Comfort Level Of Passengers Research Articles

Acoustical properties of the new sandwich structures for aircraft cabin interiors with integrated vacuum insulation

AbstractAny modern passenger aircraft must provide a high level of comfort for passengers who spend considerable time inside the cabin. The cabin's climate and interior noise levels contribute to this comfort. Vacuum insulation panels (VIP) have been explored as insulation materials to improve these factors due to their extremely low thermal conductivity. When integrating VIPs into the aircraft cabin's interior, it was discovered that the thermal conductivity of the entire sandwich structure was 3–6 times lower than conventional structures. This finding has generated much interest in using VIPs for aircraft cabin insulation. This article delves into the acoustic properties of these new structures featuring integrated VIPs. Tests were carried out to analyze the sound insulation capabilities of these structures. The results showed that the new interior structures exhibited promising acoustic properties.

Remote control of the technical condition of metro trains using seismological tools

As urban road congestion increases and people shift to using the subway, the safety of under-ground transportation becomes a priority. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a monitoring sys-tem for subway trains to detect malfunctions that occur during operation. The article proposes an engineering seismology method for remote monitoring of the technical condition of metro trains based on the analysis of micro seismic vibrations. This method allows remote control of the dynamic parameters of each train and their deviations from the norm. The authors demonstrate how a seismic recorder placed in a building adjacent to a metro station can be used to monitor changes in the amplitude-frequency spectrum of vibro seismic recordings. It is used to determine the arrival and departure times of trains, and it is shown that observations are best made for departures due to their more pronounced signal amplitude. The recorded signal of a metro train should fall within a certain frequency range, which is determined based on its average values, and any deviation of the observed signal spectrum from this norm indicates changes in the train's condition. The proposed approach not only helps improve passenger safety, but also reduces the risk of emergencies associated with technical malfunctions of rolling stock. In the future, it is possible to develop software equipped with a database of statistical data, which will allow even more efficient control of metro operations and prompt response to any deviations, thus ensuring a high level of safety and comfort for passengers.

Analisis Kinerja Operasional Light Rail Transit (LRT) Stasiun Demang Kota Palembang

This research examines the operational performance and user satisfaction of the Light Rail Transit (LRT) mass transportation system in Palembang City, particularly on the LRT Demang Lebar Daun station corridor. The study involves the collection of primary and secondary data, including passenger numbers, waiting times, travel intervals, and travel times. The research results indicate that the average number of passengers per LRT station is approximately 10 passengers, resulting in a load factor ranging from 9% to 11%. While passenger comfort levels are relatively high, this low ridership may impact operational efficiency. The waiting times and travel intervals of the LRT are relatively short, enhancing passenger comfort, but warrant operational considerations. Furthermore, the study notes that the round-trip travel time on the LRT is approximately 2 hours, 33 minutes, and 57 seconds. However, limited parking facilities at the Demang Lebar Daun station can affect the interest in using the LRT. In order to improve operational performance and user satisfaction of the LRT, this research recommends an evaluation of travel intervals, waiting times, and daily LRT trip numbers. Additionally, improvements in parking facilities at LRT stations should be considered to enhance the convenience of using this mode of transportation.

Studi Motion Sickness Incidence (MSI) Pada Kapal Patroli (KAL-28) Katamaran

Motion sickness or seasickness is a condition caused by the movement of a ship that results in dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. The Motion Sickness Incidence (MSI) Study on the Patrol Catamaran (KAL-28) aims to evaluate the comfort level of passengers and the safety of the ship's crew during operations, following the ISO 2631/1997 standards. The evaluation is conducted on the vertical acceleration response of the ship under various wave conditions, speeds, and wave directions. Mapping is performed in various areas of the ship, including the deck, navigation room, and engine room, considering wave heights of 0.875 meters and 2 meters at speeds of 15 knots, 22.5 knots, and 30 knots. The research results indicate that at a speed of 15 knots, the deck area, navigation room, and engine room meet the criteria from comfortable to somewhat uncomfortable. However, at speeds of 22.5 knots and 30 knots, these areas are rated as somewhat uncomfortable to very uncomfortable. This study emphasizes the need for ship design that considers both passenger comfort and safety, especially for patrol catamarans

Study of the Vibration Isolation Properties of a Pneumatic Suspension System for the Seat of a Working Machine with Adjustable Stiffness

This paper presents a study of the vibration isolation properties of pneumatic suspension systems for work machinery seats, with a particular focus on adjustable stiffness. It highlights the contribution that semi-active seat suspension systems make to vibration reduction, ultimately leading to improved passenger comfort levels and increased safety for vehicle users. The primary objectives of the research were twofold: firstly, to identify the key parameters of the apneumatic vibration isolation system; and secondly, to evaluate its performance in improving vibration damping. This entailed the development of a mathematical model that would foreground the movement through simulations based on different initial pressures, thus enabling the accurate prediction of real-life scenarios concerning the vibration-damping characteristics of the seating system, taking into account the different design options available for working machine technology applied at the test bed level, of which the pneumatic isolator is an integral component. In the cognitive process, the verification and validation of the formulated theoretical model play an important role. This approach enables the behaviour of the actual system to be inferred from the results of simulation studies, thus allowing the design of an appropriate vibration control system. By simulating different air bellow pressures, the characteristics of the seat suspension system can be assessed. This study provides valuable insights into optimising the vibration-damping capability of the air suspension system.

Analysis and Assessment of Passenger Comfort Level in Sustainable Public Bus Transportation System

Passenger comfort and safety is one of the main factors in making the experience of using public transportation more comfortable and attractive to passengers. This study aims to assess facility design factors such as seats and handrails that are related to ergonomics, in addition to design factors, namely safety factors by identifying and minimizing hazards that can occur to passengers and procedures that need to be carried out in the event of an accident. To assess the comfort of passengers on the bus, it was measured using the Rapid whole-body assessment (REBA) guidelines, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and anthropometry to accurately measure body posture, as well as Quality Function Deployment (QFD). As the result, the new handle and passenger seat were proposed to comply with the ergonomic perspective. How much level of Customer satisfaction increase, can be seen in the result of this research. From using REBA Method there’s a change of score in value from before using our design customer posture got 4 for body posture evaluation score, and after using our design costumer posture score got 3 for body posture evaluation score. From using RULA method there’s a change of score in value from before using our design customer posture got 4 for body posture evaluation score, and after using our design costumer posture score got 2 for body posture evaluation score. It is concluded that the new design work and proof the new design was comply with ergonomic aspect. With this research, it will be beneficial for the sustainability of consumer comfort in Transjakarta public transportation. Because with the realization of the results of this research, improvements in Transjakarta public transportation facilities to support consumer comfort can be achieved and increase customer satisfaction.

Persona-PhysioSync AV: Personalized Interaction through Personality and Physiology Monitoring in Autonomous Vehicles.

The emergence of autonomous vehicles (AVs) marks a transformative leap in transportation technology. Central to the success of AVs is ensuring user safety, but this endeavor is accompanied by the challenge of establishing trust and acceptance of this novel technology. The traditional "one size fits all" approach to AVs may limit their broader societal, economic, and cultural impact. Here, we introduce the Persona-PhysioSync AV (PPS-AV). It adopts a comprehensive approach by combining personality traits with physiological and emotional indicators to personalize the AV experience to enhance trust and comfort. A significant aspect of the PPS-AV framework is its real-time monitoring of passenger engagement and comfort levels within AVs. It considers a passenger's personality traits and their interaction with physiological and emotional responses. The framework can alert passengers when their engagement drops to critical levels or when they exhibit low situational awareness, ensuring they regain attentiveness promptly, especially during Take-Over Request (TOR) events. This approach fosters a heightened sense of Human-Vehicle Interaction (HVI), thereby building trust in AV technology. While the PPS-AV framework currently provides a foundational level of state diagnosis, future developments are expected to include interaction protocols that utilize interfaces like haptic alerts, visual cues, and auditory signals. In summary, the PPS-AV framework is a pivotal tool for the future of autonomous transportation. By prioritizing safety, comfort, and trust, it aims to make AVs not just a mode of transport but a personalized and trusted experience for passengers, accelerating the adoption and societal integration of autonomous vehicles.

The problems of designing helicopters with regard to the requirements for cabin noise

High noise levels in helicopter cabins are currently an important problem in solving environmental problems in civil aviation. The published data indicate high noise levels in the cabins of operated helicopters of the order of 93-97.4 dBA, while noise levels of less than 80 dBA are safe for humans. In order to significantly reduce noise levels in helicopter cabins and ensure the required level of acoustic comfort for passengers, an integrated approach is proposed, consisting in the use of sound insulation and vibration damping materials in the on-board structure, as well as sound-absorbing structures configured to work effectively in the problematic frequency range of the helicopter passenger cabin.

Математическое моделирование адаптивного торможения высокоскоростного поезда с дисковым тормозом

Based on the analysis of the dependence of the brake pad pressure reserve coefficient on the speed of movement of the rolling stock, a simulation computer simulation of the adaptive braking control system of a high-speed train was performed. The dependence of the pressure in the brake cylinder on the set value of the coefficient is found. The simulation results showed that the use of the adaptive braking algorithm makes it possible to shorten the braking distance, reduce the likelihood of wheelsets jamming and ensure the comfort level of passengers when braking a train. The study was carried out within the framework of the state-sponsored project «Adaptive automatic control system with increased efficiency for passenger and high-speed trains» No. 121050600026-9 dated 06.05.2021.

Design of energy harvesting magneto-rheological fluid damper for vehicle

Modern vehicles must include dampers in the suspension system in order to absorb vibration energy while driving. Passive dampers have dominated the market for many years. To increase the passenger comfort levels, suspension systems with controlled dampers that can adjust to uneven road profiles are needed. Semi-active suspensions have emerged as one of the most popular modern damping solution types due to their ability to manage damping force. The semi-active suspension system of the car uses magneto-rheological (MR) dampers for vibration control. The MR damper consumes low energy, has quick response, and better controllability of the damping force. A part of the energy lost in vehicle dampers can be recovered due to developments in energy-harvesting devices. This regenerated energy can be used in vehicles to power a number of extra systems, such as lighting, heating and air conditioning, and other things. This research attempts to develop an MR fluid damper with energy-harvesting rack and pinion system. The purpose of this study is to design a suspension system that combines an MR fluid damper and an energy-harvesting rack and pinion system. The design calculation involves setting the design parameters for the system that harvests energy and the MR fluid damper. Also, static structural analysis is carried out for both systems using finite element analysis software.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ИЗГИБНЫХ КОЛЕБАНИЙ И АНАЛИЗ МЕТОДОВ ИХ ПОДАВЛЕНИЯ В КУЗОВАХ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ПАССАЖИРСКИХ ВАГОНОВ

The issues of increasing the passenger comfort level during railway transportation are considered. It is found out that the key factors for the comfort level are vertical vibrations of the body, and their intensity directly depends on the body bending stiffness. In turn, the first frequency and form of bending vibrations of the body can be taken as a criterion for evaluating bending stiffness. Design concepts aimed at increasing the comfort level of passengers and reducing the intensity of vibrations of car bodies are considered. Methods are analyzed that give the opportunity to increase the intrinsic frequency of the body bending vibrations by strengthening the metal structure of the body and making changes to the structure of its power frame, as well as by introducing specific inter-car connections. Methods of vibration isolation of the car bodies are reviewed by controlling damping in the car suspension system, as well as by reducing vibrations associated with the imbalance of wheel pairs. The experience of increasing the level of the com-fort due to the introduction of additional damping and the use of dynamic vibration damping systems has been studied. Advantages and disadvantages of the considered technical solutions are identified, as well as the experience of their use in real operation is evaluated. The analysis of the problem under consideration concerning engineering solutions for reducing bending vibrations of passenger car bodies shows the complexity of solving this problem, requiring the use of a set of theoretical and experimental studies, the choice of methods that take into account the features of the car designs and sources of vibration stimulation.

Analysis of Technical Properties of Small Passenger Ships in the Mediterranean Sea with Overview of Future Market Needs – Environmental and Comfort Issues

Coastal shipping is nowadays a very important research topic, where the em-phasis is mainly on the improvement of ship energy efficiency (reduction of fuel consumption) and its environmental performance. In line with this, the ship design procedure is being more complicated aiming to offer competitive products with high level of comfort for both crew and passengers, low operative costs and minimum environmental footprint. This paper reviews the technical properties of existing small passenger vessels in countries in the Mediterranean and future market needs for these vessels considering more stringent habitability criteria and future emission reduction targets. It represents an important step of a novel design procedure for small passenger vessels for Mediterranean, based on the modular principle. Analysis of technical properties of existing small passenger vessels has been made from data avail-able in the IHS Fairplay database. Beside overview of design requirements related to ship environmental friendliness and comfort, available countermeasures are reviewed.

Evaluation of Railway Passenger Comfort With Machine Learning

Railway passenger comfort has been considered a growingly important field to attract more passengers from other public transports such as air flights. To allow passengers and train companies to estimate the onboard passenger comfort level, we propose a phone-based hybrid machine learning (ML) model combining pre-train convolutional neural network as a feature extractor and support vector regressor as a predictor. To better demonstrate the capacity of the proposed model, two sub-models of the hybrid model and the same hybrid model but with non-pre-train feature extractor are adopted to be benchmarks. The raw field data is acquired from a corridor between the University of Birmingham station and Birmingham International station using phones, subsequently calculated to corresponding comfort level according to UIC 513. The four models are trained by the dataset in two domains – time domain and frequency domain, then optimized by random search and validated by 10-fold cross-validation. The proposed method yields the best performance with an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 0.988 ± 0.004, a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.028 ± 0.015, and a mean-absolute-error (MAE) of 0.02 ± 0.005. The results of this study underpin the possibility that the railway passenger has the access to quantify the level of comfort and the real-time assistance for the train driver to calibrate the driving style from the proposed system.

A feedforward air-conditioning energy management method for high-speed railway sleeper compartment

In this paper, we propose a feedforward air conditioning temperature control method for high-speed railway locomotives with sleeper compartments to improve energy efficiency. First, we construct the geometric model of two typical types of compartments and three types of passengers. Then, based on the analysis of possible passenger layout patterns in each compartment, we utilize computational fluid dynamics simulations to calculate the optimal air volume for each pattern. The optimal air volume is calculated to guarantee the passenger comfort level and reduce the energy cost. In addition, we adopt an image recognition method to detect the number and types of passengers in each compartment. Passenger layout patterns serve as independent variables to determine the corresponding optimal air volume. Finally, numerical simulations were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Investigation of the psychophysiological response of passengers of fast trains with the different comfort level

Introduction. To create a regulatory framework, including harmonized with European normative documents in terms of assessing passengers’ comfort, the standard of the enterprise STO RZD “Services in railway transport was developed. Rules for assessing the level of comfort of passengers on trains.” The objective of the study is to compare the indices of the comfort level of passengers, determined by the values of the accelerations acting on them, with the psychological sensations and physiological changes in the body arising in this case, depending on the rolling stock and the state of the track. Material and methods. The experiment using ECG monitoring devices was carried out in four groups of eleven people, six men and five women aged 30-55 years. Additionally, in each group, a psychological survey of 11 more passengers was carried out. All of them were staff members of the Russian Railways divisions. Results. When traveling on high-speed trains “Lastochka” and “Sapsan,” the respondents more often note drowsiness and an exhausted state’s progression. At the end of the trip, they often emphasize stiffness, discomfort, numbness, and numbness of the leg muscles, probably associated with an extended stay in a forced position in the absence of specific freedom movements. In the “lying” position, a person experiences less fatigue, which, according to the sensations, hardly differs from the conditions of a trip in a “sitting” position during short journeys. Regulatory changes in the cardiovascular system are manifested with the combined influence of uncanceled accelerations (the impact of centrifugal forces) and movement speed changes. Conclusion. Carrying out a questionnaire survey and physiological measurements of the dynamics of heart rate fluctuations on the investigated sections of the routes in combination with the obtained technical data on the nature of mobile rail vehicles’ movement confirm the absence of critical discomfort for passengers when traveling on passenger and high-speed trains. The calculated values of the average and constant comfort levels are consistent and do not require correction of the corresponding scales’ values.

Passenger arrival distribution model and riding guidance on an urban rail transit platform

Existing methods to improve the operational efficiency and service level of urban rail transit (URT) systems focus on forecasting passenger flow in macro networks and optimizing metro vehicle operation strategies. Among the factors affecting passenger comfort in vehicles, the passenger arrival distribution is the most direct but is not sufficiently taken into account. This study provides a riding guidance method for passengers on the URT platform to improve the uniformity of the passenger distribution among carriages. First, a passenger arrival distribution model is proposed on the basis of the influences of the queue length at the door, the number of people in the carriage and the travel distance on the passengers’ choice of carriage. Second, taking the maximum spatial comfort degree of every passenger as an objective, a passenger riding guidance model on the URT platform is proposed. Hefei Metro Line 2 is taken as an example for the numerical case study, and the results show that the guidance method can balance the passenger flow distribution and improve the spatial comfort level of passengers when the passenger flow is approximately 65 to 135 persons per 5 min.

A Qualitative Study on Providing Alternative Solutions for Handling the HSR Passenger\u2019s Luggage

The objective of this paper is to look at the problem of high-speed rail (HSR) passengers’ luggage and provide alternative solutions to improve luggage handling. A qualitative study is carried out to assess the current state of HSR practices, analyse existing issues with HSR passenger luggage and provide alternative solutions, including modification of the passenger unit, double-deck rolling stock, an additional train for transporting luggage, and repositioning of passenger seats. Four solutions are discussed that could solve the problem of HSR passenger luggage handling and evaluated from four aspects namely passengers, railway operator, cost and passenger comfort level. The solution of additional trains for transporting luggage may be the preferred solution when compared with other options, without compromising the comfort of the passengers or the profit of the railway company.

Study on the vibrational comfort of aircraft in formation flight

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the passenger comfort changes due to the wake turbulence impact from the formation flight (FF) leading aircraft, which can be a showstopper for the real application of FF to airliners.Design/methodology/approachTaking advantage of the overall aircraft design and optimization framework, as well as the module for FF assessment, the comfort level has been quantified for aircraft in solo flight and in FF according to ISO 2631–1 specifications concerning vibration total value.FindingsThe results showed that atmospheric turbulence intensity is the dominant factor in determining the passenger ride quality in comparison to the impact of formation wake flow. According to the preliminary results of this study, passengers seated away from the aircraft mass center encounter larger discomfort. In comparison to mass center, seats away from mass center also experience slightly stronger discomfort due to FF. The current simulation results show that FF is feasible without remarkably degrading passenger comfort level, which agrees well with the flight test results.Practical implicationsAs passenger comfort is crucial for civil transport application of FF, the study carried out within this manuscript can give a preliminary indication to the showstopper of FF real-world application.Originality/valueThe proposed strategy can provide quantitative values for judging the possible drawbacks of FF, i.e. passenger comfort issues as mentioned in the literature. On the other hand, the aircraft level study based on reliable data and methods can give important insight for this interesting topic and further help the real-world application of FF for commercial aircraft. In addition, it can serve as preliminary studies for further design and operation modifications for aircraft in FF.

Passenger comfort and ozone pollution exposure in an air-conditioned bus microenvironment.

Ground-level ozone is the primary source of air pollution in China, particularly during the warmer months. In this study, we investigated the exposure status of ozone pollution and the temperature distribution in an air-conditioned bus in Jinan during the evening peak period based on field measurements obtained with a handheld portable particle counter and indigo disulfonate spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis showed that the passengers experienced poor air quality within the confines of the bus due to the poor air quality outside. Furthermore, the level of passenger comfort was dissatisfactory because of the high temperature, thereby highlighting the urgent need to improve the current situation. Numerical simulations were conducted using FLUENT software to explore the impacts of the air supply angle, the opening and closing of the bus door, and the chemical reaction between ozone and its precursors on the diffusion and distribution of ozone, the temperature, and the airflow field. The results indicated that high concentrations of ozone were present in the middle and front regions of the bus. Pollution can be reduced by keeping the bus door open for no longer than 20s when waiting for other passengers, and the best optimization effect in relation to the temperature and passenger comfort was determined as an air supply angle of 30°. In addition, the average individual daily intake of ozone was combined with other relevant parameters to assess the exposure level. It is recommended that the elderly and children should avoid peak time travel to reduce their exposure to ozone (inhalation dose values > 60μg/m3 and > 56μg/m3 according to simulations, respectively). These findings are expected to effectively improve the air quality and passenger comfort levels in busses, thereby protecting the health of passengers and reducing carbon usage.

Study on an Energy-Harvesting Magnetorheological Damper System in Parallel Configuration for Lightweight Battery-Operated Automobiles

Suspension dampers are extremely critical for modern automobiles for absorbing vibrational energy while in operation. For years now, the viscous passive damper has been dominant. However, there is a constant need to improve and revolutionize the damping technology to adapt to modern road conditions and for better performance. Controlled shock absorbers capable of adapting to uneven road profiles are required to meet this challenge and enhance the passenger comfort level. Among the many types of modern damping solutions, magnetorheological (MR) dampers have gained prominence, considering their damping force control capability, fast adjustable response, and low energy consumption. Advancements in energy-harvesting technologies allow for the regeneration of a portion of energy dissipated in automotive dampers. While the amount of regenerated energy is often insufficient for regular automobiles, it could prove to be vital to support lightweight battery-operated vehicles. In battery-operated vehicles, this regenerated energy can be used for powering several secondary systems, including lighting, heating, air conditioning, and so on. This research focuses on developing a hybrid smart suspension system that combines the MR damping technology along with an electromagnetic induction (EMI)-based energy-harvesting system for applications in lightweight battery-operated vehicles. The research involves the extensive designing, numerical simulation, fabrication, and testing of the proposed smart suspension system. The development of the proposed damping system would help advance the harvesting of clean energy and enhance the performance and affordability of future battery-operated vehicles.