Comfort Aspect Research Articles

Occupancy Comfort Evaluation in Green Building Rating Tools in Malaysia: A Comparative Review

Passive design strategy is the approach that maximizing utilization of natural resources to achieve occupancy comfort which covers the thermal comfort, visual comfort and acoustic comfort while minimizing secondary energy usage. Adapting passive design strategy during building design-stage is beneficial in reducing energy load of the building for long term, furthermore to reduce the energy consumption in day to day building operation. Applying Green Building Rating Tools, GBRT promotes passive design strategy for non-residential building and will assist the building designer to comply with the local and international standard. The minimum requirement of occupancy comfort is captured in GBRT rating system with different approach and intension of the system. This review summarize the coverage of passive design strategy sectors for non-residential building in Malaysia by comparing three GBRT system namely Green Building Index, GBI NCNR, MyCREST ICSAS and GreenRE NRB system. GreenRE NRB seems more aggressive in occupancy comfort evaluation compared to GBI NCNR and MyCREST ICSAS. GreenRE allocates 48.7% of total marks focus on occupancy comfort aspect while GBI and MyCREST allocates 14% and 13.2% respectively from the total score. MyCrest had enforce the mandatory compliance of OTTV, RTTV and Uroof to meet baseline requirement as per MS1525:2019 with zero marks allocation. Based on marks percentage allocation, GBI and MyCrest prioritizing visual comfort while GreenRE give more focus on thermal comfort with higher marks allocation. All rating system give less focus on acoustic comfort. On average, 16.3% of marks covers the thermal comfort, 9% covers visual comfort and 1% cover acoustic comfort. GBI and MyCrest focus more on green building materials which covers the building lifecycle includes water management and waste disposal. All system contributes to Malaysia-UNFCCC ratification of Paris Agreement on 45% GHG reduction in longer runs.

The comfort level in breast cancer patients’ based on patients’ characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: Comfort level in breast cancer patients is one of the most critical factors influencing patient’s treatment commitment. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various sectors, especially health status.
 Objectives: This study aims to describe patients' comfort levels during the COVID-19 pandemic and to investigate the relationship between patients’ characteristics and comfort levels.
 Methods: This study involved 108 respondents using a consecutive sampling technique at one time (cross-sectional). The research instrument was Comfort Assessment Breast Cancer Instrument (CABCI). The data were analyzed using Chi-Square.
 Results: The results showed that the comfort level in this study is categorized as comfortable. The best comfort aspect is the environmental aspect and the least is the physical aspect. In addition, there are two variables related to comfort, treatment (p = 0.007; α = 0.05) and treatment room (p = 0.000; α = 0.05). The best comfort level was found in chemotherapy treatment and outpatient rooms. Patients feel comfortable with a neat, clean, conducive hospital environment and the implementation of health protocols. These aspects could effectively prevent the spread of COVID-19.
 Conclusions: The results of this study recommend nursing services to optimize all aspects of comfort, which could still be improved. Interventions that maintain or improve comfort will optimize patients’ health conditions.

Exploring the Comfort Aspect of Self Eficacy for Sustainable Tourism in Pangururan District, Samosir Regency, Indonesia

Tourism initiatives that benefit both local populations and tourists contribute to long-term tourism growth. In order to build sustainable tourism, tourist locations must prioritize comfort. Comfort is extremely important in the tourist sector. It has a significant impact on travelers' decisions to visit touristic sites. Noise, cleanliness, traffic (both human and vehicle), the availability of public amenities, and local social contact all have an impact on comfort in the tourist industry. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of self-efficacy in the comfort zone of sustainable tourism in Indonesia's Pangururan District and Samosir Regency. A mixed method approach was used, involving the distribution of 268 questionnaires to visitors and residents, as well as interviews with representatives from the Samosir Regency. The results of the study show that self-efficacy comfort levels fall short of what is required for sustainable tourism. Reasonably high standards are met by the public facilities, which include parking spaces, roads, walkways, trash storage places, clean water, and information signs in both local and foreign languages. However, the degree of support for individuals with disabilities, waste disposal, and recycling activities falls short of the adequate standards. Thus, it is imperative to take more significant steps to ensure that all tourists can access and enjoy tourist destinations without any inconvenience. The recommendations for infrastructure and facility improvements are necessary to meet sustainable tourism standards and enhance the comfort aspect of tourism in the Pangururan District.

The willingness-to-walk to access public transit in Indonesia

In order to support the implementation of public transportation, an understanding of people’s interest in walking is essential. The farther people’s walking distance means public transportation will have a larger catchment area. This study aims to get parameters that can be used to improve walking distance in Balikpapan (Indonesia). Data collection in this study was carried out through stated preference surveys to 800 respondents divided into 400 motorcycle users and 400 car users. The data were analysed using the Binary Logistics Regression Analysis method, and the result shows that the respondent’s walking distance was 300 meters with a probability of 47% (motorcycle) and 59% (car). The result shows that two aspects significantly influence the willingness to walk, comfort and aesthetics. So, the strategies that are prepared to increase willingness to walk can be started by providing street furniture to support the comfort aspect and planting trees and plants to add aesthetic value.

Thermal and Humidity Control System in Interior as Climate Responsive Design (Case Study: Rectorate Building of Widya Mandira University in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara)

Design of an interior space is user centered. The controlled thermal and humidity of a room by a data according to standards can meet the needs and comfort of users. The interior of the room is designed as a response to the environmental conditions in which the room designed. The study was conducted to examine how the implementation of thermal and humidity control system in the interior can maximize the comfort aspect of the user. Descriptive qualitative method with an experimental approach used in the study. Data was collected through previous literacy studies and field visit of object of study case, which is Rectorate Building of Widya Mandira University in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. This research aims to indicate how an implementation of system in interior design can be an answer to the state of the surrounding environment and becomes a climate responsive design. The results of this study can be used as future approach of smart building in responsive climate design.

Does the Quality of Service affect the Loyalty of Sharia Hotel Guests?

The purpose of this study was to show the effect of service quality on the loyalty of sharia hotel guests in the city of Bandung. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with a research sample of 110 respondents. The data analysis technique used is linear regression with SPSS software version 22. Based on the results of linear regression analysis, this study shows that service quality has a significant effect on the loyalty of sharia hotel guests in the city of Bandung. The implication of this study shows that the service quality variable has a direct effect on increasing the loyalty of sharia hotel guests in the city of Bandung. However, this study implies the need for better service quality in sharia hotels, especially in the comfort aspect. This research is expected to provide benefits for sharia-based lodging service business actors to be able to continue to improve their service quality strategy.

Analysis of Skin Protection from the Dangers of Sun Exposure Using Color Variations and Types of Cotton Fabrics

Cotton fabric is a comfortable clothing material to wear in tropical climates. In addition to the comfort aspect, cotton cloth is expected to be able to protect the skin from the dangers of sun exposure. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the optimum amount of protection produced by cotton cloth, determining the type and color of cotton cloth that is most effectively used as a protector, and knowing the SPF (sun protection factor) value category based on the type and color of cotton cloth. This study used three types of cotton cloth, each consisting of four colors, as well as a Digital Environment Multimeter which was used to measure the intensity of sunlight in units of lux. The protection value is obtained by comparing the intensity of sunlight without a cotton cloth protector (lux) with the intensity of sunlight using a cotton cloth protector (lux). The results obtained show that the most optimum protection value is found in black toyobo cotton cloth with an SPF value of 54.4 and a transmittance of 1.8%. The cotton fabrics that provided the most effective protection based on type and color were black and blue toyobo, medina and Japanese cotton fabrics. Based on the SPF value obtained, it can be seen that black and blue toyobo cotton fabrics, and black madinah cotton fabrics have a very good protection category. The black and blue Japanese cotton fabrics, as well as the blue medina type, have a good protection category, while the orange Toyobo cotton fabrics have a sufficient protection category.

Assessment of comfort property of jute-cotton blend denim trousers after repetitive laundering

In this analysis jute cotton blend denims performance at enzyme wash to 35 times respective laundering, in friction and roughness properties where 5 times laundered sample showed smoother surface in both inner and outer surface. In bending properties, 5 times laundered sample was found second lowest Bending Average Rigidity (BAR) and Bending Work (BW). In compression, highest Compression Average Rigidity (CAR), Recovery Average Rigidity(RAR) and less energy requirement Compression work (CW) to compress in both inner and outer surface was found in 5 times laundered sample. In Sensorial Comfort Aspect (SCA), 5 times laundered sample was found smoother surface property, quite higher bending property and higher compression average rigidity. Therefore, 5 times laundered sample was good sensorial comfort among all the samples. In Maximum Thermal Flux (MTF), 20 times laundered sample gives most warm feeling at inner surface because it provides minimum heat flux which ensure warmness in skin-garment micro environment. For thermo physiological comfort aspect, only 20 times repetitive laundered sample found maximum thermo physiological comfort among all samples. Thus, Jute-Cotton blend denims performance at enzyme wash to 35 times repetitive laundering up to 20 times repetitive laundering sample reported good results and the protruding fibre of jute was visible excessively on the surface.

Analisis Comfort dan Kualitas Tidur Orang Dengan HIV/AIDS

The case of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)/AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is not only a problem in Indonesia but has reached the global area. This affects the basic needs of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) ranging from physical needs, a sense of security, comfort, self-actualization, and especially sleep. PLWHA often experience sleep disturbances so which can cause a lack of sleep quality. PLWHA Comfort is a matter of concern in achieving quality sleep. It is necessary to identify the correlation of comfort of and sleep quality. This study aims to determine the correlation of comfort and sleep quality of among HIV/AIDS patients. This study used a cross-sectional approach involving 68 respondents through purposive sampling. The instruments used are the Shortened General Comfort Questionnaire (SGCQ) and the Pitsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Bivariate analysis using the Spearman test obtained a p-value of 0.019 (<0.05). The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between comfort and sleep quality of PLWHA. Attention is needed in efforts to improve the quality of sleep of PLWHA by paying attention to the comfort aspect. Future research can explore other related factors or the development of nursing interventions.

Greenship Assessment of Indoor Health and Comfort at Greenhub Suited Offices

Implementation of Green Building can reduce global warming and create health and comfort workplace in order to improve employee performance. Greenhub Suited Office has the potential to get high points in achieving the Indoor Health and Comfort Aspect on the Greenship Interior Space 1.0. This research was done during work activities with 60% occupancy rate. This paper aims to analyze the achievements on indoor health and comfort aspect based on the Greenship rating tools Interior Space version 1.0. The descriptive approach on this reasearch was implemented by collecting data through the interview with an expert and occupants, literature study, the data retrieval with comparative study according to GBCI standard, fields survey directly, and field measurements. Based on the assessment, almost all the Indoor health and comfort criterias had been achieved by Greenhub Suited Offices. The results showed that Greenhub obtained a total index of 23 points with a percentage of 85%. Greenhub must earn 85% of Greenship Rating Tools percentage for the other five aspects on the GBCI standard to get a platinum rating.

The Implication of Solar Chimney for Enhanced Stack Ventilation

In this study the effect of a solar chimney in enhancing the stack ventilation in an e-Bike Prototype Assembly building is analyzed. The Study area is Birgunj, Nepal. Natural ventilation in the existing plans is studied and compared with an alternate scenario of incorporating a solar chimney. Various parameters like temperature (Air, operative and radiant), pressure and velocity distribution, and comfort parameters (PPM and PPD) are compared. The DesignBuilder software is used to analyze natural ventilation. DesignBuilder internal CFD analysis is used to study the effect of solar chimney as a part of the building on the natural ventilation. Results show that there is significant improvement in ACH and air movement inside the building with incorporation of Solar Chimney. The PPD analysis results show that the comfort aspect is not only related to a single parameter like the air flow, temperature and pressure differential but a combination of these. The design of solar chimney should not only focus to improve a single aspect but a combination of the entire parameters for overall comfort. The study also shows that internal CFD analysis can be effectively used to predict internal condition of a building. The performance of Solar Chimney can be measured either or wholly in terms of air movement/air flow, temperature and velocity distribution and also thermal comfort parameters like PPD and PMV.

Occupant preferences on the interaction with human-centered control systems in school buildings

Human-centered control systems in buildings have gained increasing attention in recent years as they foster the integration of user preferences in the decision-making control algorithm. However, such advanced systems are built upon the assumption that occupants are willing to interact as data providers. Introducing technologies reliant on feedback from the users, without initially analysing how users accept them, can lead to impeding the anticipated operation of such systems. Hence, this rare interdisciplinary research presents a nexus of technical and social sciences, that addresses the occupant-related misconceptions regarding the interaction with advanced control systems. This study identifies the occupant preferences and provides a method to predict the willingness of occupants to interact with advanced control for indoor environment control and demand-response actions. Additionally, the proposed approach enables to identify the main drivers and motivators of that interaction. This study is built upon the behavioural science theory called the Theory of Planned Behaviour and 435 school building occupants participated in the study. The findings from this pertinent research show that many common concepts in the building control domain do not comply with the occupants’ viewpoint and need to be reconsidered. For instance, in the post-pandemic era, the most important comfort aspect according to the occupants is the indoor air quality compared to thermal and visual comfort. Furthermore, although higher automation levels are desired, control access through advanced technologies, such as human-centered control, is not easily accepted by occupants. Hence, their willingness for interaction should be predicted instead of assuming that occupants will share data with advanced control systems. The proposed model in this research has predictive potential and yielded an explained variance of 58%, showing that the target occupants of the building are willing to interact with the controller. These findings are important to researchers and practitioners who design and develop human-centered control systems to foresee the engagement level of occupants in indoor environment control or demand-response actions.

Penerapan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process Dalam Mengetahui Kriteria Minat Masyarakat Terhadap Penggunaan Automated People Mover System

<p><strong>PT. Angkasa Pura II Soekarno Hatta Airport branch office provides facilities in the form of an <em>Automated People Mover System</em> (APMS) or <em>Skytrain</em>. The facility is an unmanned flyover that functions as a facility in moving between terminals at Soekarno Hatta Airport. The <em>Automated People Mover System</em> (APMS) facility is connected to the airport train through <em>an integrated building</em>, making it easier for passengers to go to or from the Soekarno Hatta airport terminal. The purpose of this study was to determine the criteria for public interest in the use of the <em>Automated People Mover System</em> (APMS) based on the criteria used by researchers. The criteria of the research are aspects of ease/accessibility, comfort, security and time efficiency. The study used a mixed method approach in the form of collecting data from filling out questionnaires and interviews with a number of sources, namely experts in charge of <em>service</em> and <em>facility</em> <em>Automated People Mover System</em> (APMS). The methodology in this study uses the <em>Analytical Hierarchy Process</em> analysis tool <em>super decision software</em> version 2.10.0. The results of the study indicate that the criteria for public interest in the use of the <em>Automated People Mover System</em> (APMS) is to prioritize the convenience criteria over other criteria. The weight or value of the criteria used is the highest criterion is the comfort aspect with a weight of 37%, then the security aspect 22%, then the ease/accessibility aspect 21% and the time efficiency aspect 19%.</strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong> - <em>APMS, Soekarno Hatta Airport, Facility, AHP, Super Decisio</em></p>

Assessment of building reliability in the Gedung Kuliah Bersama (GKB) of State Polytechnic Fakfak West Papua

The engineer must pay attention to strength, comfort, frugality, and impact on the environment in the building planning both in multi-storey or non-storey. Those aspects must be carefully planned and taken into a capable management system in it and to comply the comfort aspect in the building, hence disaster risk management such as fire prevention is needed. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the fire prevention and control system based on Minister of Public Works Regulation No.26/PRT/M/2008 and Indonesian National Standart 03-6574-2001, analyze the building reliability, and provide alternative solutions for the fire disaster control system in the college building of Fakfak State Polytechnic. The result of check list observation showed the average suitability was . The calculation result of Value of the Building Safety System Components using the Pd-T-11-2005-c guideline based on <em>Analytical Hierarchy Process</em> (AHP) was 64.23 % < 80%. It was classified into GOOD ENOUGH. From the results, alternative solution that can be proposed for college building at Fakfak State Polytechnic is to establish fire prevention.

EFFECT OF WINDOWS CONFIGURATION IN WALL PANELS ON ROOM TEMPERATURE IN NATURALLY VENTILATED RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN ASABA, NIGERIA

The type of windows configuration in residential building influences the amount of radiation that enters into the interior occupied spaces. The level of comfort or discomfort experienced within the buildings is thus hinged on the type of window configuration in the building facade. There are different window configurations in the study area, and the environmental designers or architects use any of the window type in spite to its implication on thermal comfort aspect of the building. Physical measurements and questionnaire were conducted in naturally ventilated residential buildings, to investigate the effect of window configuration in wall panels on room temperature in naturally ventilated residential buildings in Asaba, Nigeria. The effect of indoor room temperature on occupant thermal comfort was examined. Different window configurations commonly used in residential buildings in the study area are sliding, projected, casement, casement-with-vent, and louvre window. The results show that appropriate window configuration in wall panels can provide comfort level on room temperature. Recommendations were made to improve thermal comfort in residential buildings using window configuration with PMV value of 4.5 or less which are casement with vent, louvre and casement windows in naturally ventilated residential buildings.

MULTI-SCENARIO SPATIAL MODELING OF HEALTH FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT TO SUPPORT THE ACHIEVEMENT OF UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE

Abstract. The availability of health facilities that the community can easily reach is one way to improve the degree of health of residents in a region. The ratio of the number of health facilities and residents in Indonesia is currently only about 1:11000. In addition, the equalization of health facilities in Indonesia is also reasonably uneven because the number of health facilities is more centralized in Java, Indonesia. The transfer of the New Capital of Indonesia launched in 2024 to the island of Kalimantan makes Kalimantan Island a magnet for new people's lives, so it needs to be considered infrastructure development, especially in the health sector. This research attempts to model the conformity of health facilities development on the island of Kalimantan spatially by considering the aspect of accessibility as support and comfort and disaster aspects as a barrier. The accessibility aspect will consider geographical and social criteria, the comfort aspect will consider the criteria for air pollution and noise pollution, and the disaster aspect will consider the criteria for floods, landslides, and forest fires. The integration of Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing Technology will be carried out using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). This study will produce recommendations for the appropriate area for the construction of health facilities on the island of Kalimantan. This study is expected to be a consideration for authorized parties in planning health facilities on the island of Kalimantan in preparation for becoming the Capital of the New Country in Indonesia.

The Effect of Short Story Extensive-Reading on EFL Reading Attitudes of the Secondary School Student

This study intends to investigate the effect of short story extensive reading on secondary school students’ EFL reading attitudes. This is an experimental study using a one-grouppretest-treatment-posttest design. The sample was 35 students, who were taken randomly from 355 Students of twelve classes in the second grade of SMAN 4 Samarinda. The researchers used a questionnaire as the instrument in this study. The questionnaire was used to obtain the data on students’ reading attitudes. To analyze the data, a series of paired t-tests and descriptive statistics were used. The results revealed that firstly, overall aspect, the short story-extensive reading gave an effect on the EFL secondary school students’ reading attitudes, t (34)= -1.229, p=0.003. Secondly, in detail per an aspect of attitude, the short story-extensive reading gave an effect on the comfort aspect in the students’ reading attitudes, t (34)= -3.610, p=0.001, the linguistic value aspect, t (34)= 0.463, p=0.646, and the anxiety aspect, t (34)= -3.762, p=0.001; In the meantime, the short story-extensive reading did not give an effect on the intellectual value aspect in the students’ reading attitudes, t (34)= -0.269, p=0.789 and the practical value aspect, t (34)= -0.179, p=0.859. Reading short stories brings about the students into a relaxed circumstance from which EFL secondary school students can browse ideas freely and excitingly. This study implies that such reading materials can be used by secondary school EFL teachers to give more reading input-rich circumstances, which finally becomes an enhancement of their reading attitudes.
 Keywords:EFL Reading attitude, Secondary school student, E-short story extensive-reading

Community Response to Thermal and Its Influence to Outdoor Use

Karamak in North Galesong is a fishing village located adjacent to Makassar Strait. Temperatures can reach more than 40℃; as well as in the house units, temperatures can reach up to 37℃ during the day in the dry season. From the thermal comfort aspect, it is then far from comfort to do activities. It has an impact on changes in the occupant's attitude in choosing the activity space. The research objectives are to find the differences between indoor and outdoor temperatures that affect community response to the transfer of their activities from indoor to outdoor during the daytime with the aim of finding a comfortable activity atmosphere so that activities can be more optimal. The method used was to conduct thermal measurements on the macro and micro scale, including temperature, humidity by the HTC-2 to measure temperature and humidity, while for wind speed using an anemometer. Macro scale climate measurements were carried out in outdoor and micro-scales in indoor of the stage house units. Data collection was carried out simultaneously in the rooms in the sample house. The measurement results were presented in the table. The analysis was used in a comparison between outdoor and indoor climates. Measurements also take off people's perceptions of indoor-outdoor thermal as supporting data measured by the tool. The study has given information about the coastal climate effects on microclimate conditions (residential units) so that it became hot during the day. This study also provided insights for planners and policymakers going forward in response to heated conditions. The microclimate made the residents move the activity space to outdoor that was more comfortable and able to support their activities.

Application of green concept on mixed-use building design

Green concepts are important things to apply on buildings. The application of the green concept on mixed-use buildings must consider several criteria, one of which is the comfort aspect. The density of commercial buildings in Medan City causes a reduction in green open space, and even many buildings do not comply with the minimum green open space requirements on their buildings, which can support the development of this city to reduce environmental temperatures. The aim of this study is to analyze the green concept that can be applied to mixed-use buildings in urban areas. A mixed-use building design with the application of green building principles is the right choice to reduce the effects of climate. The green building concept can help reduce excess heat radiation inside and outside the building. The method used is qualitative with data collection techniques through observation. The analysis was carried out descriptively to obtain a mixed-use building model with the green building concept. The results show that land use efficiency, energy conservation, materials and water conservation can be applied to provide comfortable on buildings.

The Correlation Between Spatial Configuration and User Satisfaction: A Case Study of an Activity-based vs a Conventional Office

Very few studies have discussed the quantitative correlation between office space configuration and user satisfaction. This research aims to provide more concrete results comparing the spatial configuration of Activity Based Office (ABO) and Conventional Offices (CO) to its users' satisfaction. Data collection is taken with sixty respondents who are ABO and CO. User satisfaction will be measured by the comfort aspect. Satisfaction assessment includes the comfort of social interaction distance and the uniformity of the workspace between colleagues, distance to office facilities, distance to the resting place, and distance to the office's informal socialize area. Metric measurements on physical distances and workspace areas between colleagues are compared to the user's subjective comfort. Objective data measurement using the calculation of metric line, and the workspace area differences, while subjective data collection of users using questionnaires. The statistical analysis that will be used is the cross-tabulation method. Cross tabulation will give an overview of the comparison between comfort level to the objective distance and workspace area differences. The study results show that the physical distance comfort of an activity point will vary according to the needs of its user preference. Comparison of spatial to the activity-based and conventional offices will also influence the perception of the uniformity of the user's workspace, and the behavior of users in the elections performs several activities within the office.