Combining Membrane Separation Research Articles

Fractionation of Organic and Inorganic Compounds from Black Liquor by Combining Membrane Separation and Crystallization

AbstractSeparation of organic and inorganic compounds from black liquor was investigated. Black liquor from the pulp and paper industry contains hundreds of different compounds and several high‐value organic chemicals are formed during alkaline pulping. These organic compounds can be used in the fine chemicals, pharmaceutical and food industries. The main aim of this study was to recover and purify high value‐added organic compounds (organic acids) from lignin and inorganic compounds by combining membrane filtration, acid precipitation and cooling crystallization. The effect of membrane filtration on the efficiency of precipitation and crystallization was also studied. A number of separation methods were studied under a variety of operating conditions. The results showed that a combination of membrane separation and crystallization is an efficient method for recovering and purifying valuable organic compounds in black liquor. The amount of major impurities in black liquor could be reduced significantly.

Complete anaerobic digestion of activated sludge by combining membrane separation and alkaline heat post-treatment

The objective of this laboratory study was to improve the particulate solids decomposition of activated sludge by combining solids-liquid separation and post-treatment to anaerobic digestion. The application of membrane separation has been shown to enhance the anaerobic biodegradability of sewage sludge. In this study, an anaerobic membrane digester with a volume of 51 and UF membrane of 177 cm2 was operated at 35 °C and a HRT of 30 days without considerable sludge wastage. For the first 83 days, the membrane digester was operated without post-treatment. For the succeeding 41 days the membrane digester was combined with alkaline heat post-treatment. This was done by taking out 50 ml per day of the digester sludge, post-treating it under the condition of 0.1M NaOH and 175 °C for 1hr, and returning it to the digester. The particulate solids decomposition percentage averaged for each operating phase was 61% without the post-treatment and about 100% with the post-treatment. These results indicate that the post-treatment was able to selectively destroy unbiodegradable components of the lab-cultivated activated sludge. In addition, because the feed activated sludge can be concentrated in the membrane digester, the post-treatment requires less volume to be treated than pre-treatment. On the other hands, the operation and application of this post-treatment combined process are limited by the allowable digester sludge level imposed by the membrane separation. The problem to be solved is the deterioration of membrane permeate quality and methane production efficiency.

Complete anaerobic digestion of activated sludge by combining membrane separation and alkaline heat post-treatment

The objective of this laboratory study was to improve the particulate solids decomposition of activated sludge by combining solids-liquid separation and post-treatment to anaerobic digestion. The application of membrane, separation has been shown to enhance the anaerobic biodegradability of sewage sludge. In this study, an anaerobic membrane digester with a volume of 51 and UF membrane of 177 cm2 was operated at 35°C and a HRT of 30 days without considerable sludge wastage. For the first 83 days, the membrane digester was operated without post-treatment For the succeeding 41 days the membrane digester was combined with alkaline heat post-treatment This was done by taking out 50 ml per day of the digester sludge, post-treating it under the condition of 0.1M NaOH and 175°C for 1hr, and returning it to the digester. The particulate solids decomposition percentage averaged for each operating phase was 61% without the post-treatment and about 100% with the post-treatment These results indicate that the post-treatment was able to selectively destroy unbiodegradable components of the lab-cultivated activated sludge. In addition, because the feed activated sludge can be concentrated in the membrane digester, the post-treatment requires less volume to be treated than pre-treatment On the other hands, the operation and application of this post-treatment combined process are limited by the allowable digester sludge level imposed by the membrane separation. The problem to be solved is the deterioration of membrane permeate quality and methane production efficiency.