Common Histopathological Diagnosis Research Articles

Dry Medical Thoracoscopy with Artificial Pneumothorax Induction Using Veress Needle.

In the absence of, or minimal-volume pleural effusion, conventional medical thoracoscopy (MT) is often precluded by the risk of lung injury. Dry medical thoracoscopy (dry MT) aims to ameliorate these dangers by inducing an artificial pneumothorax via needle insufflation or blunt dissection. Veress needle is a device used by surgeons to induce pneumoperitoneum before laparoscopic surgeries, but is not commonly reported in dry MT. We present data from a series of 31 patients in which dry MT with artificial pneumothorax induction using Veress needle were performed under thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) guidance. Procedures were deemed technically successful if all the following criteria were met: (i) successful pneumothorax induction, allowing smooth insertion of semi-rigid thoracoscope during the procedure; (ii) no immediate significant procedural-related complications; and (iii) no delayed complications such as persistent air leak, defined as leakage lasting more than 5 days necessitating prolonged chest tube placement. Complete pneumothorax induction was successful in 25 cases (80.6% technical success rate); nevertheless, biopsies were successfully performed in all cases. The most common histopathological diagnosis was malignancy (n=9, 29.0%), followed by inflammatory pleuritis (n=8, 25.8%) and tuberculosis (n=8, 25.8%). No complications were reported secondary to the procedure. These findings suggest that TUS-guided dry MT with a Veress needle is technically feasible and safe in the hands of experienced MT performers who are competent in TUS.

Comparison of histopathological diagnoses of ENT diseases in the COVID-19 pandemic with other periods

Abstract OBJECTIVE. It is aimed to reveal the frequency of histopathological diagnosis in ENT diseases during the COVID-19 period and whether it is different from diagnoses in other periods. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The files of 1442 patients diagnosed with pathological material in the ENT clinic between 2017 and 2022 were retrospectively scanned. Two groups were created: the 1st group of patients between 2017-2019 (non-COVID-19 period) (Group 1) and the 2nd group of patients between 2020-2022 (COVID-19 period) (Group 2). RESULTS. Pathological samples were sent from 1163 patients in Group 1 and from 279 patients in Group 2. Of 1442 patients, 815 were male and 627 were female, and the mean age was 25 (3-94 years). There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age (p=0.001). There was no significant difference in terms of gender (p=0.756). The most common histopathological diagnoses in both periods were chronic tonsillitis lymphoid hyperplasia (bilateral tonsillectomy + adenoidectomy) (19.5%), chronic inflammation lymphoid hyperplasia (adenoidectomy) (19.3%) and nasal polyp (19.2%). The incidence of malignant tumors was found to be 1.4% in Group 1 and 2.8% in Group 2. The incidence of benign tumors was found to be 7.6% in Group 1 and 12.8% in Group 2. In terms of frequency, the ratio of malignant and benign tumors was higher in Group 2. CONCLUSION. The number of patients with histopathological diagnoses decreased due to the decrease in hospitalizations during the COVID-19 period. Delayed diagnosis in malignant pathologies significantly worsens the prognosis. All these results show that new cancer diagnostic strategies are needed for epidemic diseases such as COVID-19.

Altering Trends in Pathological Spectrum of Cholecystectomy Specimen: Time to be More Vigilant

Abstract Background: Gall bladder cancer is a rare, most common and aggressive malignancy of the biliary tree, accounting for 80%–90% of biliary tract cancers. Gallstones are one of the major causes of the development of cholecystitis and long-term malignancy in developing countries. Cholecystectomy specimens have a great value in documenting various entities with clinical significance. Early detection is the most important step in improving the prognosis of gall bladder carcinoma (GBC) screening. Aim: Clinico- pathological spectrum of cholecystectomy specimen and Incidence of malignancy and its precursor lesion with gallstones. Patient and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all gall bladder specimens (cholecystectomy, laparoscopic, open or radical) from the period of January 2019–January 2022, including demographic data of the patients such as age and sex. Additional findings, such as the presence of gallstones, cholesterolosis, gastric or intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and histopathological type of GBC, were documented. Results: A total of 1221 gall bladder specimens were received, with a higher female preponderance and a female-to-male ratio of 2.6:1. The mean age of presentation was 45 years. The most common histopathological diagnosis made was chronic cholecystitis (97%), and malignant cases accounted for 3% of the total cases. Conclusions: The high propensity of GBC with non-cholelithiasis cases, more than half of cases with metaplasia and increased incidence of adenosquamous carcinoma indicate a high burden of tumours, alerting the clinician as well as the pathologist.

Oncological outcomes of partial thickness calvarial resection for locally advanced scalp malignancies

ObjectiveTraditionally, locally advanced scalp malignancies have been managed through composite, full-thickness calvarial resection. The aim of this study is to explore the oncologic outcomes of partial calvarial resection for locally invasive scalp malignancies without medullary space invasion, employing a burr-down approach. Study designRetrospective case series. SettingTertiary referral center. MethodsThis study analyzed records of 26 adult patients diagnosed with scalp cancer that spread to the calvarial region. Data collected included demographics, medical history, adjuvant therapy details, imaging, surgical outcomes, and postoperative oncological results. Results26 patients with cancerous scalp lesions necessitating calvarial resection for deep margin control were identified in 22 men and 4 women. Mean age at diagnosis was 72.7 years. The most common histopathological diagnosis was Squamous cell carcinoma (n = 16). Partial removal of the calvarial lesions was achieved in all patients without any intraoperative complications. Twelve patients received adjuvant therapy consisting of the following modalities: radiation (6), chemotherapy (1), immunotherapy (1), a combination of immunotherapy and radiation (2), and a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy (2). There was a total of 7 recurrences: local (n = 3,11.5 %), regional (n = 3,11.5 %), distal (n = 1,3.8 %). Long term local control was achieved in (n = 23,88.4 %) of patients. The mean time of follow-up was 19.1 months, and the mean time to recurrence was 15.1 months. ConclusionPartial calvarial resection represents a viable, safe, and effective surgical technique for cancerous tissue removal, reducing risks associated with full thickness calvarial resection, and enhancing soft tissue healing when compared to the established gold standard.

Genotype-relevant neuroimaging features in low-grade epilepsy-associated tumors.

Low-grade epilepsy-associated tumors are the second most common histopathological diagnoses in cases of drug-resistant focal epilepsy. However, the connection between neuroimaging features and genetic alterations in these tumors is unclear, prompting an investigation into genotype-relevant neuroimaging characteristics. This study retrospectively analyzed neuroimaging and surgical specimens from 46 epilepsy patients with low-grade epilepsy-associated neuroepithelial tumors that had genetic mutations identified through panel sequencing to investigate their relationship to genotypes. Three distinct neuroimaging groups were established: Group 1 had indistinct borders and iso T1-weighted and slightly high or high T2-weighted signal intensities without a diffuse mass effect, associated with 93.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity to BRAF V600E mutations; Group 2 exhibited sharp borders and very or slightly low T1-weighted and very high T2-weighted signal intensities with a diffuse mass effect and 100% sensitivity and specificity for FGFR1 mutations; and Group 3 displayed various characteristics. Histopathological diagnoses including diffuse low-grade glioma and ganglioglioma showed no clear association with genotypes. Notably, postoperative seizure-free rates were higher in Group 1 tumors (BRAF V600E) than in Group 2 tumors (FGFR1). These findings suggest that tumor genotype may be predicted by neuroimaging before surgery, providing insights for personalized treatment approaches.

Safety and Efficacy of Biopsy in Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas

Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas are aggressive tumors that carry a poor prognosis with a 2-year survival rate of <10%. The imaging appearance is often pathognomonic, and surgical biopsy is not mandatory to initiate treatment in children. Studies of biopsy samples provide insight into the disease's molecular pathobiology and open prospects for targeted therapy. This study was conducted to determine the diagnostic yield and safety of stereotactic biopsies. This is a prospective observational study from a single tertiary health care center. All patients with clinical and radiological features diagnostic of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) who underwent biopsy from July 2018 to June 2023 were included. Biopsies were performed using either stereotactic frame-based, frameless, or endoscopic techniques. A total of 165 patients with DIPGs were evaluated in the study period. The option of biopsy with its associated risks and benefits was offered to all patients. A total of 76 biopsies were performed in 74 patients (40 children and 34 adults, including 2 repeat biopsies). The median age was 15 years. Diffuse midline gliomas, H3K27M altered, was the most common histopathological diagnosis (85% pediatric and 55.9% adults). The diagnostic efficacy of the procedure was 94.7%. The complication rate was 10.8%, with no permanent neurological deficits due to surgery. There was no procedure-related mortality. Establishing the safety of the procedure could be an important step toward popularizing the concept, which might offer a better understanding of the disease. Brainstem eloquence and a lack of direct benefit to patients are the primary obstacles to brainstem biopsy.

Clinical and Radiological Assessment of Patients with Lung Cancer Using Chest CT Scan: An Observational Study in a Barcelona Hospital, Spain

Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the most common and deadliest types of cancer in the world. Chest CT scan is an important diagnostic tool for detecting and evaluating lung cancer. This study aimed to assess the clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with lung cancer who underwent chest CT scans at Barcelona Hospital, Spain. Methods: This research is a retrospective observational study involving 1059 patients diagnosed with lung cancer who underwent chest CT scans between 2018-2023. Patient data were collected from electronic medical records, including demographic information, clinical symptoms, CT scan findings, and histopathological diagnosis results. Results: The most common clinical symptom was cough (83.0%), followed by shortness of breath (58.8%), chest pain (45.6%), coughing up blood (20.3%), and weight loss (17, 9%). The most common CT scan finding was lung nodules (80.6%), followed by consolidation (39.7%) and pleural effusion (26.9%). The most common histopathologic diagnosis was adenocarcinoma (40.4%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (29.5%), large cell carcinoma (17.9%), and neuroendocrine cell carcinoma (12.3%). Conclusion: This study provides an overview of the clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with lung cancer who underwent chest CT scans at the Barcelona Hospital, Spain. The findings of this study may help doctors in diagnosing and managing patients with lung cancer.

Clinicohistopathological Concordance of Cutaneous Granulomatous Disorders at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Granulomatous inflammatory pattern is a chronic inflammation with a limited number of possible conditions that cause it. Therefore, for treatment purposes, its diagnosis is mandatory. The overlapping clinical and histological features of granulomatous dermatitis demand a proper system of classification. The aetiology, histopathological granuloma patterns, and the morphology of various skin lesions can be informative and supportive towards their diagnosis. Aim: To determine the distribution of various cutaneous granulomatous disorders in the demographical region and their causative agents. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Histopathology section of the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Jammu and Kashmir, India over a period of five years (1st November 2014-31st October 2019) involving a prospective and retrospective analysis of 1,150 skin biopsies. A clinical diagnosis of Infectious Cutaneous Granulomatous Disorders (IGDS) was made in 560 cases included in the study. Out of 560 cases, the histopathological diagnosis of IGDS was confirmed in 361 cases. The aetiology and granuloma histology were studied. A clinicopathological agreement was established with the kappa test. Results: Leprosy was the most common histopathological diagnosis, with 343 out of 361 cases (95.01%), followed by tuberculosis with 9 out of 361 cases (2.49%). Leprosy subtypes included Lepromatous Leprosy (LL) in 75 cases (21.87%), followed by Borderline Tuberculoid (BT) in 71 cases (20.70%). Among the nine cases of cutaneous tuberculosis, Lupus Vulgaris (LV) was found in five cases (55.56%), followed by Scrofuloderma (SD) in three cases (33.33%), and Tuberculosis Cutis Orificialis (TCO) in one case (11.11%). The cases of leprosy showed maximum clinicopathological concordance in 343 cases (68.33%), with the BT type being the most concordant with the clinical diagnosis at 30 out of 64 cases (46.88%). A statistical analysis of kappa was applied to the subtypes of leprosy, and the observed kappa value was 0.3439, indicating agreement between histology and clinical diagnosis. Conclusion: Histopathological examination is the gold standard for diagnosing, categorising, and determining clinicopathological concordance of cutaneous granulomatous lesions. The wide spectrum of clinical differentials can be narrowed down. Although the importance of clinical examination and ancillary techniques for confirming the diagnosis cannot be denied, considering all aspects together can lead to a final conclusive diagnosis.

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase and Alpha Thalassemia/Mental Retardation, X-linked Mutation Status in Human Gliomas at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern India: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The molecular subtyping of human gliomas in the current World Health Organisation (WHO) 2021 classification highlights the diagnostic and prognostic significance of neoplastic entities. This subsequently contributes to a better understanding of immunohistochemistry markers in various glioma patients. Aim: The study aimed to determine the Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH1) gene mutation and Alpha Thalessemia/Mental retardation X-linked (ATRX) mutation in gliomas through immunohistochemistry and clinically categorise them into various subgroups. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology and Neurosurgery on 50 glioma samples collected from patients who underwent surgery at ESIC Medical College and Super Speciality Hospital in Hyderabad, Telangana, India from June 2018 to June 2023. Histopathological evaluation and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) study for IDH1 and Alpha Thalessemia/Mental retardation X-linked were performed on all patients. Clinical variables such as age, gender, duration of symptoms, and clinical presentation were collected from medical records and tabulated. Results: Total 50 cases of glioma were studied. The expression of IDH1 wild type was observed in 30 (60%) cases, which was more common than IDH1 mutation observed in 20 (40%) cases. The mean age in the study was 41.9 years, with a majority of male patients 33 (66%). IDH1 mutation was commonly observed in diffuse fibrillary astrocytomas (34%) followed by 12% of cases in anaplastic Astrocytomas. Glioblastoma was the most common histopathological diagnosis in 40% of cases, but the observed IDH mutation was least frequent in glioblastomas. Out of the 20 glioblastoma cases, only one tested positive for IDH mutation. In contrast, ATRX loss was predominantly seen in glioblastomas, with three out of the five positive cases. IDH1 mutation was more common in adults than in children, and a female preponderance (60%) was noted. ATRX mutation was observed in only 10% of cases. Conclusion: The IDH1 and ATRX are reliable prognostic markers, and their analysis through immunohistochemistry provides a practical and dependable method for categorising gliomas compared to molecular analysis, thus assisting clinicians in achieving promising treatment outcomes.

Histopathology of endometrium in women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding in Vindhya region

: Any alteration in frequency, flow duration/blood loss amount of menstruation is known as Abnormal uterine bleeding/AUB. Almost 30% of all patient attending gynaecology OPD are for AUB. This study was conducted in Vindhya region to study endometrial histopathology amongst women complaining of abnormal bleeding pattern: This retrospective study was conducted on 200 women presenting with AUB who undergone endometrial biopsy or hysterectomy in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department and sent to Histopathology section of Pathology department, SSMC, Rewa (MP) from Jan 2020 to June 2021. The formalin fixed specimens were received grossing done, followed by processing and then staining with H&amp; E stain, followed by microscopy. Data &amp; history was taken from the patient herself and attenders.: AUB was observed in all age groups. Menorrhagia (105 patients, 52.5%) was commonest bleeding pattern observed in cases of AUB, followed by Metrorrhagia (54 patients, 27%). In our study Proliferative endometrium (71 patients,35.5%) was most common histopathological diagnosis found, followed by Non-Atypical endometrial Hyperplasia (45 patients, 22.5%), Secretory phase (20 patients,10%), DPE (20 patients,10%), Atrophic endometrium (12 patients,6%), Exogenous hormone (pill endometrium 10 patients, 5%), Benign Adenomatous polyp (9 patients, 4.5%), Atypical endometrial Hyperplasia (5 patients, 2.5%), chronic endometritis (5 patients, 2.5%), Endometrial carcinoma (3 patients, 1.5%).Variable Histopathological findings are found in endometrial biopsy and curettage done in AUB patient. This study emphasizes the significance of endometrial biopsy and its histopathological diagnosis for proper patient management.

Clinicopathological pattern of breast lesions in children and adolescents.

Breast lesions are not common in children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to retrospectively survey the clinicopathological pattern of breast lesions in children and adolescents in our setting. This is a retrospective study of all breast specimens from children and adolescents that were histopathologically diagnosed in University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. The youngest patients seen were 11 years old, with mean age of 17.1 ± 1.91. The commonest clinical diagnoses were fibroadenoma (n=134, 72.4%). Thirty-five-point seven percent of the patients presented within 6 months of noticing the lump. The mean size of the lumps was 6.2cm ± 3.9. Fibroadenoma was the most common benign diagnosis and the most common histopathologic diagnosis in this study. The mean age of patients with fibroadenoma was 17.15±1.83. The pattern of breast lesions in adolescents in Uyo is similar to that from other parts of Nigeria.

Epidemiological and Histopathological Analysis of Head and Neck Cancers in Northern India- A Retrospective Review.

Head and neck malignancies are responsible for 30% of all cancers in India with a dramatic increase in numbers due to widespread tobacco consumption. This study aims to assess the epidemiological and histopathological spectrum of these tumors. A large retrospective review of 5469 biopsy-proven patients presenting between 2018 and 2022 with head and neck cancers was done. Tumors were analysed for distribution according to sites of presentations, gender, age and histopathological profiles. With a male-to-female ratio of 4.2:1, men constituted 80.80% of the study population. Mean age of presentation in women was 53.5 years, whereas men presented at an earlier age of 47.2 years. Oral cavity was the commonest site involved (59.7% cases) followed by the oropharynx (23.8% cases). Buccal mucosa was the commonest subsite involved with 1112 cases followed by tongue lesions with 1088 cases. Larynx was responsible for 17.04% of cases. All subsites were more commonly affected in men with the highest Male: Female ratio of 8.29:1 seen in larynx. The lowest ratio of 1.02:1 was seen in lesions of the face and scalp. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common histopathological diagnosis encountered in 88.97% of cases followed by basal cell carcinoma which was seen in 2.10% lesions. Oral cavity lesions constitute the bulk of head and neck cancer presentations in India. The disease is more prevalent in men overall and men present at a younger age in comparison to women. SCC is the most prominent histopathology encountered in our study.

Clinicopathological Evaluation of Gall-Bladder Lesions in Cholecystectomy Specimens with Special Emphasis to Incidentally Detected Cases of Gall-Bladder Carcinoma Along with Immunohistochemical Study of Cytokeratin 7 and Cytokeratin 20

Introduction: Cholecystectomy specimens show wide clinicopathological spectrum varying from common non neoplastic diseases to rare neoplastic lesions and histopathological examination the gold standard for final diagnosis. Gall Bladder Cancers (GBCs) are rare and account for 0.5% to 1.09% of all gall bladder lesions. It is either clinically suspected or incidentally diagnosed following cholecystectomy. Methods: It was a Hospital based cross-sectional Study. All cases diagnosed clinically &amp; radiologically and operated as cholecystitis were included in the study. Histopathological diagnosis of gallbladder lesions, age &amp; sex distribution in different gallbladder pathology, association with gall stones, Pathological pT staging of malignant cases and CK7 &amp; CK20 immunohistochemical findings in malignant cases were observed in this study. Results: A total 340 cases of gallbladder specimens were examined histopathologically and 12 cases of gallbladder carcinoma were diagnosed. The most common histopathological diagnosis was chronic cholecystitis (79.4%) followed by chronic cholecystitis with cholesterolosis (7.6%) and adenocarcinoma (3.5%). The most common age group for gallbladder lesions was 4th decade (26.2%). Age varies from 09 – 85 years with a mean age of 39.4 years. Overall females (83%) are more commonly affected than males (17%) with male: female ratio is 1:4.96. Gallstones were present in 89.1% among total cases, 83.3% in malignant cases. Incidentally detected gallbladder carcinoma was 1.17% and most common histopathological type was adenocarcinoma NOS with Pathological pT staging was pT1 &amp; pT2 only i.e. early stage. CK7 positivity was found in 91.6% cases and CK20 was positive in 16.7% cases. Both CK7 &amp; CK20 was positive in 16.7% and both CK7 &amp; CK20 was negative in one case (8.33%). Conclusions: Although the most common gall bladder histopathology diagnosis is chronic cholecystitis, the possibility of any incidental malignancy needs to be ruled out by mandatory routine histopathological examination of all cholecystectomy specimens.

Endoskopická submukózna disekcia v rekte – naša skúsenosť

Summary: Introduction: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an endoscopic treatment method for the removal of neoplastic lesions of the digestive tract. Thanks to this technique, we can achieve complete (en bloc) R0 endoscopic resection of even large lesions in one piece. We thereby obtain a valuable resection for further histopathological evaluation and, with a suitably chosen lesion, achieve a curative resection. Methods: Retrospective analysis of our file in the period 1/2020–01/2023. The primary objective was to determine how endoscopic evaluation and selection of included rectal lesions treated with the ESD technique correlates with histopathological results. The secondary objective was to determine the curability of the treatment we performed in our group of patients. We included lesions over 20 mm with the assumption of maximum invasion into the surface parts of the submucosa, i.e., JNET 2B. In addition, we included recurrent lesions in the scar after previous endoscopic or surgical treatment, submucosal lesions up to 20 mm and lesions smaller than 20 mm, especially in the lower rectum, which cannot be radically removed en bloc by loop-based techniques. Results: We included a total of 76 rectal lesions. JNET 2B lesions were 59 of them (77.6%). The most common histopathological diagnosis was high-grade dysplasia (HGD) in 35 (46%) cases. We achieved curative endoscopic resection in the majority (93.4%) of patients. Five patients (5.26%) required subsequent surgical or oncological therapy after ESD and further staging. Conclusion: The results of our work confirm the effectiveness of ESD as a therapeutic method suitable for achieving en bloc R0 resection of rectal lesions and thus their correct histopathological evaluation. However, the correct selection of patients remains crucial. Key words: endoscopic submucosa dissection – rectal lesions – curative resection

Profile of Patients with Oral Cavity Cancer Seen at the Department of Ear Nose Throat – Head and Neck Surgery of the Bicol Medical Center

ABSTRACT&#x0D; Objective: To determine the profile of patients with oral cavity cancer seen at the Ear, Nose and Throat – Head and Neck Surgery (ENT-HNS) Department of the Bicol Medical Center from January 2018 to December 2020.Methods: Design: Retrospective review of records Setting: Tertiary Government Training Hospital Participants: Medical records of patients with oral cavity lesions with malignant biopsy results seen at the Bicol Medical Center Department of ENT-HNS from January 2018 to December 2020.Results: Records of 42 patients were included, 30 (71%) male; 12 (29%) female with the mean age of 62 ± 10.02 (range 34 to 80 years old). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histopathologic diagnosis (38/42; 91%), mostly affecting the anterior tongue (16/42; 38%) and buccal regions (14/42; 33%). Most tumors were in advanced stages: 25/42 (59%) in stage IVA; 7 (17%) in stage IVB. A total of 61% (17) of 28 oral cavity cancer patients with recorded risk factors practiced a combination of two or three high risk habits (betel nut chewing, tobacco smoking, alcoholic beverage intake) and a third practiced all three (10/28; 36%).Conclusion: The profile of oral cavity cancer patients in our study is different from the reported profiles in Asia and European and US counterparts. Our profile patient is a married male farmer in the 7th decade of life with poor dental hygiene and advanced stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and buccal region, and combined habits of regular alcoholic beverage drinking, chronic tobacco smoking, and/or betel nut chewing, who lives in coastal or mountainous communities where access to health care may be limited.

Abstract 32: Epidemiological Characteristics and Histopathologic Patterns Cranial-Spinal Tumours (CSTs) at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) in the Lake Zone Region of Mwanza Tanzania in a Period of 8 Years

Abstract Purpose: To understand the epidemiological characteristics and histopathologic patterns cranial-spinal tumours (CSTs) at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) in the lake zone region of Mwanza Tanzania Methods: Patients who underwent biopsy (surgery for excision or incision of lesion) for different CSTs between January 2014 and June 2022 at BMC with valid histopathologic results were included in a retrospective database. Patients who had clinical and radiological diagnosis of central nervous system tumours without histopathological biopsy and patients who had primary biopsy not taken at our institution were excluded. Collected data included basic demographics, clinical presentation and histopathologic findings. Report on surgical outcomes and prognosis and mortality was not included due to lack of consistency in recordings and the retrospective nature on the study. Results: A total of 123 cranial spinal tumors in 63 (52.1%) males and 59 (47.1%) female patients were recorded. Pediatric and adult patients accounted for 35.8% and 64.2% of the cases, respectively. The predominant age group affected was between 40 and 49 years (23.5%). The most common histopathological diagnosis in the present study was meningioma (26%), followed by astrocytic tumors (13.8%), metastatic tumors (8.1%), lymphomas (5.7%) and medulloblastomas (5.7%). The meningothelial meningioma was the most common type of meningioma (48.5%). Glioblastoma Multiforme accounted for 35% of the astrocytic tumors. Conclusion: This retrospective study established a baseline profile of brain tumors based primarily on the histopathological experience at a tertiary care hospital in the lake zone region of Mwanza Tanzania and provides an initiating platform to workup for future population targeted studies on cranial spinal tumors. Citation Format: James Lubuulwa, Kristin Schroeder. Epidemiological Characteristics and Histopathologic Patterns Cranial-Spinal Tumours (CSTs) at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) in the Lake Zone Region of Mwanza Tanzania in a Period of 8 Years [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 32.

Robotic excision of posterior mediastinal neurogenic tumours: Technique and surgical outcomes.

Neurogenic tumours are the most common tumours of the posterior mediastinum and account for 75% of the tumours in this region. Till recently, open transthoracic approach has been the standard of care for their excision. Thoracoscopic excision of these tumours is being commonly employed because of lesser morbidity and shorter hospital stay. The robotic surgical system offers a potential advantage over conventional thoracoscopy. We herein report our technique and surgical outcomes of excision of posterior mediastinal tumours using the Da Vinci Robotic Surgical System. We retrospectively reviewed 20 patients who underwent Robotic Portal-Posterior Mediastinal Tumour (RP-PMT) Excision at our centre. The demographic data, clinical presentation, characteristics of the tumour, operative and post-operative variables including, total operative time, blood loss, conversion rate, duration of the chest tube, hospital stay and complications were noted. Twenty patients underwent RP-PMT Excision and were included in the study. The median age was 41.2 years. The most frequent presentation was chest pain. Schwannoma was the most common histopathological diagnosis. There were two conversions. The total operative time was 110 min with an average blood loss of 30 mL. Two patients developed complications. The postoperative hospital stay was 2.4 days. With a median follow-up of 36 months (6-48 months), all except patients are recurrence-free, except the patient with malignant nerve sheath tumour who developed local recurrence. Our study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of robotic surgery for posterior mediastinal neurogenic tumours with good surgical outcomes.

Histopathological spectrum of hyperpigmented skin lesions- A study in a tertiary hospital from western Uttar Pradesh

Hyperpigmented skin lesions are the cause of concern for general people and are commonest reason for dermatology consultation. An accurate histopathological diagnosis helps a dermatologist in appropriate management of such lesionsA retroprospective study of 100 cases of skin biopsies in hyperpigmented lesions was conducted from January 2020 to July 2021 at our institute. Inadequate skin biopsies, lesions of neoplastic or congenital etiology were excluded from the study. A clinico-histopathological correlation was also done.Out of 100 skin biopsies studied, most cases (50%) were in the age group of 21-40 years. Females were more affected than males; F:M ::1.27:1 and the most common histopathological diagnosis was Lichen planus and its variants (38%).Hyperpigmented skin lesions can be the only presentation of wide variety of the skin lesions. To make the diagnosis;proper and detailed history, clinical examination and microscopic examination of the biopsies is must which helps the doctor to treat the patients effectively.

A STUDY OF HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF HYPERPIGMENTED SKIN LESIONS IN ADULTS

Background: Hyperpigmentary skin disorders may be dened as increased pigmentation of the skin and/or mucus membranes. Pigmented skin lesions comprise a large component of most histopathologists' workload, and although there is a wide spectrum of histological appearances most can be reported as simple benign naevi. Pathologic examination often serves as a complementary or a conrmative part of the diagnosis. The histologybased treatment principles may be helpful for establishing a standardized treatment algorithm for hyperpigmented skin lesions. A prospective study was conducted to assess histomorphological features of hyperpi Methods: gmented skin lesions. The study included 60 patients for a duration of 2 years. Clinical history like age, sex, site, duration of the lesion, size of the lesion, signicant medical history, and clinical diagnosis were noted. Out of 60 cases, major Result: ity (40 %) were classical lichen planus and its variants. Most of cases were in the age group of 21–30 years and showed male preponderance with both upper and lower limbs as the most common site of distribution. In present study, Conclusion: hyperpigmented skin lesions were most common in males with lichen planus as the most common histopathological diagnosis. The histopathologic examination serves as a complementary or a conrmative part of diagnosis, which helps in management of these patients.

HISTO-PATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF SKIN LESIONS IN TERTIARY CARE CENTRE: A THREE YEAR STUDY

Introduction: The largest sensory organ of human body is the skin, which accounts for about 15% of total body weight. It is a complex organ having multiple functions. Primarily it acts as a barrier against various harmful environmental agents (1).Skin diseases affect all age groups and are much common in developing countries. In the field of dermatology, 2000 different skin diseases are well known(2) Objectives: The objectives of the study were as follows: (1) To estimate the prevalence of various non-neoplastic and neoplastic skin lesions in our tertiary care hospital. (2) To study the age and sex-wise distribution of non-neoplastic and neoplastic skin lesions. Methods: The present study comprised a total of 102 skin biopsies of non-neoplastic lesions and neoplastic skin lesions, relevant data like age, sex, and sites of skin lesion were obtained from request forms provided to histopathology section. Specimens received were fixed in 10% formalin. Biopsy bits were submitted as whole and processed in automated tissue processor for routine paraffin embedding. Results: Out of 102 biopsies that were analyzed, most belonged to 21- 60years with slight male predominance with a total of 85 cases being Non-Neoplastic skin lesions, of which Chronic dermatitis 18 (28.5%) was the most common histopathological diagnosis, followed by Hansens disease 21(24.7%) among granulomatous skin disease, and a total of 17 cases of neoplastic skin lesions were identified of which dermatofibroma 2(11.8%) and eccrine spiradenoma 2(11.8%) were the benign variants , and Squamous cell carcinoma 3(17.6%) was the most common malignant variant. Conclusion: Histopathological evaluation of skin biopsies holds gold standard technique for diagnosing various skin lesions and their microscopic evaluation helps in assessing variegated morphological features of different types of skin lesions.