Common Idea Research Articles

Impaired Consciousness, Madness and Mental Incapacitation in the Roman Law

ABSTRACT: This paper explores common ideas shared by doctors and jurists in the Roman Empire concerning conditions with mental compromise. Recent scholarship has been reluctant to see an ongoing debate between experts in these two disciplines. Conversely, I will argue that it is possible to unveil a fluent exchange of ideas and concepts between legal commentators and medical writers around issues of mental incapacity, if we frame those cases as impaired consciousness (and not mental illness). To prove this point I will draw on some examples from the Digest , which will be placed in dialogue with contemporary medical texts.

Multi-faceted Eurasianism: a comparison in practice

PurposeAfter the collapse of the USSR, Eurasian integration projects, proposed by Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey, began to develop in the post-Soviet space. Hence, there is growing interest in Eurasianism as an ideology. In this context, the study of the use of the Eurasianism's ideas in practice becomes relevant. The argument of this article is that Russia, Turkey, and Kazakstan have their own interpretations of Eurasianism's ideas to develop the ideological basis of their own integration projects. The purpose of the article is to answer the question: How is the Eurasianism used in integration projects of Russia, Turkey and Kazakstan?Design/methodology/approachThe concept of Eurasianism has been viewed in terms of constructivism. On the basis of the principles of social constructivism, and in particular the works of constructivist ideologue Alexander Wendt, a comparative analysis was made. The ideas of Eurasianism in the integration processes of Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey has been carried out based on the criteria such as the role of common ideas, identity, consciousness, memory and culture. The examples of mentioned countries were compared, to consider the development of the ideas of Eurasianism in practice.FindingsThe ideas of Eurasianism have a significant impact on the integration processes of the post-Soviet space. Eurasianism advocates for important factors such as respect for cultural and civilizational differences between different nations, their equality in the overall union and common development opportunities. Such factors are undoubtedly important for the success of integration projects. The reflection of many individual thoughts of classical Eurasians and Neo-Eurasians can be seen in the statements of various ministers and leaders of Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey. The initiatives of these countries in creating integration projects also show the influence of the Eurasian concept.Originality/valueIn the 1990s, the study of Eurasianism gained new significance in academic circles. Articles and periodicals devoted to this concept were published. However, all parallels between variations in concepts of Eurasianism have been conducted on a theoretical level. The importance of this article lies in the fact that conceptual differences are compared in practice. Researchers had not previously considered the study of the relevance and productivity of Eurasianism in practice by comparing examples and experiences from different countries. The novelty of this article lies in its attempt to solve this problem.

The implications of the Madonna/Whore Constellation: A common fantasy underlying misogyny?

AbstractThe Madonna/Whore Constellation of fantasies often underlies well‐recognized and pervasive misogynistic attitudes in our culture. These common and disturbing ideas about women serve to validate continued societal acceptance of the degradation of those people who are identified as female. The author suggests that there is a dynamic connection between the often‐unconscious Madonna/Whore complex of fantasies and consciously recognized misogyny. The author suggests that this set of fantasies is driven, in part, by overwhelming (i.e., traumatic) annihilation anxiety. It is argued in this paper that men who have felt overstimulated by women both emotionally and sexually as they develop are likely to feel helpless, anxious, and powerless in relation to women as adults. To defend against these feelings, some men wish for omnipotent control and place women into the binary, dichotomous categories of Madonna or Whore. These fantasies serve to solidify masculine identity and a male sense of superiority. The author proposes that the prevailing norms in our culture that reflect male supremacy not only reflect shared patriarchal beliefs but also function to justify these particularly dangerous hateful beliefs ‐ as if they were appropriate and even necessary to maintaining superior male status.

INDUSTRY SURVEYS REGARDING CONTINUING EDUCATION IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Since perspectives on higher education are continually changing, curriculum must reflect the current needs of industry. However, individual perspectives may differ based on one’s background and social position. The purpose of this study was to strengthen the course content of the master’s programs in Construction Management at the University of Florida. The primary goal of the surveys used was to determine the attitudes of alumni regarding the value of a master’s degree in Construction Management, for themselves, or for those who work for them. Survey questionnaires were developed, and two surveys were conducted on alumni, using Qualtrics Survey software. Two sample tests for equality of proportions were used for statistical analysis. Middle managers and executives shared some common ideas, but they showed different opinions regarding attending the Construction Management School for their Master’s degree. Also, middle managers with a master’s degree tend to find more additional value in students with a master’s degree than middle managers with only a bachelor’s degree. Based on the results, a 16-month Master’s degree program in Construction Leadership was designed, equivalent to four academic semesters.

A Tutorial on Agricultural IoT: Fundamental Concepts, Architectures, Routing, and Optimization

This paper presents an in-depth contextualized tutorial on Agricultural IoT (Agri-IoT), covering the fundamental concepts, assessment of routing architectures and protocols, and performance optimization techniques via a systematic survey and synthesis of the related literature. The negative impacts of climate change and the increasing global population on food security and unemployment threats have motivated the adoption of the wireless sensor network (WSN)-based Agri-IoT as an indispensable underlying technology in precision agriculture and greenhouses to improve food production capacities and quality. However, most related Agri-IoT testbed solutions have failed to achieve their performance expectations due to the lack of an in-depth and contextualized reference tutorial that provides a holistic overview of communication technologies, routing architectures, and performance optimization modalities based on users’ expectations. Thus, although IoT applications are founded on a common idea, each use case (e.g., Agri-IoT) varies based on the specific performance and user expectations as well as technological, architectural, and deployment requirements. Likewise, the agricultural setting is a unique and hostile area where conventional IoT technologies do not apply, hence the need for this tutorial. Consequently, this tutorial addresses these via the following contributions: (1) a systematic overview of the fundamental concepts, technologies, and architectural standards of WSN-based Agri-IoT, (2) an evaluation of the technical design requirements of a robust, location-independent, and affordable Agri-IoT, (3) a comprehensive survey of the benchmarking fault-tolerance techniques, communication standards, routing and medium access control (MAC) protocols, and WSN-based Agri-IoT testbed solutions, and (4) an in-depth case study on how to design a self-healing, energy-efficient, affordable, adaptive, stable, autonomous, and cluster-based WSN-specific Agri-IoT from a proposed taxonomy of multi-objective optimization (MOO) metrics that can guarantee an optimized network performance. Furthermore, this tutorial established new taxonomies of faults, architectural layers, and MOO metrics for cluster-based Agri-IoT (CA-IoT) networks and a three-tier objective framework with remedial measures for designing an efficient associated supervisory protocol for cluster-based Agri-IoT networks.

The Ethics of Sharing: Privacy, Data, and Common Goods

Given the concerns about big tech’s hoarding of data, creation of profiles, mining of data, and extrapolation of new knowledge from their data warehouses, there is a need and interest in devising policies and regulations that better shape big tech's influence on people and their lives. One such proposal is to create data commons. In this paper, we examine the idea of data commons as well as the concept of sharing in relation to the concept of personal data. We argue that personal data are different in nature from the objects of classical commons wherefore the logic of “sharing is caring” is flawed. We, therefore, develop an ethics of sharing taking privacy into account as well as the idea that sometimes the right thing to do is not sharing. This ethics of sharing is based in a proposal to conceptualize data commons as MacIntyrean practices and Wittgensteinian forms of life.

Developing new picture proofs that the sums of the first n odd integers are squares

What is it that makes us judge two proofs of the same theorem to be the same or different? This is not an idle question: one central aspect of judging mathematics is the novelty of the mathematics presented. This is important everywhere, from the peer-review system, to assigning international prestige, to funding agencies’ grant decisions. It even matters to some extent in examinations, to avoid accusations of collusion. Surprisingly, philosophers of mathematics have not paid the question of novelty much attention. In this Article, we will consider the appealing conjecture that the main ideas that make up the proof, the essence of a proof, can indeed be identified and that very different styles of proofs can share common main ideas. Further, that a particular theorem can be proved using quite different, independent main ideas. As a means of exploring whether this is plausible, we will present a number of novel proofs of the following theorem.

Indo-US Relations: Issues and Challenges

The Indo-US relations are strategically very significant. Both the countries have many purposes that they can be fulfilled from each other. India is strategically important for US due to many reasons like both the countries followed the democracy having common ideas and aspirations, increasing dominance of India in international politics, to counter the growth of China, security of Indian Ocean, fastest growing economy with huge consumers for US, strength and experience to counter terrorism, second largest importer of India etc. On the other hand, friendship with US is also very vital for India from various points of view like safeguarding its security interests with Pakistan, China and other neighboring countries, desire to become permanent member of UNSC, countering China in Indian Ocean region, provide higher and advanced technology in aerospace, intelligence, defense, commerce and to grow economically. Hence, it is very important to study the issues and challenges prevailed in Indo-US relations if someone wants to understand the relations between these two states.

On the new ideas and strategies of human resource management selection in the era of "Internet +"

In the rapid development of social economy and science and technology, cross-border thinking and industry competition is increasingly fierce, "Internet +" as a new technology concept is widely used in the enterprise human resources management, which not only reflects the common ideas of economic development, but also in the practice of exploration, master more development opportunities. Especially under the background of the new era, how to improve the level of enterprise human resources management is an important issue that every department should pay attention to. In this paper, on the basis of understanding the reform and development status of human resource management in the Internet era, according to the development trend of human resource management, the construction of a standardized and perfect human resource management system, and based on the development requirements of the "Internet +" era to define the new concept of human resource management selection and effective measures.

A new delay-based broadcast suppression mechanism for efficient emergency messages dissemination in CAVs environment

Network congestion is a major issue affecting communications in Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) under high vehicle density scenarios. The common idea used by emergency message broadcast protocols to overcome this challenge is to reduce the number of retransmissions. This is achieved by suppressing redundant retransmissions while maintaining broadcast reliability. In this paper, we analyze the problem of inaccurate suppression of redundant retransmissions in delay-based broadcast protocols and propose uHBS (unHurried Broadcast Suppression), a new more efficient broadcast suppression mechanism. uHBS avoids inaccurate decisions to suppress or forward an emergency message by considering the occurrence of duplicate receptions of this message and using an indication about the channel’s busy status. Next, we use the proposed uHBS mechanism as a basis for designing uHBS-DP (uHBS based Dissemination Protocol), a novel delay-based protocol for broadcasting emergency messages in urban vehicular networks. The simulation results show that uHBS-DP, using the proposed broadcast suppression mechanism, significantly improves the efficiency of emergency message broadcasting by ensuring high reliability with low broadcasting overhead, compared to two other variants of uHBS-DP that use conventional suppression mechanisms. Furthermore, the results show a substantial improvement, compared to a well known protocol, in terms of reduced collision ratio (up to 36.57%), lower dissemination delay (up to 19.17%) and reduced broadcast overhead (up to 19.28%).

Smart Building Skin Design with Dynamic Climate Adaptability of Smart Cities Based on Artificial Intelligence

As the separation and carrier of indoor and outdoor energy and climate conditions, building skin plays an important role in indoor environment regulation and effective utilization of outdoor environmental resources. The traditional fixed skin of residential buildings in cold regions lacks the ability to respond to the external climate, so it is difficult to meet the dual requirements of building energy efficiency and indoor comfort. In the long river of architectural development, the most important thing of architectural design is how to meet the climate adaptability. Traditional architectural forms have long been unable to meet the current social development, climate conditions, and user needs. Based on the basic theory, this paper establishes a systematic understanding of inlay, studies the design method of complex skin with geometric algorithm as the operating tool, discusses the application of this method in architectural design in combination with practice, more systematically and comprehensively studies the building skin with dynamic climate adaptability, and makes a physical model of building skin with dynamic climate adaptability. The contrast experiments under different control modes were carried out using the climate chamber experimental system. This research focuses on taking geometric principles as the prototype, trying to break the common design idea of generating skin by overlapping cells, and providing a systematic skin design method with strong operability and modular structure, hoping to help expand creative thinking.

Understanding Evil Deeds in Human Terms: Empathy for the Perpetrators, the Dead Victims, and the Ethics of Being the Afterlife

This essay concerns what it means to historicize evil in an ethically responsible way: that is, what it means to think and narrate perpetrators and victims of evil through what is testified to and told about them. I show that a responsible gaze can only be recognized by allowing ourselves to be addressed by the dead victims. The argument consists in an existential critique of a set of common ideas in the human sciences, which suggest that we must attempt to empathize with the perpetrators in order to understand their deeds in human terms. This empathetic thought, I suggest, easily leads us either to aestheticize the victims or to think that the evils in our history should be addressed as a metaphysical susceptibility to evil internal to being human. By critically discussing these ideas, I show that empathy for the perpetrators in several respects does injustice to the dead victims, which marks that we as their afterlife continue to have an irresponsible relationship with the dead.

The Victorian Spiritualists’ Union and the Surprising Survival of Spiritualism in Australia

ABSTRACT The new religion of Spiritualism emerged in the mid-19th century. Through mediumship, Spiritualists contacted the dead, believing them to have “passed over” to another plane of existence. It spread from America to Great Britain before arriving in Australia in the 1850s. This article charts the history of the world’s oldest continuously running Spiritualist organisation, the Victorian Spiritualists’ Union (VSU, est. 1870), exploring the unexpected survival of the movement in Australia. It challenges the common idea that Spiritualism enjoyed only a brief revival in the interwar period and has maintained a tenuous status ever since. Rather, I argue that Spiritualism has experienced several peaks and troughs since its emergence in Australia, including a widespread revival in the 1970s, spearheaded by the VSU. Spiritualism in Australia survives due to the development of a church movement, the advocacy of groups such as the VSU, the generous volunteer efforts of individual Spiritualists, the acquisition of church buildings, and its geographic mobility, all of which have allowed Spiritualist churches to be responsive to changing social and cultural conditions for more than a century. It is one of Australia’s largest and most resilient alternative religious movements, not simply a Victorian-era curio.

Rationalising the Political: The Concept of Interest in Postmodern Public Law

References to public interest are abundant in legal scholarship, jurisprudence, and legislation. However, the meaning of interest still remains rather a common sense idea without legible standards or criteria. The article offers to conceptualize it in a broader socio-historical context, as this concept cannot be treated in isolation from the evolution of the Western scientific paradigm that aspires to rationalize the world, to rationally explain and construct a cognitive map of both social and natural environments. To explore the history of “interest” in law means to grasp and reconstruct the phases of the fundamental revolution that legal thought has undergone since the mid-XVIII century. The article offers a bird-eye view of how the concept of interest gained currency and infiltrated law. This evolutionary perspective could explain certain coherence and similarity of various meanings proposed for the concept of interest in case law and scholarship. The article argues that interest becomes socially recognizable and viable when it is perceived and interpreted as such. It acquires validity in legal argumentation if it fits into the cultural schemata of legal framing. The article purports to deconstruct interest as a category. It argues that three key assumptions underpin the concept: (1) interests are social constructs; (2) interests are generated by argumentation (to qualify as interest an existing or perceived good, purpose, motive, aspiration, or claim requires argumentation that triggers “frames of interest” - cognitive representations and constructs); (3) interests are vehicles whereby normative ideas of justice, society, and the world, generated and validated by other normative orders, are adapted, legitimized and incorporated into law. The article discusses the practical implications of these assumptions. In a judicial proceeding, public interest analysis should explore the central organizing idea of a public interest argumentation against three analytical components: (1) substantive (refers to the interest analysis); (2) quantitative (refers to the “society”/ “public” analysis); and (3) qualitative (refers to analysis focusing on whether the argumentation triggers cognitive representations and constructs that reference moral principles). Finally, the reconceptualization of interest as a social construct can shed new light on legal argumentation and the so-called “five I-s of legal reasoning”: intuitiveness, incidentality, indeterminacy, ideology, and irrationality. Though indeed often intuition-driven, interest as a social construct that fits into legal framing is not incidental, indeterminate, or irrational. Incrementing and unfolding via interaction and competition with discourses and legal frames, interests bring in certainty, predictability, and determinacy to open-ended concepts of law.

Отражение идей Н.Я. Данилевского в «Стратегии национальной безопасности Российской Федерации»

The article provides a comparative analysis by the method of actual reconstruction of some theses of the Russian philosopher N.Ya. Danilevsky formulated in the book "Russia and Europe" with the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the comparison is to find common ideas, the foundations of the project of the civilizational future of Russia. We need to solve the following tasks. Firstly, to describe what the alignment of forces is seen on the geopolitical map of the world from the 19th and 21st centuries. Secondly, to determine in the sources how the key goals of social development coincide, which is the main reference point for society. Thirdly, a comparison of the reasons for the hostile attitude of the “collective West” towards Russia. Fourth, the identification of Russia's main geopolitical adversaries and their methods of action. Fifth, a comparison of the understanding of the authors of different eras of the traditional mass values of Russians, which can become the basis of a sustainable social consensus and a driver of development. Sixth, in response to current geopolitical challenges, to determine models for the future existence of Russia and Ukraine. The study of texts by a comparative method confirms their similarity, traditional Slavic values and position on Ukraine coincide significantly. As a result of the analysis, the hypothesis is partially confirmed, since the identity of the description of the geopolitical situation and proposals does not prove the identity of the challenges facing Russia. Possibly a 19th century text and documents of the 21st century influenced by a historical geopolitical contradiction, reproducing a permanent conflict between two dissimilar cultural (civilizational) types. It would be promising to compare the image of Russia in the eyes of European contemporaries N. Danilevsky and V. Putin.

Longitudinal Method of Researching the Results of the Educational Activities of a Teacher

Introduction to the problem. Scientists associate the modern development of longitudinal methods with the development of data analysis methods, which are determined at the stage of research planning, as well as when testing hypotheses about development, about long-term or delayed effects of experimental influences. In its most general form, longitudinal can be understood as a group of methods characterized, in contrast to cross-sectional studies, by the presence of several repeated measurements of one or more variables of interest to the researcher on the material of the same or similar groups of subjects. The purpose of the article is to determine the conditions for the effectiveness of the results of the educational activities of teachers, the development of the concept of the educational activities of the teacher as a factor in the humanization of the space of childhood. The longitudinal method in the field of education is described, when the teacher works steadily for a long time with the same group of children for a period of time sufficient to determine significant changes in their behavior, worldview, etc. Research results. The article includes an analysis of three sections: 1963–1966; 1967–1978; 1979–2011. The educational activity of a teacher (class teacher), aimed at humanizing the space of childhood, provides a process of step-by-step and systematic transformation of a spontaneously assembled group of children (participants in a longitudinal study) into a cohort: a group of associates, people strongly united by common ideas, goals and aspirations. Conclusion. The use of longitudinal methods in pedagogy is very promising: they help to trace the influence of external factors, various events or incidents on a child’s life over a certain period of time; give the teacher the opportunity to observe the child for a specific period of time, to record changes in his psychological, physical and mental state, to ensure the process of forming his personality, to study the properties of his character.

저항과 참회로 재현된 신체 서사의 의미

It has been more than three years since COVID-19 took over the global village. With the advent of modernity, it has been recognized that the management of an individual's 'body' determines the quality of life. The purpose of this study is to examine the meaning of the body narrative reproduced as resistance and repentance. Taking 『Frog(蛙)』 by Mo Yan(莫言) who won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature as the subject of the study, the methodology of carnal hermeneutics was applied to analyze how the body as a social phenomenon has been reproduced in the work at a moment in history when China implemented the ‘one-child policy’. The results of the analysis have found that one’s body controlled by the state, the resistance of civilians, and the way of the main character to repentance and atone were expressed through the author’s writing, leading to reflection and discussion of the Chinese people on the ‘one-child policy’. Through the body narrative, it was found that there is a common people's idea that values life.

Concept «circle» in the Slavic language picture of the world (based on the material of Russian and Polish)

The article is devoted to analyzing the concept circle in the Russian and the Polish language picture of the world. The main goal of the article is to identify the common and national-specific things in this part of the Slavic language picture of the world and to find the unity base. Using the logical-cognitive method, the means of verbalization of the concept circle, the semantic field of the concept and its structure, manifestations of regularity in the formation of secondary meanings, including in metaphors, ways of conceptualizing realities were identified and compared in two languages. The analysis shows that the concept circle in the Slavic language picture of the world has an invariant semantic structure consisting of a number of particular image-schemes connected by the principle of family similarity: configuration (form), isolation, center periphery, movement track. Each of the particular image-schemes accumulates a complex of meanings, which is the same in different Slavic languages. In spite of some differences in the means of embodying conceptual meanings, a deep unity of the means of verbalization has been found, caused by the unity of the way of understanding both the circle itself and many realities that are associated with the circle in various ways in both languages. The data of regular ambiguity (a similar formation of figurative values) confirm this thesis. Thus, the study shows the unity of this fragment in the linguistic picture of the world of the Russian and the Polish languages, based on common ideas about the circle and its properties in the culture of the two peoples.

MODERN CONCEPTS OF GAMIFICATION IMPLEMENTATION IN THE TRAINING SYSTEM FOR TEACHERS OF THE UKRAINIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES

The article clarifies that for the young people of the Zoom generation who have grown up in the age of the Internet, have unlimited access to any information and since childhood have been using digital technologies, classical higher education cannot provide everyone with necessary competencies and soft-skills by traditional methods. The study has defined that gamification is the introduction of computer games into educational activities, adding game elements to increase visualization, motivation training and, accordingly, the level of mastery of theoretical material, i.e. feedback with a student. It has been proved that gamification helps identify a leader and determine the level of training of an education seeker on this or that question (subject); unite students with a common language literary idea and direct all their efforts to its disclosure and representation; reduce the level of conflicts, and increase effectiveness of the educational process. The following components of the gamified process (user; accumulated points; game levels; ranking of participants; badges), forms (competitive, victorious and aesthetic) and services for introducing gamification into the education system (Alice, Scratch, Studio Code; CodeSchool; MotionMathGames; Mathematics; Spongelab; Kahoot!; Zombie-BasedLearning; MinecraftEdu; World of Classcraft (WoC); WildInternetWoods) have been characterized. The prerequisites for the implementation of the gamification method, to which the level of theoretical training of students, educational content, motivation of students of higher education to perform certain tasks, a level development of mental processes (thinking, perception, memory, attention, imagination and etc.) have been analyzed. The system of tasks, a quality control of which is organized by using games developed with the help of online Wordwall service has been developed and presented. The effectiveness of the implementation of the gamification method into the process of training of future teachers of the Ukrainian and English languages, which convincingly is represented by the diagram has been proved. Â

Materialism and life satisfaction relations between and within people over time: Results of a three‐wave longitudinal study

AbstractThe negative association between materialism and life satisfaction is well‐documented, but it is unclear what the directionality of the association is. To address this issue, we (a) conducted a three‐wave longitudinal study (N = 6551) over 3 years and examined the bidirectional relations between life satisfaction and materialism as a composite measure and with each of its three facets (happiness, success, and centrality), and (b) estimated Random Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Models (RI‐CLPMs) that separate inter‐ and intra‐individual effects and compared them with traditional CLPMs that do not. The traditional CLPM showed bidirectional negative associations between composite materialism and life satisfaction and strong negative bidirectional association for the happiness facet, but positive effects of the centrality facet on life satisfaction. However, and importantly, the RI‐CLPM revealed that these relations exist predominantly between people. Within people, materialism does not impact life satisfaction, but life satisfaction does impact the happiness facet negatively. These findings challenge common ideas that the direction of the effect is from materialism to life satisfaction and that it is unilaterally negative.