Commercial Casein Research Articles

Tests with Nicotine Activators

A series of field tests were conducted with nicotine in conjunction with the following ―Penetrol, Sunoco Oil, Volck Oil, Commercial Soap Flakes, Sodium Oleate, Potassium Oleate and Kayso Calcium Caseinate. The insects involved were the Spruce Gall Aphid( Adelges abietis L.), the Black Cherry Aphid ( Myzus cerasi Fabr.), the Spirea Aphid ( Aphis spiraecola Patch), and certain brown aphids on conifers. The tests indicate the influence of a complex of factors on the results of the various sprays.

The Occurrence in Chicks of a Paralysis of Nutritive Origin

In a recent report by Norris, Heuser and Wilgus1 attention was called to the occurrence of a peculiar paralysis in chicks, involving the legs and feet. The cause of this paralysis appeared to be of nutritive origin as it was obtained by feeding a semi-synthetic ration containing commercial casein, and prevented by supplementing this ration with a vitamin concentrate from milk. It was suggested, therefore, that milk contains a hitherto unrecognized factor, vitamin in nature, essential for the prevention of this paralysis.Hart, Kletzien, Scott and Halpin2 took exception to this report, stating that they had frequently obtained paralysis in chicks in their laboratory during the past five years apparently identical in symptoms to those obtained by Norris, Heuser and Wilgus on rations which contained liberal quantities of liquid milk or skimmilk powder. These investigators concluded that, if the symptoms are identical, “it is impossible to accept the conclusion of .

Relation of Diet to the Production of Dental Caries in Young Rats.

The effect of diet on dental integrity has been noted by several observers.,,, Dental caries has been observed to occur in adult rats receiving faulty diets.,, Desiring to correlate such experiments with the occurrence of dental caries in children, experiments were conducted with young rats, attempting to produce caries through dietary deficiencies. Rats from an inbred colony were used. Litter mates were assigned to various diets to be employed; the studies were instituted when the rats were 23 to 32 days of age, and continued from 27 to 51 days. Distilled water and food were furnished ad libitum. The rats were weighed twice weekly. At the end of the experimental period they were killed and the molars removed for examination. A summary of the results on the male animals will be found in the accompanying table. The female animals reacted in a comparable manner. Diet D1 consisted of commercial casein, 18%; hydrogenated fat, 20%; Osborne-Mendel salt mixture, 4%; cornstarch, 58%; vitamin B concentrate, 1%. Diet D4: Diet D1 plus 6% vitamin B concentrate plus 3 drops of cod liver oil daily. This was the control diet for this series. Diet E1 consisted of purified casein, 18%; hydrogenated fat, 20%; Osborne-Mendel salt mixture, 4%; cornstarch, 36%; dried yeast foam, 4%; and dried spinach, 10%. Diet E2: Diet E1 plus a daily dose of irradiated ergosterol supposedly equivalent to the amount of D given in the cod liver oil in diet D4. This was the control diet for this and the following series.

A Study of the Blacktongue Preventive Value of Leached Commercial Casein, Together with a Test of the Blacktongue Preventive Action of a High Protein Diet

A Study of the Blacktongue Preventive Value of Leached Commercial Casein, Together with a Test of the Blacktongue Preventive Action of a High Protein Diet

Influence of the Maternal Diet on Concentration of Hemoglobin of Nursing Young of Albino Rat.

In a recent communication1 we have reported on “Blood Formation of the Albino Rat on a Standard Dietary Regime”, of the following composition: whole wheat, 25; rolled oats, 26; yellow corn, 25; oil meal, 15; commercial casein, 5; cod liver oil, 1; CaCO3, 0.5; NaCl, 0.5; and a liberal supply of whole milk daily. On that ration, designated as stock diet 1, we found the concentration of hemoglobin of nursing baby rats appreciably below that reported by Williamson and Ets.2 We are now finding considerably higher values on a different type of diet, designated as ration 1145, of the following composition: casein (purified) 20; dehydrated baker's yeast (Northwestern), 10; McCollum's salt mixture No. 185, 4; butter fat, 5; and dextrin, 61. Our findings are submitted graphically in Chart I.All the lactating mothers were raised on stock diet 1. During the reproduction period the females were divided into 3 groups. One group was mated and allowed to rear the young on stock diet 1; another group was transferred durin...

Fundamental Food Requirements for Growth of Rat. V. Influence of Fat in Diet.

Evans and Burr have postulated the existence of a new vitamin, (F), revealed in part by subnormal growth of rats fed synthetic diets extremely low in fat, and containing sucrose as the source of carbohydrate. Although the first report of their work indicates that the casein and sucrose employed as sources of protein and energy require special purification in order to demonstrate the existence of the new vitamin, later, more detailed, reports show that little improvement is secured with commercial casein and sucrose. However, great improvement in growth is noted when fat is included in the diet or when liver or lettuce is fed in addition to the usual supplements of yeast and cod liver oil. Evans and Lepkovsky have offered a partial explanation of these results in the hypothesis of a sparing action of fat on the antineuritic vitamin requirement for growth, but this view does not explain the beneficial effects of the lettuce and liver. We present here the results of several experiments with rats fed diets containing various proportions of fat without lettuce or liver supplements. Data are given for both sexes. The casein was in all cases the highly purified product described elsewhere. Commercial sucrose was used in the sugar diets. The dextrin was tapioca autoclaved at 260° F. for at least 6 hours. All the fat diets contained at least 9% butterfat, the remainder of the fat being crisco or lard. Salt mixture, either McCollum's No. 185 or Osborne and Mendel's, comprised 4% of the diets. Except for Groups No. 4 and No. 9 each rat received separately each day pure dry yeast (Northwestern Yeast Company) and cod liver oil. The daily quantity of yeast was 600 mg. for Groups Nos. 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, and 10, 400 mg. for Group No. 9, 250 mg. for Group No. 1. The quantity of cod liver oil fed was 160 mg. for Groups Nos. 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, and 10, and 500 mg. for Group No. 9.

Destructive Distillation of Casein in a Partial Vacuum.

According to recent views, proteins are made up of heterocyclic complexes known to yield cyclic anhydrides when partially hydro-lyzed, and amino acids when completely hydrolyzed. Since the character of the decomposition products seems to depend upon the nature of the degradation process, the desirability of investigating the products formed by methods other than hydrolytic is apparent. The intention in the present work was to adapt the methods of Johnson and Daschavsky, to casein and, as far as possible, to obtain quantitative information in regard to the products of decomposition. Casein was selected as the basic material because it may readily be obtained in quantity. It was also desired to make a comparison between this relatively complete protein and silk fibroin. The distillation was conducted in an iron pipe 24 inches long and 3 ½ inches in diameter. The pipe was fitted at each end with an iron screw cap. An iron delivery tube, 20 inches long and ¾ inch in diameter, was threaded into the center of one of the caps. The screw caps were rendered gas tight by coating the threads with white lead. Graphite proved to be unsatisfactory for this purpose. Five hundred gram portions of white, finely powdered, commercial casein were heated in the iron pipe on an ordinary combustion furnace for each of the six runs. By slightly tilting the furnace, the molten material was prevented from clogging the delivery pipe. For collecting the liquid and gaseous products, 10 round bottom, side neck, Pyrex flasks were connected in series to the delivery tube. A manometer and a good water pump were attached to the terminal flask. An oil pump was used in some of the experiments but it was found to be unsatisfactory due to its failure to maintain a constant vacuum.