Standards Committee Research Articles

A Study Investigating The Presence Of Diatoms On Tooth Samples Using The Acid Digestion Method For The Estimation Of Time Since Death In Drowning Cases

Teeth are a further source of diatoms in establishing the cause of death and time since death by analysis of the stage qualitative and quantitative evaluation of diatoms diversity. Trials also confirmed that diatoms have also been a useful tool in differentiating antemortem and postmortem drowning (Jian Zhao April 2014). Diatoms are a type of algae that belong to the phylum Bacillariophyta. They are unicellular organisms with a unique feature – their cell walls are made of silica, which gives them a glass-like appearance. Diatoms are a diverse group of microorganisms found in various aquatic environments, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and even damp soil. This study mainly focuses on a tooth immersed in a water sample from a known water body for a day and the 7th day to observe the variation and the stages of the life cycle. The method of extraction used is the acid digestion method using concentrated Sulphuric Acid. We could find the centric and pennate types of diatoms. Diatoms are also important as they indicate natural water quality (European Committee of Standardization 2004). According to the results, we cannot deny that teeth are a source for the extraction of diatoms and also an indicator of time since death when other methods fail.

State of Practice on Transcranial MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound: A Report from the ASNR Standards and Guidelines Committee and ACR Commission on Neuroradiology Workgroup.

Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) is a versatile, MR-guided, incisionless intervention with diagnostic and therapeutic applications for neurologic and psychiatric diseases. It is currently FDA-approved as a thermoablative treatment of essential tremor and Parkinson disease. However, other applications of FUS including BBB opening for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, sonodynamic therapy, histotripsy, and low-intensity focused ultrasound neuromodulation are all in clinical trials. While FUS targeting for essential tremor and Parkinson disease has classically relied on an indirect, landmark-based approach, development of novel, advanced MR imaging techniques such as DTI tractography and fast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recovery has the potential to improve individualized targeting and thus potentially enhance treatment response, decrease treatment times, and avoid adverse effects. As the technology advances and the number of clinical applications increases, the role of the neuroradiologist on a multidisciplinary team will be essential in pairing advanced structural and functional imaging to further this image-guided procedure via a precision medicine approach. This multi-institutional report, written by an experienced team of neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, and neurologists, summarizes current practices, the use of advanced imaging techniques for transcranial MR-guided high-intensity FUS, recommendations for clinical implementation, and emerging clinical indications.

Precise Modification of Organic Cations to Enhance the Moisture Stability and Luminescence Efficiency of Mn-Based Halides.

Eco-friendly organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides (OIMHs) are widely recognized as promising candidates for next-generation semiconductor materials. However, achieving inherent moisture stability in OIMHs remains a significant challenge due to the highly hygroscopic nature of the halide structures. In response, a strategy to precisely modify the organic cation (18-ACE: 4,13-diaza-18-crown 6-ether) was developed by introducing hydrophobic benzyl groups into 18-ACE, forming a protective layer that enhances the moisture stability of the OIMHs. Specifically, benzyl groups were incorporated into 18-ACE to create 18-ACE-Bn, which was then used as an organic component to construct zero-dimensional Mn-based (18-ACE)MnBr4 and (18-ACE-Bn)MnBr4·H2O, exhibiting photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 68.18% and 97.17%, respectively. Notably, (18-ACE-Bn)MnBr4·H2O demonstrates exceptional moisture stability compared to (18-ACE)MnBr4, retaining 97% of its initial PLQY even after 180 days of exposure to 70% relative humidity. Molecular dynamics and density functional theory calculations indicate that this superior stability is attributed to the terminal benzyl groups embedded within the inorganic framework, forming a compact structure with abundant weak interactions. Leveraging the unique spectral characteristics of (18-ACE-Bn)MnBr4·H2O, a high-performance WLED with a wide color gamut of 125.2% NTSC (National Television Standard Committee) was developed, highlighting its potential for backlight display applications.

The Advantages of Adopting the ISO/IEC 17025: 2017 Lab Management System in Calibration and Testing Laboratories

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards for testing and calibration laboratories are known as ISO/IEC17025:2017, which is the standard for laboratory certification. The testing laboratory's accreditation, the methods of execution, and the tangible advantages of working with such an organization. This study examined the advantages of ISO/IEC17025:2017 implementation in Chengalpat region's calibration and testing laboratories using a descriptive research design. The advantages of putting ISO/IEC 17025:2017 into practice are the main variable in the current study. The investigator utilized a method called purposive sampling. This research is based on a survey with 180 responses. After the data was gathered, analysis was done using SPSS 20. It has been found that to implement best practices and believe in the benefits, Top Management must fully understand the advantages of enacting the ISO/IEC 17025: 2017 Lab Management System, task and lab managers must fully understand the Lab Management System ISO/IEC 17025: 2017 implementation, the management tools for the Calibration and Testing Labs, the infrastructure that is being developed for the Labs, teams must collaborate, and accountability is linked to the Labs.

Efficient and Stable Narrowband Pure-Red Light-Emitting Diodes with Electroluminescence Efficiencies Exceeding 43.

Advanced multiresonance-induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials exhibit exceptional promise for applications in state-of-the-art organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) owing to their unique narrowband emissions and high luminescent efficiencies. Despite substantial progress with blue and green MR-TADF materials, the development of pure-red MR-TADF emitters has lagged behind, thereby hindering the advancement toward high-performance ultrahigh-definition OLED displays. Here, we propose an effective approach for designing pure-red MR-TADF molecules based on the integration of secondary electron-donating units and π-skeleton extension into MR cores, which enables not only a redshift of narrowband emission but also an acceleration of reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rate. The proof-of-the-concept emitter BNTPA showcases a bright and saturated red emission centered at 613 nm with a full-width at half-maximum of 0.14 eV, together with a more than twofold increase in the RISC rate. As a result, TADF OLEDs based on BNTPA achieved a record maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of up to 35.2% with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.657, 0.343), approaching the coordinates of the National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) red standard. Moreover, phosphor-assisted fluorescence devices exploiting BNTPA as a terminal emitter exhibit an exceptional EQEmax of 43.3%, accompanied by improved operational stability.

Standards Quiz Show: An Introduction to Using Standards in Serials & Electronic Resources Work

Standards are an important part of serials and electronic resources work, which makes standards important to NASIG. Beth Ashmore, Jen Montavon-Green, and Matthew Ragucci discuss the importance of standards to this work, the role of NASIG’s Standards Committee in representing NASIG’s interests to the standards community, and opportunities for others to get involved in shaping standards. Their program was a highly-interactive session which culminated in a Jeopardy!-style game show for session attendees.

STRUCTURAL AND LUMIENESCENT STUDY OF EUROPIUM (III) DOPED TUNGSTATES

Motivated by the need of new red phosphor for white - light - emitting diodes (WLEDs) application, Eu3+ doped Sc2-xInx(WO4)3 (x = 0, 1, 2) solid solutions were synthesized by high temperature solid - state reaction. Structural and luminescent properties were obtained by using X - ray diffraction (XRD), infrared and photoluminescence spectroscopic techniques. IR spectrum of the ScIn(WO4)3 doped with Eu3+ contains the characteristic vibrations of the WO4 and MeO6 , (Me = Sc, In) polyhedral, building the Sc2(WO4)3 and In2(WO4)3 structures. An effective energy transfer from the tungstate matrix to the active Eu3+ ion was observed. Intense red luminescence was obtained in these samples under excitation at 394 nm using the sharp 7F0 → 5L6 transition of Eu3+. The calculated asymmetric ratio ( 5D0 → 7F2 / 5D0 → 7F1 ) was about 7.5, suggesting that the obtained materials are characterized with distorted environment around the rare earth ion and with high red emission intensity. The prepared ScIn(WO4)3 solid solution demonstrates the highest emission intensity. The obtained chromaticity coordinates of the Eu3+ doped Sc2-xInx(WO4)3 solid solutions were very close to the red standard recommended by National Television Standards Committee (NTSC).

Spiro-Carbon-Locking and Sulfur-Embedding Strategy for Constructing Deep-Red Organic Electroluminescent Emitter with High Efficiency.

The discovery of multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials with remarkable narrowband emission has opened a new avenue for the development of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with high color purity. However, the lack of construction strategies for purely red MR-TADF materials significantly impedes their application in full-color high-definition displays. Herein, we propose a unique and handy approach of spiro-carbon-locking and sulfur-embedding strategy to modify the parent MR-TADF framework, resulting in a red MR-TADF emitter with high color purity. The reported MR-TADF molecule (namely, FSBN) demonstrates a pure red emission with an emission maximum of 621 nm in toluene solution. The OLED with FSBN as emitter exhibits Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.67, 0.33), which exactly matches the red standard defined by the National Television Standards Committee (NTSC). Importantly, the single-host OLED achieves a high power efficiency (PE) of up to 50.1 lm W-1, suggesting the potential for the development of low power consumption red OLEDs.

Spiro‐Carbon‐Locking and Sulfur‐Embedding Strategy for Constructing Deep‐Red Organic Electroluminescent Emitter with High Efficiency

The discovery of multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials with remarkable narrowband emission has opened a new avenue for the development of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with high color purity. However, the lack of construction strategies for purely red MR‐TADF materials significantly impedes their application in full‐color high‐definition displays. Herein, we propose a unique and handy approach of spiro‐carbon‐locking and sulfur‐embedding strategy to modify the parent MR‐TADF framework, resulting in a red MR‐TADF emitter with high color purity. The reported MR‐TADF molecule (namely, FSBN) demonstrates a pure red emission with an emission maximum of 621 nm in toluene solution. The OLED with FSBN as emitter exhibits Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.67, 0.33), which exactly matches the red standard defined by the National Television Standards Committee (NTSC). Importantly, the single‐host OLED achieves a high power efficiency (PE) of up to 50.1 lm W−1, suggesting the potential for the development of low power consumption red OLEDs.

Converging profile relationships for offshore wind speed and turbulence intensity

Abstract. This paper reduces uncertainty in the quantification of offshore wind speed and turbulence intensity. A range of industry standard relationships, including those from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO), are compared with an extensive set of met mast data collected offshore northwestern Europe over recent decades. Analysis initially focused on over 1000 independent storm peak events identified within the 10 min mean wind speed data. Time series and coherent vertical profiles were subjected to detailed scrutiny and analysis, considering wind speeds at various averaging periods, turbulence intensity and gust factors. Most peak events were associated with neutral atmospheric conditions, so they were well represented by the ISO Frøya profile, with a shear close to the IEC power law exponent of α= 0.11. A new pragmatic approximation of atmospheric stability in terms of relative shear is outlined, bringing together key elements of the IEC and ISO standards. New empirical relationships to quantify offshore wind ambient turbulence intensity are described. A simple generalised form of gust factor relationship is adopted, with a coefficient that varies with averaging period. Distinct recommendations are made for estimating peak 10 min mean winds from peaks in 1 or 3 h mean winds. Finally, a simplified workflow for the estimation of extreme offshore winds is used to show how IEC and ISO relationships can be effectively combined.

Mepacrine Flow Cytometry Assay for the Diagnosis of Platelet δ-granule Defects: Literature Review on Methods-Towards a Shared Detailed Protocol.

Accurate assessment of platelet secretion is essential for the diagnosis of inherited or acquired platelet function disorders and more specifically in identifying δ-storage pool disease. Mepacrine, a fluorescent dye, specifically accumulates in platelet δ-granules. The mepacrine flow cytometry (mepacrine FCM) assay has been used for more than half a century in the clinical laboratory as a diagnostic tool for platelet δ-granule disorders. The assay requires a small volume of blood, can be performed in thrombocytopenic patients, provides rapid assessment of δ-granule content and secretion, and, thus, enables differentiation between storage and release defects. There is however a broad heterogeneity in methods, reagents, and equipment used. Lack of standardization and limited data on analytical and clinical performances have led the 2022 ISTH SSC (International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Scientific and Standardization Committee) Subcommittee on Platelet Physiology expert consensus to rate this assay as simple but of uncertain value. Yet, the data used by experts to formulate the recommendations were not discussed and even not mentioned. Guidance for laboratory studies of platelet secretion assay would be very helpful for clinical laboratories and health authorities especially considering the implications of the new In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation in Europe. The purpose of the present work was to review the reported methodologies for the mepacrine FCM assay and to offer an example of detailed protocol. This would help standardization and pave the way for more rigorous comparative studies.

Dual-shell protection enables highly efficient and stable all-inorganic perovskite composites for light-emitting-diodes

Lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) present superior photoelectric properties, but the poor stability seriously hinders their practical application. The encapsulation of perovskite NCs inside mesoporous silica (m-SiO2) matrix is considered as one of the most feasible pathways to improve the stability of NCs. However, the challenges of loose encapsulation structure, aggregation of particles, high energy consumption during the preparation of CsPbX3@m-SiO2 composites have not yet been overcome, which throw a shadow over the large-scale commercial applications. Here, we present a dual-shell encapsulation strategy that enables the formation of highly emissive CsPbBr3@m-SiO2@SiO2 composites, achieving an exceptional photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 97.37 %. The reaction parameters for the preparation of composites are meticulous investigated. The CsPbBr3 NCs can be well formed inside the pores of m-SiO2 as the m-SiO2 is introduced into the precursor solution. The secondary SiO2 shells can effectively seal the open pores of m-SiO2. As a result, the as-prepared CsPbBr3@m-SiO2@SiO2 composites present excellent stability, in which the composites can maintain 93.16 % of initial intensity after storage for 84 days. Besides, a series of CsPbX3@m-SiO2@SiO2 composites with tunable emission wavelength in the range of 428.6–630.6 nm are prepared through facile designing the halide ratios of precursor solution, which present a wide color gamut (148.48 % of the National Television Standards Committee). In addition, a white light-emitting diode (LED) is fabricated by combining CsPbBr3@m-SiO2@SiO2 composites and K2SiF6:Mn4+ phosphors with a 455 nm LED chip, which exhibits good photoelectric performances. This facile low-temperature dual-shell encapsulation strategy reported here provides a new pathway for preparing high-performance perovskite composites, facilitating their practical photoelectric application.

High color purity aluminate phosphor SryCa1-x-yAl12O19: xEu2+ for lighting and backlight display applications

In the context of the rapid advances in electronic information technology, the advancement of novel high-efficiency narrow-band blue phosphors represents a pivotal step in the advancement of high-quality liquid crystal displays (LCDs), as well as the development of white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) with a reduced correlated color temperature (CCT). In this study, based on the sensitivity of Eu2+ emission to local environment, the alkaline earth aluminate material CaAl12O19 with high structural symmetry was selected as the matrix, and the symmetry of crystal structure was improved by replacing Ca2+ with Sr2+, the narrow-band emission of the phosphor is realized. The Sr0.9Ca0.09Al12O19: 0.01Eu2+ (SCAO: Eu2+) phosphor exhibited narrow-band emission with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 45.76 nm, and the colour purity of up to 95.46 %. Moreover, the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of SCAO: Eu2+ has been demonstrated to reach 81.70 %. In addition, SCAO: Eu2+ phosphor, (Ba, Sr)2SiO4: Eu2+ phosphor, CaAlSiN3: Eu2+ phosphor, and 275 nm UVLED chips were combined to prepare white LED devices exhibiting a low color temperature (3733 K). The three-band LEDs of SCAO: Eu2+, β-Sialon: Eu2+ and K2SiF6: Mn4+ exhibited a colour gamut covering 84.75 % of the National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) standard. This indicates that the phosphor possesses the characteristics of a highly effective narrow-band blue-light-emitting substance with considerable potential for utilization in lighting and backlighting displays.

IPNA consensus definitions for clinical trial outcomes in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.

Assessment of the true impact of therapeutic interventions is a challenge in the absence of universal, standardized definitions for clinical trial endpoints in children with kidney diseases. Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a difficult kidney disease to treat, with unremitting disease progressing to kidney failure. Currently, available therapies result in suboptimal cure rates. Clinical trials with innovative, targeted treatments will likely be conducted for this disease in the foreseeable future. An international consortium of the IPNA Best Practices and Standards Committee and the Pediatric Nephrology Expert Group of the conect4children (c4c) network developed through consensus, standardized, internationally acceptable definitions for trial outcomes for SRNS. The endpoint definitions were formulated for use with urine protein to creatinine ratios and estimated glomerular filtration rates. Definitions of complete remission, partial remission, non-remission of disease, reduction in proteinuria, kidney disease progression, kidney failure, and composite kidney outcome were refined using an iterative process until a consensus was achieved.

Understanding Standard Procedure in Auditory Brainstem Response: Importance of Normative Data.

The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a noninvasive test that measures neural activity in response to auditory stimuli. Racial differences in head shape have provided strong evidence for specific normative data and accurate device calibration. International standards emphasize the need for standardized procedures and references. This study aimed to outline the standard procedure and related normative ABR values. Standard procedures were performed according to International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards. Five studies from two countries were included to compare the normative values of the ABR. The dataset from the National Standard Reference Data Center (NSRDC) was used as reference. Normative values were described in terms of stimuli, latency, and amplitude. For click stimuli, the latency of the ABR showed different patterns across populations, such as those from Korea and the USA. Although the latencies reported by the NSRDC and for Koreans were relatively short, those reported for USA populations were longer. Using clicks, it was shown that the USA population had the largest ABR amplitude compared to those reported for the other two datasets. For Wave V latency using tone bursts, a similar pattern was identified with click stimuli. Frequency-specific trends were also observed. Although there is a lack of ABR datasets, the information and insights of the present study could be utilized as standard guidelines in research on ABR.

The measurement of tire-road noise: how does standardization contribute to the development of low noise pavements in Europe

Low-noise road pavements are among the most effective solutions for reducing road traffic noise emission at the source. There was a significant international effort over the past years for developing and standardizing methods for measuring tire-road noise emission, essentially Statistical Pass-By (SPB) and Close ProXimity (CPX) methods. The dedicated Working Group of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN/TC227/WG5) recently investigated how these standards are used in practice and how they contribute to the implementation of low-noise pavements. For this, a survey was launched and 14 European countries responded on their practices. The survey showed a large diversity of use, although all refer to the measurement methods SPB, CPX. Based on these methods, some countries have developed national regulations or reference guidelines to specify and assess the acoustic performance of road surfaces. These procedures are, however, significantly different and lead to varying definitions of low-noise pavements, which prevents sharing knowledge, experience and data. This context justifies the ongoing development within CEN/TC227/WG5 of a standard procedure for the acoustic characterization of road pavements based on existing measurement methods. The paper will present and analyze the results of the survey, then will present the ongoing work in CEN.

Information Standards and Guidelines on AI: Ethical Concerns, Trustworthiness, Quality Assessment, and Human Oversight

ABSTRACTThis panel, sponsored by the ASIS&T Standards Committee, has two purposes. First, the panel gives a brief report on the most recent activities of the national and international standards in the field of information science and technologies in which the ASIS&T Standards Committee and members have been involved. More importantly, the panel will focus on several recent significant standardization efforts that address the ethical concerns, trustworthiness, quality assessment, and human oversight of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. A final open discussion on these issues will involve the audience, to highlight the benefits, challenges, and standards needed while addressing the important role of information science within our evolving society.

Sustainability Rules

Europump’s Frank Ennenbach, chair of the association’s Standards Commission, looks at the latest sustainability standards impacting the pumps sector and how these are set to foster innovation and circularity

The Evolution Of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) And Its Impact On Global Business Practices

The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) have undergone significant evolution over the years, shaping the financial reporting on a global scale. The journey of IFRS began with the establishment of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) in 1973, which laid the foundation for international accounting harmonization. Over time, the IASC transformed into the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), which took on the responsibility of developing and issuing IFRS. The adoption of IFRS has become increasingly widespread, with many countries around the world either adopting the standards outright or converging their national standards with IFRS. One of the primary objectives of IFRS is to enhance the comparability, transparency, and reliability of financial reporting across borders. By providing a common set of accounting principles, IFRS facilitates better communication and understanding among stakeholders, including investors, creditors, regulators and other users of financial information. This standardization promotes efficiency in capital markets and encourages cross-border or cross-nation investment and business activities. IFRS is characterized by its principles-based approach, which emphasizes substance over form and allows for greater flexibility in financial reporting. Unlike rules-based standards, which prescribe specific treatments for various transactions, principles-based standards provide a framework for judgment, allowing preparers to alter their financial statements to reflect the economic reality of their transactions. The impact of IFRS extends beyond financial reporting to areas such as taxation, auditing, and regulatory compliance. While the adoption of IFRS has brought many benefits, it has also presented challenges for companies and regulators alike. The evolution of IFRS has had a profound impact on global business practices, promoting greater transparency, comparability, and efficiency in financial reporting. Through an examination of the evolution of IFRS, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of its profound influence on global business practices

GRNet:Geometry Restoration for G-PCC Compressed Point Clouds Using Auxiliary Density Signaling.

The lossy Geometry-based Point Cloud Compression (G-PCC) inevitably impairs the geometry information of point clouds, which deteriorates the quality of experience (QoE) in reconstruction and/or misleads decisions in tasks such as classification. To tackle it, this work proposes GRNet for the geometry restoration of G-PCC compressed large-scale point clouds. By analyzing the content characteristics of original and G-PCC compressed point clouds, we attribute the G-PCC distortion to two key factors: point vanishing and point displacement. Visible impairments on a point cloud are usually dominated by an individual factor or superimposed by both factors, which are determined by the density of the original point cloud. To this end, we employ two different models for coordinate reconstruction, termed Coordinate Expansion and Coordinate Refinement, to attack the point vanishing and displacement, respectively. In addition, 4-byte auxiliary density information is signaled in the bitstream to assist the selection of Coordinate Expansion, Coordinate Refinement, or their combination. Before being fed into the coordinate reconstruction module, the G-PCC compressed point cloud is first processed by a Feature Analysis Module for multiscale information fusion, in which kNN-based Transformer is leveraged at each scale to adaptively characterize neighborhood geometric dynamics for effective restoration. Following the common test conditions recommended in the MPEG standardization committee, GRNet significantly improves the G-PCC anchor and remarkably outperforms state-of-the-art methods on a great variety of point clouds (e.g., solid, dense, and sparse samples) both quantitatively and qualitatively. Meanwhile, GRNet runs fairly fast and uses a smaller-size model when compared with existing learning-based approaches, making it attractive to industry practitioners.