the normal range. Conversely, only 0.9% (two athletes) had normal troponin I but raised troponin T levels, and 2.3% (five athletes) exhibited increases in both markers. No significant cardiovascular differences were noted between those with elevated troponin levels and those without. This study concludes that elevated troponin I is a common response to the intense physical training endured by high-performance endurance athletes, whereas troponin T elevation does not seem to be directly linked to physical exertion in this group. For cardiac assessments, particularly when ruling out cardiac damage in these athletes, troponin T might be a more reliable indicator than troponin I.

Inner ear morphology in wild versus laboratory house mice.

The semicircular canals of the inner ear are involved in balance and velocity control. Being crucial to ensure efficient mobility, their morphology exhibits an evolutionary conservatism attributed to stabilizing selection. Release of selection in slow-moving animals has been argued to lead to morphological divergence and increased inter-individual variation. In its natural habitat, the house mouse Mus musculus moves in a tridimensional space where efficient balance is required. In contrast, laboratory mice in standard cages are severely restricted in their ability to move, which possibly reduces selection on the inner ear morphology. This effect was tested by comparing four groups of mice: several populations of wild mice trapped in commensal habitats in France; their second-generation laboratory offspring, to assess plastic effects related to breeding conditions; a standard laboratory strain (Swiss) that evolved for many generations in a regime of mobility reduction; and hybrids between wild offspring and Swiss mice. The morphology of the semicircular canals was quantified using a set of 3D landmarks and semi-landmarks analyzed using geometric morphometric protocols. Levels of inter-population, inter-individual (disparity) and intra-individual (asymmetry) variation were compared. All wild mice shared a similar inner ear morphology, in contrast to the important divergence of the Swiss strain. The release of selection in the laboratory strain obviously allowed for an important and rapid drift in the otherwise conserved structure. Shared traits between the inner ear of the lab strain and domestic pigs suggested a common response to mobility reduction in captivity. The lab-bred offspring of wild mice also differed from their wild relatives, suggesting plastic response related to maternal locomotory behavior, since inner ear morphology matures before birth in mammals. The signature observed in lab-bred wild mice and the lab strain was however not congruent, suggesting that plasticity did not participate to the divergence of the laboratory strain. However, contrary to the expectation, wild mice displayed slightly higher levels of inter-individual variation than laboratory mice, possibly due to the higher levels of genetic variance within and among wild populations compared to the lab strain. Differences in fluctuating asymmetry levels were detected, with the laboratory strain occasionally displaying higher asymmetry scores than its wild relatives. This suggests that there may indeed be a release of selection and/or a decrease in developmental stability in the laboratory strain.

The effect of Covid-19 emergence on religiosity: Evidence from Singapore

How do people deal with events they cannot control? Religious beliefs and practices are common responses to uncontrollable situations. We analyzed the responses of Singaporeans surveyed between November 2019 and March 2020—just before and just after Covid-19 hit the region—to understand how the beliefs and actions of both religious and non-religious people were affected by the emergence of the previously unknown virus. We find that after the emergence of Covid-19, religious respondents reported significantly higher levels of belief and service attendance frequency, while prayer frequency was not affected. We argue that the decrease in perceived controllability over people's lives explains these results. We discuss the implications of our findings for understanding the dynamics of religious beliefs and practices during times of uncertainty.

On the Reality of the Base-Rate Fallacy: A Logical Reconstruction of the Debate

AbstractDoes the most common response given by participants presented with Tversky and Kahneman’s famous taxi cab problem amount to a violation of Bayes’ theorem? In other words, do they fall victim to so-called base-rate fallacy? In the present paper, following an earlier suggestion by Crupi and Girotto, we will identify the logical arguments underlying both the original diagnosis of irrationality in this reasoning task under uncertainty and a number of objections that have been raised against such a diagnosis. This will enable us to show firstly that, contrary to the dismissive arguments recently put forward by Elqayam and Evans, empirical evidence turns out to be quite useful in addressing questions of this kind. Therefore, it can make a significant contribution to moving the base-rate fallacy controversy forward. Secondly, the available empirical evidence (though limited and sometimes inconclusive) seems to support the charge of irrationality levelled against the majority of participants presented with the taxi cab problem, and hence suggests that base-rate neglect is a real fallacy − that is the conclusion of our analysis.

Updated Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) for Gliomas.

The response assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria and its versions were developed by expert opinion consensus to standardize response evaluation in glioma clinical trials. New patient-based data informed the development of updated response assessment criteria, RANO 2.0. In a recent study of patients with glioblastoma, the post-radiation brain MRI was a superior baseline MRI compared to the pretreatment MRI, and confirmation scans were only beneficial within the first 12weeks of completion of radiation in newly diagnosed disease. Nonenhancing disease evaluation did not improve the correlation between progression-free survival and overall survival in newly diagnosed and recurrent settings. RANO 2.0 recommends a single common response criteria for high- and low-grade gliomas, regardless of the treatment modality being evaluated. It also provides guidance on the evaluation of nonenhancing tumors and tumors with both enhancing and nonenhancing components.

Melatonin as a key regulator in seed germination under abiotic stress.

Seed germination (SG) is the first stage in a plant's life and has an immense importance in sustaining crop production. Abiotic stresses reduce SG by increasing the deterioration of seed quality, and reducing germination potential, and seed vigor. Thus, to achieve a sustainable level of crop yield, it is important to improve SG under abiotic stress conditions. Melatonin (MEL) is an important biomolecule that interplays in developmental processes and regulates many adaptive responses in plants, especially under abiotic stresses. Thus, this review specifically summarizes and discusses the mechanistic basis of MEL-mediated SG under abiotic stresses. MEL regulates SG by regulating some stress-specific responses and some common responses. For instance, MEL induced stress specific responses include the regulation of ionic homeostasis, and hydrolysis of storage proteins under salinity stress, regulation of C-repeat binding factors signaling under cold stress, starch metabolism under high temperature and heavy metal stress, and activation of aquaporins and accumulation of osmolytes under drought stress. On other hand, MEL mediated regulation of gibberellinsbiosynthesis and abscisic acidcatabolism, redox homeostasis, and Ca2+ signaling are amongst the common responses. Nonetheless factors such as endogenous MEL contents, plant species, and growth conditions also influence above-mentioned responses. In conclusion, MEL regulates SG under abiotic stress conditions by interacting with different physiological mechanisms.

Leopard Intrusion Into Human Settlements: A Study Of Conflict In Margalla Hills National Park

The leopard is one of the most common apex predators having recurrent conflict with humans throughout the world. This study investigates the dynamics and potential mitigation of human-leopard conflict in communities bordering Margalla Hills National Park, Pakistan, where livestock depredation drives conflict. A questionnaire survey of 174 residents provided data on depredation patterns, risk perceptions, attitudes towards leopards, and perspectives on solutions. Key findings show uneven distribution of attacks by location and livestock type due to husbandry practices and land use. Small farms, carelessness, and sole dependence on vulnerable livestock enable persistent conflict. The majority of respondents (57.71%) said leopards were rare, while 32% said they were common. The predominant perception of leopards as very or slightly dangerous reveals a high level of fear and risk awareness. The most common response was positive, with 89 respondents viewing leopards favorably. A high prevalence of goats in Saidpur village in comparison to other rural settings explains the recurrent depredation and resultant increased human-leopard conflict. Community attitudes toward leopards are diverse, signaling opportunities for constructive engagement through research, education, and inclusive policy development. With careful persistence over time, communities may eventually find an equitable path towards coexistence that preserves Islamabad iconic leopards while also meeting local priorities.

Related Factors of Work Stress Among Breastfeeding Working Women in Indonesia

Work stress is a common response experienced by workers, including breastfeeding working women, due to stressors arising in the workplace. In the short term, work stress has a negative impact on the productivity and lactation activity of working women. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the factors associated with work stress among breastfeeding working women. A cross-sectional design was used by distributing the workplace stress scale questionnaire and additional questions to breastfeeding working women. The data used were obtained from 162 respondents spread across Indonesia who were willing to fill out online questionnaires. Subsequently, the collected data were analyzed using the Logistic Regression test. The results indicated that 85 people (52.47%) felt high stress, particularly regarding the lack of opportunity to show ability and talent during work. A statistically significant relationship (p=0.034, aOR= 2.139) was also discovered between the type of family and work-related stress in breastfeeding working women. Although this problem was directly sourced from stressors at work, demographic factors such as the type of family contributed to the stress experienced by breastfeeding working women.

MiR-148a and miR-551b-5p regulate inflammatory responses via regulating autophagy in acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common inflammatory response that occurs in the pancreas with mortality rates as high as 30 %. However, there is still no consistent and effective treatment for AP now. MicroRNA-148 was reported to be involved in AP through IL-6 signaling pathway. Therefore, we aimed to further explore the detailed mechanisms of AP, to develop more therapeutic approach for AP. Exosomes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 20 AP patients and 20 healthy volunteers to evaluate the abnormally expressed miRNA. Then pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) were transfected with retrovirus to overexpress miR-148a/miR-551b-5p to evaluate their function. Both miR-148a and miR-551b-5p were highly expressed in AP patients than these in healthy cases. Then overexpressing miR-551b-5p in PACs could regulate autophagy through directly binding to Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing 6, leading to the increased secretions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) through interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling pathway. Moreover, overexpressing miR-148a in PACs could decrease the secretions of IL-1β and IL-18 to modulate autophagy. The exosomal miRNA-148a and miRNA-551b-5p derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of AP patients may two-way mediate autophagy damage through IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway, which participated in the AP pathogenesis. Our findings may provide new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of AP.