Common Pathology Research Articles

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ОЦЕНКИ ВСТРЕЧАЕМОСТИ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ, СТРАДАЮЩИХ ГЛОССОДИНИЕЙ

Chronic pain and paresthesia in the tongue (glossodynia) is the end result of a number of physiological, psychological and social processes. Patients with this diagnosis experience pain and burning sensations in the tongue. The aim of the study was to study the dental status of patients diagnosed with glossodynia to predict the course of the disease. A comprehensive study of the dental health of 186 patients aged 45 to 65 years who applied to a dental clinic in Voronezh from 2014 to 2024 was conducted. 59 people aged 37 to 58 years who applied to a dental clinic in Murmansk from 2017 to 2024. During the dental appointment, all patients underwent orthopantomography, dental examination, determination of caries intensity indices, periodontal, papillary-marginal-alveolar. According to statistical data, the most common pathology is caries, which accounts for 67.75%, the second most common diagnosis is complicated forms of caries in the form of chronic pulpitis, chronic periodontitis, including root cysts - 48.57%. The third most common is chronic generalized periodontitis, according to our statistical study, it occurs in 22.04% of patients diagnosed with glossodynia. Diseases of the oral mucosa account for 37.96% of cases, among which are diagnosed: chronic catarrhal gingivitis, chronic aphthous stomatitis, various forms of cheilitis, chronic cracked lip, chronic herpetic stomatitis (in the remission phase). Pathological abrasion of the occlusal surface of the teeth was diagnosed in 14.69% of those examined. High levels of anxiety and stress in patients are associated with periodontal diseases, refusal to visit a dentist for oral sanitation, then - the transition of dental caries into complicated forms of caries, inadequate self-assessment of oral health. Thus, in the scientific work, the authors conducted a dental examination of patients with a history of symptoms of idiopathic glossodynia, identified the most common dental diseases among this group of patients.

Statins do not reduce the parasite burden during experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection

ABSTRACT Cardiomyopathy is the most common pathology associated with Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Reports that statins have both cardioprotective and trypanocidal activity have generated interest in their potential as a therapeutic treatment. Using a highly sensitive bioluminescent mouse model, we show that a 5-day treatment with statins has no significant impact on parasite load. The free systemic concentrations fail to reach the level required for potency. Hence, clinical trials to investigate the trypanocidal activity of statins lack experimental justification.

Risk factors for incarceration in groin hernia: a prospective observational study

PurposeGroin hernia is one of the most common benign pathologies requiring surgical intervention. Incarcerated groin hernia is a cause of serious morbidity and mortality. In our study, we aimed to identify the risk factors for incarceration in patients with groin hernia and to better understand the factors associated with incarceration, we studied patients who applied to our clinic for groin hernia and underwent surgery.MethodsA prospective observational study was performed, including all patients who applied to the general surgery out patient clinic or emergency department at Bakirköy Dr Sadi Konuk Training & Research Hospital and were diagnosed with groin or incarcerated groin hernia and underwent hernia repair surgery. Patients were divided into two groups; elective surgery and emergency surgery (incarcerated hernia). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for incarceration.ResultsThe study was performed with a total of 654 cases between January 2021 and February 2023. Of these, 79.4% (n = 519) had elective surgery and 20.6% (n = 135) had emergency surgery. Increase in defect width, which was determined according to the EHS classification, was significantly associated with an incarcerated hernia (ODDS ratio 4.463 and 17.636, respectively). Additionally, female gender, femoral hernia type, chronic cough, and chronic constipation were found to be independent risk factors for incarceration.ConclusionFemale gender, chronic cough, chronic constipation, femoral hernia type, and increased defect diameter are independent risk factors for urgent surgery and therefore incarceration in groin.Trial registration numberThe ClinicalTrials.gov ID number of the study is NCT04785430.

Aspects of primary and secondary prevention of heart failure in patients with asthma

The modern concept of a personalized approach to studying the relationship between diseases contributes to an in-depth multimorbidity study. Asthma is one of the most common pathologies among chronic respiratory diseases, characterized by wide heterogeneity and high comorbidity, especially with cardiovascular diseases in the older age group. Due to the difficulties of differential diagnosis of these diseases and their mutually aggravated course, measures for the prevention of heart failure (HF) in asthma patients should be structured.The aim of the review was to highlight the etiology, similarity of the clinical performance and common pathogenesis links in patients with HF and asthma, as well as the main approaches to the prevention of heart failure in patients with asthma.The review summarizes recommendations for the prevention of HF and outpatient follow-up of asthma patients for the timely diagnosis of HF.

Comprehensive Insights into Anxiety, Depression, and Glycemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes and Their Parents: A First Look in Latvia and Implications for Multidisciplinary Care

Background/Objectives: Chronic somatic diseases are significant risk factors for the development of mental disorders. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is the most common chronic endocrine pathology in children. Treatment requires nutrition management, physical activity, lifelong insulin therapy, and proper self-monitoring of blood glucose. It is complicated and therefore may result in a variety of psychosocial problems for children, adolescents, and their families. Considering the rapidly growing incidence of type 1 diabetes in the pediatric population of Latvia, it is important to detect and prevent the risks of anxiety and depression in families with children suffering from type 1 diabetes. Methods: This was a quantitative interdisciplinary cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression in adolescents with T1D and their parents. Two tools were used to detect the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression: the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) scale. Results: A total of 812 respondents were eligible for screening. Anxiety and depression symptoms were seen significantly more frequently in the study group than in the control group. The study found negative effects of anxiety and depression on the compensation of diabetes. Conclusions: Adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents are more predisposed to anxiety and depression symptoms than somatic healthy children and their parents, thus worsening disease control and prognosis.

A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY ASSESSING TRANS-ABDOMINAL PRE-PERITONEAL PROCEDURE VERSUS LICHTENSTEIN APPROACH FOR INGUINAL HERNIA REPAIR

Objective: Inguinal hernia is a common pathology diagnosed predominantly clinically in males as well as females. Imaging, preferably with ultrasound is indicated when the diagnosis is uncertain, or complicated inguinal hernia. Surgery is the only definitive treatment for inguinal hernia. Apart from the classical open inguinal hernia repairs, minimal access approaches are also increasingly preferred. However, the optimal surgical approach still remains controversial as both techniques have some pros and cons. To compare the effectiveness of inguinal hernia repair utilizing the trans-abdominal pre-peritoneal repair (TAPP) and the Lichtenstein repair. Methods: A retrospective study was planned, including 110 patients with unilateral or bilateral inguinal hernias admitted to the general surgery department of a tertiary care Centre. 42 patients who underwent the TAPP approach and 68 patients who underwent the Lichtenstein procedure were included in the study retrospectively. Using an institutional Hernia follow-up registry and telephonic conversations with patients, the incidence of post-operative pain and other complications were noted and compared. Results: TAPP for inguinal hernias outperformed Lichtenstein in terms of post-operative discomfort and incidence of pain without increasing complications or recurrence rates. Conclusion: TAPP surpassed the Lichtenstein operation in terms of post-operative discomfort and medication use for therapeutic intervention without increasing complication and recurrence rates.

Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) of the Knee in Professional Soccer Players

Objective The goal of our study was to assess the prevalence of osteoarthritis in the knee joint of active male professional soccer players by means of the semi-quantitative Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS). Design Magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs) of both knees were performed on 85 male professional soccer players during their “medicals” (age = 24 ± 4 years). All baseline data (age, playing position) were obtained. Based on the WORMS, the status of the cartilage and bone in the medial and lateral femoro-tibial joint (MFTJ and LFTJ), as well as the patellofemoral joint was assessed. Menisci and ligaments were evaluated separately. The final score was the sum of all regional scores. Results The mean WORMS of the 170 knee joints was 13.3 ± 13.5 points (range = 0-111, achievable scores: 0-290). Cartilage changes were the most common pathologies, observed in 141 of the 170 knee joints. Structural cartilage lesions (WORMS ≥ 2) were observed in 54% of the studied knees. Pathologies of the medial meniscus were associated with cartilage damage of the corresponding MFTJ (r = 0.424, P < 0.0001). The same effect was observed for the lateral meniscus and the corresponding LFTJ (r = 0.553, P < 0.0001). However, lateral meniscal lesions could be correlated with more other joint pathologies compared to medial meniscal lesions. Total WORMS correlated significantly with increasing age (r = 0.386, P = 0.001). Conclusion The provided data show the high incidence of knee joint damage in professional football players. In particular, the lateral meniscus appears to play a critical role.

Why I Want Bunion Surgery-the Patient's Preoperative and Postoperative Perspective.

Hallux valgus is the most common pathology afflicting the hallux. Surgery is generally offered to symptomatic patients who fail conservative treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate patient-reported reasons for undergoing hallux valgus corrective surgery in a preoperative and postoperative cohort. We performed a prospective and retrospective cross-sectional study. Our study included all patients aged >18 years who were planning to or have had hallux valgus surgery during the study period. An information sheet including 14 possible reasons for having hallux valgus surgery and a questionnaire to rank each reason (1-10) was sent to all patients. Patients were divided into a preoperative group and a postoperative group to eliminate bias. In our study we had 101 patients, 5 males and 96 females, at an average age of 50.6 years. The preoperative cohort included 51 patients and the postoperative cohort 50 patients. The 3 most important reasons for having surgery, in both cohorts, were the ability to move pain free, eliminate pain over bunion, and to be able to walk long distance and over uneven terrain without pain. The 3 least important factors were to reduce the need for an orthotic, narrower foot, and to wear high heels. Indications were divided into one of 4 categories. Pain was the highest-rated category in both pre and postoperative groups, followed by function. In the preoperative group, appearance was the next most important group and shoe wear the least. In comparison, in the postoperative group, shoe wear was more important than appearance. Pain and function are the most important reasons patients have for surgery in both the preoperative and postoperative patient cohorts. Patients were more likely to list cosmesis as a reason to undergo surgery in the preoperative than the postoperative group.

The Conception of Fundus Multi-Disease Dataset (FMDD) using Multi-Spectral Generative Adversarial Networks

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 2.2 billion people are affected by visual impairment. Early detection and diagnosis of ocular pathologies can help predict visual impairment. Over the past twenty years, many fundus image datasets have become publicly available due to technological advances. These datasets have primarily focused on the detection of common ocular pathologies such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma, and recent research in fundus diseases has highlighted the importance of detecting multiple fundus diseases. Existing datasets such as ARIA and RFMiD mainly contain images of the most common pathologies and very few images related to rare pathologies. The existing public datasets have problems in multi-disease classification, such as less data under some under-represented diseases, low-quality photos, and class imbalance among several classes. The main objective of our research is to construct a Fundus Multi-Disease Dataset (FMDD) with 20 courses of ocular diseases from publicly available datasets and with the application of Multi-Spectral Generative Adversarial Networks (MSGANs). The resulting dataset is balanced for all image classes.

Return to recreational activity after hip abductor repair: A systematic review.

Return to recreational activity after hip abductor repair: A systematic review.

Evaluation of the relations between foot & ankle pathologies and anatomic variations with magnetic resonance imaging of 849 study population.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationships between common pathologies and anatomical variations in the foot & ankle using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Between January 2016 and December 2020, a total of 849 ankle MRIs (427 right foot, 422 left foot) in 738 patients (274 males, 464 females; mean age: 43.4±14.3 years; range, 15 to 70 years) were retrospectively analyzed. Among ankle pathologies, peroneal and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendinopathies were evaluated. Among the anatomical variations, retromalleolar fibular groove (RMFG) shape, os peroneum, os trigonum, peroneus quartus (PQ), flexor digitorum accessorius longus (FDAL), low-lying peroneus brevis (PB) and FHL muscles were examined. The distance of the PB and FHL musculotendinous junctions (MTJs) from designated reference points was measured. Cut-off values for PB and FHL musculotendinous junction distances were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. For the reliability analysis of measurements performed by two researchers, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were calculated. Bilateral ankle MRIs of 111 patients were evaluated. The PB, PL, and FHL tenosynovitis were observed in 29.6%, 34.9%, and 38.8% of all ankles, respectively. The PB and PL tendon tears were found in 12.2% and 3.9%, respectively. A total of 47.1% of the RMFG shapes were concave, 36.7% were flat, 12.4% were convex, and 3.8% were irregular. The PQ, FDAL, os peroneum, and os trigonum were detected in 13.8%, 3.1%, 16.6%, and 20.5% of the ankles, respectively. The cut-off value of PB MTJ distance that would cause a PB tendon tear was 4.40 mm distal from reference point. The cut-off value of FHL MTJ distance that would cause FHL tendinopathy was 4.15 mm distal from reference point. The study had a statistically significantly high level of consistency between the experts (ICC=0.85). The convex and irregular shapes of the RMFG, along with the anatomical variations of the os peroneum and low-lying PB muscle, constitute risk factors for peroneal tendon pathologies. The presence of the os trigonum and low-lying FHL muscle anatomical variations predispose individuals to FHL tendinopathies. The cut-off values that could lead to PB vertical tears and FHL tendinopathy were identified for the low-lying PB and FHL muscles, respectively.

Fertility preservation in women with endometriosis: A retrospective non-Inferiority study comparing Dienogest in the PPOS protocol to antagonist and agonist protocols.

Fertility preservation in women with endometriosis: A retrospective non-Inferiority study comparing Dienogest in the PPOS protocol to antagonist and agonist protocols.

505 Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis and Stevens Johnson Syndrome: More Than Just Skin Deep

Abstract Introduction There is increasing literature about the significant psychological morbidity of patients’ with SJS/TEN. Conditions such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress (PTSD) are some of the more common pathologies associated with these injuries. The hypothesis for this study is, in addition to psychiatric disorders, patients recovered from SJS/TEN suffer disabilities in multiple facets of daily life even after healing of their skin disorder. Methods Patients with the diagnosis of SJS/TEN admitted from 2021-2024 were identified via retrospective chart review. Their demographics, hospital outcomes, length of stay, and potential causes were obtained from the electronic medical record. Depression and PTSD screenings were performed at follow up visits (GAD-7, PHQ-9, PTSD). Patients were then interviewed in a non-clinical setting to describe the nature of their life’s changes as a direct result of their TEN/SJS sequela after leaving the hospital. A descriptive analysis was then used based on the responses from each patient. Results We identified 34 patients via chart review during the study period. The patients had an average surface area affected of 33% total body surface area (TBSA). Average initial length of stay was 13.84 days. 85% had at least one additional extra dermal organ system involved in their disease. Average total time of screening for mental health disorders was 3.65 years. Anxiety, depression and PTSD scores were 5.8, 7.8 and 1.7 at final screening. Average time from disease onset to interview was 4.65 years. Patients reported a variety of ongoing life alterations: chronic medical conditions, dynamic shifts in their households and interpersonal relationships, abrupt and/or continued financial insecurity, limited access to appropriate resources, and complete relearning in managing their activities of daily living. Conclusions TEN/SJS is not only an acute condition that ends when skin healing is complete. Deeper emotional and financial injuries persist. Chronic mild depression and anxiety exist even years later. Sequela of physical changes results in significant alterations in emotional, familial, and financial stability. Provider understanding of these non-standardized, long-term effects is an aspect of care that is largely missing and worsens negative outcomes and reintegration into society. Applicability of Research to Practice Greater understanding of the long-term outcomes after hospitalization and recovery from acute SJS/TEN is an area of need. Patients will suffer predictable psychosocial and physical symptoms, and verified burn centers should develop and lead multidisciplinary teams to assist in this area of chronic care. Funding for the Study N/A

ULTRASOUND ASSESSMENT OF RENAL PARAMETER CHANGES IN OFFSPRING PRENATALLY EXPOSED TO CHRONIC MATERNAL BACTERIAL UROGENITAL INFLAMMATION

Introduction. Kidney disease is a common pathology among offspring born to mothers who experienced an exacerbation of chronic genitourinary inflammation during pregnancy. However, the potential of ultrasound imaging in diagnosing nephropathology in offspring prenatally exposed to maternal chronic bacterial urogenital inflammation remains unexplored in scientific research. This study aimed to determine the impact of experimentally induced maternal chronic genitourinary inflammation caused by Proteus mirabilis and Streptococcus pyogenes on renal parameter changes in offspring, as assessed by ultrasound examination. Materials and methods. A chronic inflammatory process of the genitourinary system caused by Proteus mirabilis and Streptococcus pyogenes was experimentally induced in reproductive-age female Wistar Albino Glaxo rats, followed by the production of 7-day-old, one-month-old, and two-month-old offspring. Ultrasound examinations of the kidneys were performed using the Aplio 500 ultrasound system (Toshiba Medical Systems, Japan) in B-mode. A linear high-frequency 18 MHz transducer with high resolution was used to assess small and superficially located structures. The study was conducted at the MDC Expert-Kharkiv Branch. During B-mode ultrasound examination, the following kidney parameters were assessed: longitudinal and transverse dimensions (mm), parenchymal thickness (mm), and parenchymal echogenicity. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using Statistica 7. Results. Comparative analysis of renal ultrasound parameters in offspring revealed significant differences between the experimental groups as well as between the experimental and control groups. Offspring prenatally exposed to Streptococcus pyogenes-induced maternal genitourinary inflammation exhibited reduced kidney size and progressive parenchymal thinning across all age groups compared to controls. Additionally, increased parenchymal echogenicity was observed in this group across all age categories, distinguishing it from both the control group and the experimental group exposed to Proteus mirabilis. In contrast, offspring prenatally exposed to Proteus mirabilis-induced maternal genitourinary inflammation demonstrated only a reduction in kidney size and mild parenchymal thinning compared to controls. However, parenchymal echogenicity remained unchanged across all age groups in this cohort. Conclusions. The experiment revealed distinct changes in kidney parameters in offspring, depending on the type of pathogen and the age of the offspring, in cases of prenatal exposure to maternal chronic genitourinary inflammation caused by Proteus mirabilis and Streptococcus pyogenes uroisolates. The kidney size in both experimental groups was reduced compared to the control group; however, the most pronounced changes were observed in rat pups prenatally exposed to Streptococcus pyogenes-induced maternal inflammation. Furthermore, increased parenchymal echogenicity was detected exclusively in offspring prenatally exposed to S. pyogenes across all age groups, distinguishing this group from both the control and P. mirabilis experimental groups.

MiR-21-5p and miR-223-3p as Treatment Response Biomarkers in Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

The diagnosis and monitoring of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a common pediatric pathology, typically involves invasive procedures such as an upper endoscopy with biopsies, imposing a significant burden on patients and healthcare systems. We aimed to assess miR-21-5p and miR-223-3p levels in pediatric EoE patients and evaluate their as potential non-invasive biomarkers of disease activity and response to treatments. We enrolled 13 children with EoE and 8 controls. Plasma and esophageal mucosa samples from patients were collected at diagnosis and after 8-10 weeks of therapy and compared with control samples. After microRNA(miRNA) extraction, the levels of miR-21-5p and miR-223-3p and their relevant target genes were analyzed. Bioinformatic analysis was used to identify the predicted target genes and pathways that are potentially relevant for disease pathophysiology. Plasma levels of miR-21-5p and miR-223-3p were significantly higher in EoE patients than in the controls, reflecting their levels in esophageal mucosa. The target genes of these miRNAs are involved in key signaling pathways (MAPK, Ras, and FoxO), relevant for EoE pathophysiology. Among these, STAT3 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3) and PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog), which are significantly downregulated in patient esophageal mucosa, are implicated in eosinophilic gastroenteropathies and autoimmune diseases. Following therapy (proton pump inhibitors and/or fluticasone propionate), plasma and tissue expression of both miRNAs significantly decreased and were no longer different from the controls. These microRNAs may serve as complementary non-invasive EoE markers and reduce the need for endoscopy/biopsies.

Presence of Muscle Fiber’s in the Carpal Tunnel

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a very common pathology. The global incidence is 3.9%, and in Mexico, it affects 3.4% of women and 0.6% of men. Although the standard approach for carpal tunnel release is described without traversing muscle fibers, these are common, and their exact origin is unknown. Methods: This retrospective study analysed clinical records of patients undergoing open carpal tunnel release. Conservative treatments and other surgical procedures were excluded. The presence of anomalous muscle fibers over, under, or through the transverse carpal ligament was assessed. Results: Out of 23 hands from 19 patients, 69.6% presented anomalous muscle fibers. They were classified into large and small muscles, with 56.3% corresponding to large muscles. Although no anatomical variations of the motor branch of the median nerve were found, they were not intentionally sought. Conclusion: The presence of anomalous muscle fibers in the carpal tunnel is common in the studied population, exceeding international rates. Although no correlation with anatomical variations of the motor branch of the median nerve was found in this study, the relationship between these fibers and variants has been documented previously. Caution is emphasized during tunnel release to prevent injuries to the motor branch of the median nerve in the presence of such fibers. Specific clinical implications are still unknown. The need for more extensive studies is suggested to better understand the role of these fibers in median nerve compression.

EP1.44 Outcomes of Surgical and Nonsurgical Interventions for Adolescents with Hip Labral Tears: A Systematic Review

Abstract Background: Acetabular labral tears (ALTs) are a common pathology in adolescents, and often are associated with increased athletic activity. Much debate exists regarding the best treatment for adolescent ALT patients. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the literature is necessary to assess the operative and nonoperative treatment modalities for adolescents with symptomatic ALTs. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted using the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase research databases, utilizing the keywords “labral tear or labrum tear” and filtering the results by age groups (birth to 24 years old). This was further limited to publications that focused on ALTs as the primary diagnosis, included patient-reported outcomes (PRO) data, and assessed those of our target population (aged 10-19 years). Results: Out of 526 identified articles, five met the inclusion criteria. Of these, one assessed the graduated management protocol (GMP), while the other four focused specifically on arthroscopic labral repair/debridement. The study assessing GMP reported that less than half (42%) of patients experienced sufficient improvements with PT alone, and progression to injections and/or arthroscopy was often necessary. Furthermore, the study noted that of those receiving injections for ALT(s), approximately half would later require surgical intervention. All studies indicated that surgical management for ALTs seemed to yield improvements for virtually all patient-reported outcomes (PROs). This was reported up to 5 years postoperatively in one study and maintained at an average 12-year follow-up in another. Although there were no significant differences in postoperative PROs between acute and chronic ALTs treated arthroscopically, there were discrepancies between revision rates reported by authors regarding acute and chronic ALTs. Conclusions: * Nonsurgical management, via PT and/or injections, can be an effective alternative to arthroscopy in a minority of adolescent patients. * Arthroscopic labral repair is a safe and effective treatment for adolescents suffering from symptomatic ALT(s), with consistent improvements in PROs noted. * Limitations include significant gaps in the literature targeting adolescent patients with symptomatic ALTs (especially concerning nonoperative management), and a lack of standardized pre- and postoperative PROs across the included studies.

EP6.28 Hip Preservation Surgery in Patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome and Acetabular Dysplasia Improves Functional Measures and Pain Catastrophizing

Abstract Introduction: Chronic hip pain is a debilitating condition which severely reduces one’s quality of life. Prior studies uncovered a link between hip pathologies and pain catastrophizing, anxiety and depression. Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and acetabular dysplasia (AD) are two common hip pathologies that can lead to osteoarthritis and chronic hip pain. Development of these hip pathologies can lead patients to undergo hip preservation procedures after exhausting non-surgical conservative measures. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether hip preservation surgery in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and acetabular dysplasia (AD) improves functional outcomes and pain catastrophizing. Methods: Patients with FAIS and AD were requested to complete a hip questionnaire both preoperatively and postoperatively at a single academic center. Pain catastrophizing was evaluated utilizing the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and pain level was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). Assessments of hip functional outcomes included the Hip Outcome Score (HOS) and Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS). Outcome measures before and after treatment were compared using the dependent samples t-test. A correlation analysis, using the Spearman partial correlation coefficient (rs), was conducted to evaluate the relationship between variables. Results: The sample was made up of 35 patients with AD and 53 with FAIS. The dependent samples t-test revealed a significant change or improvement in mean levels of pain catastrophizing and functional outcomes from pre- to post-treatment for patients with adverse hip conditions. The Spearman partial correlation coefficients revealed a significant inverse relationship between change in level of function (as measured by the HOOS QoL) and change in pain catastrophizing total (rs = -0.293, p=0.0065, FDR=0.0210), pain catastrophizing rumination (rs = -0.391, p=0.0002, FDR=0.0010), pain catastrophizing magnification (rs = -0.225, p=0.0380, FDR=0.1900), and pain catastrophizing helplessness (rs = -0.339, p=0.0015, FDR=0.0075), while controlling for age, BMI, and time in days from pre- to post-treatment assessment. Pain catastrophizing improved as level of function (QoL) improved. Conclusion: Undergoing hip preservation surgery for patients with AD or FAIS improved their hip function and decreased their overall pain level. Furthermore, a correlation was found between increased hip functional measures and decreased pain catastrophizing postoperatively. Improving hip function through hip preservation surgery has shown to significantly decrease patient levels of pain catastrophizing postoperatively in AD and FAIS populations, further underscoring the benefit of surgical hip preservation treatments.

Exploring Middle Ear Pathologies in Adults with Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review of Available Evidence and Research Gaps

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic health condition, affecting millions of people worldwide, and its incidence is projected to increase by almost 50% in the next two decades. The effects of DM on the auditory system have been reported. However, there is limited evidence on the association between DM and middle ear pathologies. This scoping review aimed to map the available evidence and identify research gaps regarding DM and middle ear pathologies in the adult population. Five electronic databases, namely Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science, were searched using a combination of specific key terms. This review followed the guidelines stipulated by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews and reporting using PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. A thematic narrative analysis was used to synthesize key findings. Of the 1809 articles, only 2 articles met the inclusion criteria. Neither of these studies focused exclusively on middle ear pathologies in DM, but they did report incidental findings related to middle ear function. Available evidence suggests that middle ear pathologies may occur in individuals with DM, with a reported prevalence ranging from 3.1% to 19.6%. Otitis media with effusion and conductive hearing loss were common middle ear pathologies identified. Additionally, recent studies have provided new evidence suggesting ossicular joint changes in individuals with DM and a causal link between DM and acute suppurative otitis media. However, age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) were more commonly associated with DM, with studies reporting a high prevalence of SNHL in younger to middle-aged adults with diabetes. This review highlights a significant research gap in the literature, as no studies directly investigated the relationship between DM and middle ear function as a primary focus. Further research is required to investigate this potential association using methodologies explicitly designed for middle ear assessment. While some evidence suggests a possible association, the lack of age-stratified analyses, imaging data, and comprehensive diagnostic testing limits the ability to draw strong conclusions. Further research incorporating age-based analyses, radiological assessments, and microbiome studies is needed to fully understand the potential impact of DM on middle ear health.

The Potential Role of GPT-4o in Interpreting Chest Computed Tomography for Thoracic Emergencies

This study evaluated GPT-4o's performance in interpreting chest CT images for thoracic emergencies. In July 2024, open-access medical images were analyzed by GPT-4o via chatgpt.com with a query to identify and describe abnormalities, specifying the type and plane of imaging. GPT-4o consistently identified the imaging type and plane correctly. For instance, it accurately detected a right-sided pneumothorax with mediastinal shift, and a significant right pleural effusion with a smaller left effusion, although it misidentified minimal bilateral pneumothorax. It correctly identified pericardial effusion in the coronal plane in a cardiac tamponade case but failed to identify a saddle pulmonary embolism. While GPT-4o shows potential for diagnosing chest CT images in thoracic emergencies, it may still miss major abnormalities. Future large-scale studies should evaluate both common and rare pathologies using large language models.