Combined Effects Of Age Research Articles

Low mass contact binaries: Orbital stability at extreme low mass ratios.

Abstract With the ever-increasing number of light curve solutions of contact binary systems, an increasing number of potential bright red nova progenitors are being reported. There remains, however, only one confirmed event. In the present study, we undertake a comprehensive review of the orbital stability of contact binary systems, considering the effects of the stellar internal composition (metallicity) and age on the evolution of the gyration radius and its effect on the instability mass ratio of contact binaries. We find that both metallicity and age have an independent effect on orbital stability, with metal-poor and older systems being more stable. The combined effects of age and metallicity are quite profound, such that for most systems with primaries of solar mass or greater, which are halfway or more through the main sequence lifespans have instability mass ratios at levels where the secondary component would be below the hydrogen fusion mass limit. We find that from the currently available solutions we cannot confidently assign any system as unstable. Although we identify 8 potential red nova progenitors, all have methodological or astrophysical concerns, which lowers our confidence in designating any of them as potential merger candidates.

Family care and predictors of the disabled elderly in China: A cross-sectional study based on the Anderson model.

In light of China's progressively aging population, family care with the "warmth of affection" has always been an irreplaceable form of care that meets the wishes of the majority of disabled elderly to enjoy their twilight years comfortably. Data from a follow-up survey on the influencing factors of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 2018 and the Anderson Model was used as a theoretical framework to analyze the influencing factors using a binary logistic regression model. Children were the main providers of care services among disabled elderly in family care. Family care for disabled elderly was influenced by the combined effects of age (P < 0.01), gender (P < 0.05), marital status (P < 0.01), number of children (P < 0.01), housing ownership (P < 0.05), primary carer preference (P < 0.05), and self-assessed health (P < 0.01) were jointly affected. As a result, it's critical to set up a strong social support network that is focused on family caregiving and includes tailored interventions based on the requirements of disabled elderly and family caregivers.

Immunosenescence and its related comorbidities in older people living with HIV

Abstract With the aging of the global population, older people living with HIV (OPLWH) have emerged as a focal point in HIV/AIDS research. Although antiretroviral therapy has demonstrated positive effects in OPLWH, concerns persist regarding overall poor immune reconstitution and elevated rates of age-related comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, bone disease, and cognitive impairment. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying immunosenescence and the interaction of immunosenescence with HIV infection, further exploring its role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection during aging. Aging-induced involution of the immune system, along with chronic inflammation and infection, can induce immunosenescence, leading to immune dysfunction that impairs the effective control of HIV infection. In addition, HIV infection induces immunosenescence through persistent inflammation and immune activation, even under treatment. The combined effects of aging and HIV infection accelerate the progression of immunosenescence in OPLWH, increasing their susceptibility to multiple age-related diseases. The unfavorable prognosis observed among OPLWH is largely attributed to increased levels of immunosenescence. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between immunosenescence and HIV infection is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies for this vulnerable population.

Exploring age and gender disparities in cardiometabolic phenotypes and lipidomic signatures among Chinese adults: a nationwide cohort study

Abstract Understanding sex disparities in modifiable risk factors across the lifespan is essential for crafting individualized intervention strategies. We aim to investigate age-related sex disparity in cardiometabolic phenotypes in a large nationwide Chinese cohort. A total of 254,670 adults aged 40 years or older were selected from a population-based cohort in China. Substantial sex disparities in the prevalence of metabolic diseases were observed across different age strata, particularly for dyslipidemia and its components. Generalized additive models were employed to characterize phenotype features, elucidating how gender differences evolve with advancing age. Half of the 16 phenotypes consistently exhibited no sex differences, while four (high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting insulin) displayed significant sex differences across all age groups. Triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, non-HDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol demonstrated significant age-dependent sex disparities. Notably, premenopausal females exhibited significant age-related differences in lipid levels around the age of 40–50 years, contrasting with the relatively stable associations observed in males and postmenopausal females. Menopause played an important but not sole role in age-related sex differences in blood lipids. Sleep duration also had an age- and sex-dependent impact on lipids. Lipidomic analysis and K-means clustering further revealed that 58.6% of the 263 measured lipids varied with sex and age, with sphingomyelins, cholesteryl esters, and triacylglycerols being the most profoundly influenced lipid species by the combined effects of age, sex, and their interaction. These findings underscore the importance of age consideration when addressing gender disparities in metabolic diseases and advocate for personalized, age-specific prevention and management.

Distal forelimb radiographic bone morphology in Thoroughbred foals during the first 10 months post-partum. Part 1: Carpus.

The risk of carpal injury in racehorses may be related to the morphology, yet whether carpal morphologies are set from birth or change through growth remains unclear. To quantify carpal bone changes through growth. Twenty privately owned Thoroughbred foals born between January 2022 and May 2023 were radiographed bimonthly from birth to 10 months of age. Imprint training was used to take radiographs safely without chemical restraints. Fifteen individual and 11 relative angular carpal parameters were measured using ImageJ on dorsopalmar radiographs of the carpus at zero degrees of vertical and horizontal rotation. Associations with age (growth), sex and the differences between left and right limbs were analysed separately using a linear mixed effects model. Six individual carpal parameters changed with age (radial carpal joint [RCJ], Prx.dor. radial carpal [Cr], Prx.Cu, Dis.dor. third carpal [C3], Dis.pal.C3 and Dis.pal. intermediate carpal), and one was influenced by side, that is higher in the left carpus (Dis.pal.Cr). Seven relative parameters changed with age, and one relative parameter was influenced by side, that is higher in the left (Ra.met-RCJ). The proximo-dorsal bone surface angle of Cr and disto-dorsal bone surface angle of C3 became flatter over time, which may be associated with the re-direction of the load towards the sagittal carpal plane. Sex did not influence any of the carpal parameters, nor did the combined effect of age, side of the limb and sex. Specific individual and relative angular carpal parameters changed significantly over time and some differed between the left and right limb, whereas other parameters did not change. The steeper carpal bone angles achieved proximally with the parameters that did change may improve stability by redirecting the load more medially through the carpus and the proximal and distal bones.

Interaction of age and CYP2C19 genotypes on voriconazole steady-state trough concentration in Chinese patients.

Both age and CYP2C19 genotypes affect voriconazole plasma concentration; the interaction of age and CYP2C19 genotypes on voriconazole plasma concentration remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the combined effects of age and CYP2C19 genotypes on voriconazole plasma concentration in Chinese patients. A total of 480 patients who received voriconazole treatment were recruited. CYP2C19*2 (rs4244285) and CYP2C19*3 (rs4986893) polymorphisms were genotyped. Patients were divided into the young and the elderly groups by age of 60 years old. Influence of CYP2C19 genotype on steady-state trough concentration (C ss-min ) in overall patients and in age subgroups was analyzed. Voriconazole C ss-min correlated positively with age, and mean voriconazole C ss-min was significantly higher in the elderly group ( P < 0.001). CYP2C19 poor metabolizers showed significantly increased mean voriconazole C ss-min in the young but not the elderly group. The percentage of patients with subtherapeutic voriconazole C ss-min (<1.0 mg/l) was higher in the young group and that of supratherapeutic voriconazole C ss-min (>5.5 mg/l) was higher in the elderly patients. When the average C ss-min in the CYP2C19 normal metabolizer genotype was regarded as a reference, CYP2C19 genotypes showed greater impact on voriconazole C ss-min in the young group, while the influence of age on voriconazole C ss-min exceeded CYP2C19 genotypes in the elderly. CYP2C19 genotypes affects voriconazole exposure is age dependent. Influence of CYP2C19 poor metabolizer genotype on increased voriconazoleexposure is prominent in the young, while age is a more important determinant factor for increased voriconazole exposure in the elderly patients.

Characterization of Asphalt Filler Mastics with Industrial By-Products as Fillers under the Coupled Effect of Aging and Moisture

An asphalt mix comprises asphalt binder and aggregates of different sizes (coarse and fine) and filler. Even with a smaller share, filler plays a crucial role in the performance of asphalt-filler mastics. The study is motivated by the growing need to preserve natural resources and aims to investigate the utilization of four different industrial by-products/wastes (electric arc furnace slag filler, basic oxygen furnace slag filler, tire pyrolysis char filler, and plastic pyrolysis char filler, and one conventional natural stone aggregate filler (NSAF) in asphalt-filler mastics. Four conditioning environments were used to characterize the chemo-rheological properties of the mastics formulated by these five different fillers: unaged, long-term aged, freeze-thaw, and freeze-thaw of long-term aged mastics. To understand the significance of filler attributes in the filler-asphalt mastic performance, a correlation between various filler characteristics (specific surface area, Rigden voids, methylene blue value, and hydrophilic coefficient) and the mastic properties (multiple stress creep and recovery, linear amplitude sweep, binder yield energy test, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) was also attempted. The fatigue life and elastic recovery of the mastics were negatively affected by the combined effects of aging and moisture. The filler characteristics showed a negligible-to-low association with fatigue parameters and a good correlation with rutting performance. The use of these industry co-products/by-products as fillers is supported by the superior rutting and fatigue performance of steel slag and pyrolytic char fillers compared with the traditional NSAF.

Age-specific association between visit-to-visit blood pressure variability and hearing loss: A population-based cohort study

Abstract Background and Objectives Hearing loss is common and undertreated, and the impact of blood pressure variability (BPV) on the development of hearing loss remains unclear. We aimed to examine the age-specific association between visit-to-visit BPV and hearing loss. Research Design and Methods This nationally representative cohort study included 3939 adults over 50 years from the Health and Retirement Study in the US. Variabilities of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were assessed by standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV) and variability independent of the mean (VIM), using SBP and DBP from three visits. Hearing loss was assessed by self-rated questions. Cox proportional risk models were used to evaluate age-specific associations (50-64, 65-79 and ≥80 years) between BPV and hearing loss. The generalized additive Cox models were further used to visualize the combined effect of age and BPV. Results During the follow-up up to 7.0 years, 700 participants developed hearing loss. Among people aged under 65 years, we observed a 36% increased risk of hearing loss with per SD increment in VIM of SBP (HR per SD 1.36, 95% CI 1.13-1.63) and a slightly significant association between VIM of DBP (HR per SD 1.21, 95% CI 1.01-1.45) and hearing loss. We did not observe significant associations among groups aged over 65 years (P&amp;gt;0.05). The generalized additive Cox models also showed younger participants had stronger associations between BPV and hearing loss. Discussion and Implications Higher visit-to-visit variabilities of SBP were associated with an increased risk of hearing loss in middle-aged adults (50-65 years). Intervention in early BPV may help decrease hearing loss in adults aged over 50 years.

Bilingualism and ageing independently impact on language processing: evidence from comprehension and production

Abstract To examine the combined effects of ageing and bilingualism in language processing, we tested young and older mono- and bilingual speakers in L1 comprehension and production. In Experiment 1, bilinguals were slower to detect words than monolinguals in sentences with a low-constraint context, but not when a high-constraint context was provided. Older adults tended to outperform younger adults in high-constraint sentences. In Experiment 2, older speakers were slower than younger speakers to produce small-scope prepositional phrases (e.g., ‘the cone above the grape), suggesting more extensive planning. Bilingual disadvantages were observed in larger-scope complex phrases (e.g., ‘the cone and the pink grape’). Individual differences in language proficiency did not modulate the effects. The results support bilingual disadvantages in syntactic processing and age-preserved syntax, alongside semantic processing unaffected by either bilingualism or age. We found no interactions between age and bilingualism, suggesting that these two factors independently impact language processing.

Immune response to the recombinant herpes zoster vaccine in people living with HIV over 50 years of age compared to non-HIV age-/gender-matched controls (SHINGR’HIV): a multicenter, international, non-randomized clinical trial study protocol

BackgroundThe burden of herpes zoster (shingles) virus and associated complications, such as post-herpetic neuralgia, is higher in older adults and has a significant impact on quality of life. The incidence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia is increased in people living with HIV (PLWH) compared to an age-matched general population, including PLWH on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) with no detectable viremia and normal CD4 counts. PLWH – even on effective ART may- exhibit sustained immune dysfunction, as well as defects in cells involved in the response to vaccines. In the context of herpes zoster, it is therefore important to assess the immune response to varicella zoster virus vaccination in older PLWH and to determine whether it significantly differs to that of HIV-uninfected healthy adults or younger PLWH. We aim at bridging these knowledge gaps by conducting a multicentric, international, non-randomised clinical study (SHINGR’HIV) with prospective data collection after vaccination with an adjuvant recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) in two distinct populations: in PLWH on long-term ART (> 10 years) over 50 years of and age/gender matched controls.MethodsWe will recruit participants from two large established HIV cohorts in Switzerland and in France in addition to age-/gender-matched HIV-uninfected controls. Participants will receive two doses of RZV two months apart. In depth-evaluation of the humoral, cellular, and innate immune responses and safety profile of the RZV will be performed to address the combined effect of aging and potential immune deficiencies due to chronic HIV infection. The primary study outcome will compare the geometric mean titer (GMT) of gE-specific total IgG measured 1 month after the second dose of RZV between different age groups of PLWH and between PLWH and age-/gender-matched HIV-uninfected controls.DiscussionThe SHINGR’HIV trial will provide robust data on the immunogenicity and safety profile of RZV in older PLWH to support vaccination guidelines in this population.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05575830. Registered on 12 October 2022. Eu Clinical Trial Register (EUCT number 2023-504482-23-00).

Ageing and mating status affect food utilization efficiencies and assimilation of macronutrients in adults of Parthenium beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister

AbstractInvestigations of age‐based food conversion and utilization efficiencies in phytophagous insects are very few. Studies examining the effects of age, sex and mating status on biochemical assimilation of macronutrients by phytophagous insects are scarce as well. Hence, we designed the present study to evaluate the combined effect of age, sex and mating status on food consumption and utilization efficiencies, and the assimilation of macronutrients by the Parthenium beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), on the invasive weed, Parthenium hysterophorus Linnaeus (Asterales: Asteraceae). We hypothesized that mated adults would consume and utilize more food than unmated adults, that assimilation of nutrients by old adults would be lower than young adults and that females would consume and utilize food more efficiently than males. However, our results revealed that as adults aged, their food consumption and utilization efficiencies decreased, and they assimilated less proteins and glucose in their body. Despite that, their mean body biomass and assimilation of triglycerides increased. While mated adults had higher food utilization efficiencies and increased assimilation of triglycerides and glucose, unmated adults assimilated more proteins. Females had higher food consumption rates and increased assimilation of nutrients, whereas males had higher food conversion efficiencies and growth rates. Furthermore, middle‐aged adults had higher food utilization efficiencies and they assimilated more nutrients than young and old adults. Our results therefore suggest compensatory feeding in adults of Z. bicolorata with ageing. We also recommend the release of more numbers of mated middle‐aged females to control P. hysterophorus in agro‐ecosystems.

The association between night shift work and osteoporosis risk in adults: A cross-sectional analysis using NHANES

PurposeThrough this study, we assess whether night shift work increases the risk of osteoporosis, and explore the effects of age, gender, or lifestyle differences. MethodsThis cross-sectional study included the collection of data from a sample of the US adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) over a 7.3-year period (2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2017–March2020), including 4408 participants (2351[52.8%] men and 2057[47.2%] women), with an age range of 20–80 years. The primary variables, health status, nutrition, harmful lifestyle habits, and bone mineral density (BMD), were segregated, and analyzed according to different work schedules. Linear regression models were conducted to evaluate correlations of night shift work and T-scores. Associations between night shift work and osteoporosis were examined using logistic regression analyses. All regression models were stratified by gender and age ≥50 years. Osteoporosis was defined as BMD at the femoral neck or total spine equal to or less than 2.5 standard deviations below the mean for youthful people of the same gender. All data were obtained using questionnaires and examinations collected in mobile examination center (MEC) from NHANES. ResultsAfter multivariate adjustment, night shift work was related to statistically significant decreases of the total spine in T-scores of females aged ≥50 years. Furthermore, night shift work of the overall population (OR = 2.31 [95% CI, 1.03–5.18]; P = 0.043) and females aged ≥50 years (OR = 4.6 [95% CI, 1.21–17.54]; P = 0.025) was related to an increased prevalence of osteoporosis. ConclusionNight shift work correlates with a higher risk of osteoporosis in the population of the US adults, with the combined effect of age, gender, and harmful lifestyle.

Abstract B031: Accelerated intra-clonal diversification of hematopoietic stem cells during aging fuels leukemia evolution

Abstract Cancer are diseases of aging. Many cellular processes characteristic of cancer, e.g., epigenetic dysregulation, are similarly observed during aging. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is emblematic of this interplay. As a blood cancer stemming from hematopoietic stem and progenitors (HSPC), the median age of AML diagnosis is 65. This is linked to age-related clonal hematopoiesis (CH), a condition resulting from the expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, typically marked by mutations in leukemia-associated genes. Our investigation thus seeks to clarify the intrinsic role of aging in HSPCs as they relate to CH and leukemic transformation. Hypothesis: Aging amplifies the inheritable phenotypic variations in hematopoietic stem cells, enhancing epigenetic heterogeneity. This acts as a substrate for natural selection, driving leukemic transformation. HSPC Epigenomic and transcriptomic heterogeneity increase in old age: we profiled the single-cell transcriptome (scRNA-seq) and single-nuclear ATAC-seq (snATAC-seq) data from Lineage-c-Kit+ HSPCs isolated from mice at two age groups. Applying Shannon entropy, our analysis revealed a significant increase in epigenetic and transcriptomic heterogeneity in middle-aged LT-HSC compared to their younger counterparts. This process occurs in an aged bone marrow (BM) microenvironment characterized by inflammation and altered HSPC support. Interestingly, we previously show that the rise of epigenetic and transcriptomic heterogeneity in HSC with Tet2 loss (Tet2 MT) and Flt3 ITD precedes leukemic transformation. Diversification of LT-HSC Transcriptome: We employed CellTag Indexing to track the fate of specific HSC subclones. With a barcode detection rate of 80%, our findings indicate that a significant majority (97%) of clones emerged from an HSC. Furthermore, we observed that cells of the same clone manifest higher transcriptomic similarities than those from different clones, underscoring the technique's capability in mapping HSPC clonal evolution. Then we applied scRNA-seq to tagged HSPCs after 16 days of ex vivo expansion. We found that LT-HSCs from older mice exhibited greater clonal diversification, evidenced by intra-clonal transcriptomic correlation. ST-HSC and MPP from older mice also exhibt this pattern. Functional Relevance: Our GSEA analysis of genes with increased expression variability in older mice highlighted several pathways pivotal for HSPC fitness, encompassing ribosome synthesis, inflammation response mechanisms (e.g., JAK-STAT), hematopoietic cell lineage, and AML/cancer pathways. Conclusion: our results suggest that the combined effects of aging and somatic mutations in epigenetic regulators may enhance cell-to-cell variations, offering additional heritable phenotypic variations. These, in turn, may facilitate clonal hematopoiesis and leukemic transformation. Future work will delineate specific epigenetic and transcriptomic configurations that enable mutant HSPC clonal expansion. This study provides a cohesive framework, linking the principles governing aging to cancer. Citation Format: Lamis Naddaf, Marco De Dominici, Xiaowen Chen, Parveen Kumar, James Chavez, Travis Roeder, Shilpita Karmakar, Eric Pietras, Hideyuki Oguro, James DeGregori, Sheng Li. Accelerated intra-clonal diversification of hematopoietic stem cells during aging fuels leukemia evolution [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Translating Cancer Evolution and Data Science: The Next Frontier; 2023 Dec 3-6; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(3 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B031.

Surgical Treatment and Outcome of Ovarian Cancer Patients With Liver Metastases: Experience of a Tertiary Hepatic and Peritoneal Surface Malignancy Center.

The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the patterns, perioperative outcomes, and survival rates of patients subjected to hepatic resections for ovarian-derived liver metastasis as part of cytoreductive surgery with or without hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Furthermore, we investigated two subgroups of tumor patterns: hematogenous liver metastasis and infiltrative liver metastatic spread. A retrospective study was conducted. Patients from a University Tertiary Hepatic and Peritoneal Surface Malignancy Center with primary or recurrent ovarian cancer, who underwent liver resection as part of cytoreductive surgery between January 1992 and December 2022, were included. Data from 35 patients were analyzed. Both median overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were 24.97 months. In a multivariate setting, the combined effect of age, peritoneal carcinomatosis index, body mass index, hematogenous liver metastasis vs. infiltrative spread types, and HIPEC (HR=0.2372; 95%CI=0.0719-0.7823; p=0.0181) over OS was tested. Survival analysis revealed no differences between the two metastatic spread types (OS: p=0.9720; DSS: p=0.9610). Younger age (p=0.0301), splenectomy (p=0.0320), lesser omentectomy (p=0.0178), and right upper quadrant peritonectomy (p=0.0373) were more characteristic for those patients with infiltrative liver metastatic spread. Complete cytoreductive surgery, including hepatic resection is a feasible approach with or without additional HIPEC, which may provide survival benefit for patients with advanced and/or recurrent ovarian cancer. If metastatic and infiltrative liver involvement is suspected, liver-specific imaging is recommended.

Old Age Exacerbates White Matter Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Deficits Following Closed-Head Injury, Particularly in Female Mice.

The increasing incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among older adults, particularly mild injuries from falls, underscores the need to investigate age-related outcomes and potential sex differences in response to TBI. Although previous research has defined an aging-TBI signature (heightened glial responses and cognitive impairment) in open-skull moderate-to-severe TBI models, it is unknown whether this signature is also present in mild closed-head injuries (CHIs). This study explores the influences of age and sex on recovery in a mouse CHI model induced by an electromagnetic impactor device in 4-month-old and 18-month-old C57BL/6 mice. We assessed the righting reflex, body weight, behavior (radial arm water maze and active avoidance), and inflammation (GFAP, IBA1, CD45) in the neocortex, corpus callosum, and hippocampus. We observed that aged female mice exhibited more severe TBI-induced cognitive deficits. In addition, a more pronounced reactive neuroinflammatory response with age was noted within white matter regions. Conversely, gray matter regions in aged animals either showed no enhanced pathological changes in response to injury or the aged mice displayed hyporesponsive glia and signs of dystrophic glial degeneration that were not evident in their younger counterparts following CHI. These findings suggest that aging influences CHI outcomes, partially reflecting the aging-TBI signature seen in more severe injuries in white matter, while a distinct aging and mild-TBI signature was identified in gray matter. The heightened vulnerability of females to the combined effects of age and mild CHI establishes a foundation for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying the sexually dimorphic response in aging females.

Combined effect of age and body mass index on postoperative mortality and morbidity in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients

BackgroundPrevious studies have assessed the impact of age and body mass index (BMI) on surgery outcomes separately. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the combined effect of age and BMI on postoperative mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.MethodsData from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database for laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients between 2008 and 2020 were analyzed. Patient demographics, functional status, admission sources, preoperative risk factors, laboratory data, perioperative variables, and 30-day postoperative outcomes were included in the dataset. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of age, BMI, and age/BMI with mortality and morbidity. Patients were stratified into different subcategories based on their age and BMI, and the age/BMI score was calculated. The chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and ANOVA were used as appropriate for each category.ResultsThe study included 435,052 laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher age/BMI score was associated with an increased risk of mortality (adj OR 13.13 95% CI, 9.19–18.77, p &amp;lt; 0.0001) and composite morbidity (adj OR 2.57, 95% CI 2.23–2.95, p &amp;lt; 0.0001).ConclusionOlder age, especially accompanied by a low BMI, appears to increase the post-operative mortality and morbidity risks in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients, while paradoxically, a higher BMI seems to be protective. Our hypothesis is that a lower BMI, perhaps secondary to malnutrition, can carry a greater risk of surgery complications for the elderly. Age/BMI is strongly and positively associated with mortality and morbidity and could be used as a new scoring system for predicting outcomes in patients undergoing surgery. Nevertheless, laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains a very safe procedure with relatively low complication rates.

Abstract 12030: Predicting Atrial Fibrillation in Critically Ill Patients: A Machine Learning Approach

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent arrhythmia in critically ill patients, with significant implications for morbidity and mortality. Early prediction of AF risk is crucial for proactive management. This study aims to develop and validate a machine learning-based risk prediction model for AF in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods: Using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) database, we conducted a retrospective cohort study that included adult ICU patients and collected 47 clinical and laboratory variables. The primary outcome variable was the development of AF within the first 48 hours of ICU admission. Various machine learning models were evaluated for their performance in predicting AF, and the best-performing model was further optimized using hyperparameter tuning. A compact model, incorporating only 15 variables and two novel features, was also developed to facilitate potential clinical implementation. The first new feature, ‘ older septic ’ indicated patients aged 70 or older with sepsis, capturing the combined effect of age and sepsis as a risk factor for AF. The second new feature, ‘ cardiac risk score ’ was a composite score considering patient’s pre-existing cardiac risk factors. Model interpretability was assessed using Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis. Results: The cohort comprised 46,266 ICU patients, with 4.6% developing AF within 48 hours of admission. The CatBoost Classifier model demonstrated superior performance, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.850 (95% CI: 0.811-0.889) on the test set. The compact model with new features yielded an AUC of 0.820 (95% CI: 0.782-0.858), which is a comparable performance using a fraction of the variables. SHAP analysis highlighted the importance of the newly created features as key predictors, indicating the significance of age, sepsis, and cardiac risk factors in AF development. Conclusions: This study underscores the potential of machine learning models in predicting AF development in ICU patients. The compact model, with a satisfactory AUC, can be a valuable tool for identifying high-risk patients, enabling timely interventions to mitigate the adverse outcomes associated with AF.

The Power of Resistance Training: Evidence-based Recommendations for Middle-aged and Older Women's Health

Women have a longer life expectancy, but also a poorer quality of life due to the combined effects of aging and menopause. Among the most widely used non-pharmacological therapies that slow down the effects of these phenomena is resistance training. The aims of this narrative review were: 1) to analyze the strength in health parameters of middle-aged and older women; and 2) to provide a series of practical recommendations for resistance training for women. It was found that resistance training has been shown to prevent and/or treat chronic diseases, improve muscle strength, increase bone density, and reduce the risk of falls and fractures in older women. To conduct our search, we utilized various databases, including MedLine (Pubmed) and Cochrane (Wiley), searching for MeSH-compliant keywords such as: (strength training OR resistance training) AND (middle-aged women OR older women). Our search was limited to manuscripts published from April 1, 2013, to April 1, 2023, although some earlier studies were referenced to provide additional context in certain areas of the narrative review. The narrative review highlights that regular resistance training can help older women maintain independence and improve their overall quality of life. Additionally, the narrative review suggests that resistance training may also have beneficial effects on other health outcomes, such as cardiovascular health, function, and musculoskeletal health. Overall, the narrative review provides evidence to support the inclusion of resistance training in the exercise regimen of older women to promote healthy aging. This narrative review aims to provide information on the health benefits of resistance training on middle-aged and older women, and proposes a series of recommendations to promote its safe and effective practice, to help them enjoy healthy aging. Keywords: sarcopenia, functional independence; physical exercise; strength training, quality of life.

Combined effects of age and hearing impairment on utterances and requests for clarification in spontaneous conversation and a referential communication task.

The impact of hearing impairment is typically studied in terms of its effects on speech perception, yet this fails to account for the interactive nature of communication. Recently, there has been a move towards studying the effects of age-related hearing impairment on interaction, often using referential communication tasks; however, little is known about how interaction in these tasks compares toeveryday communication. To investigate utterances and requests for clarification used in one-to-one conversations between older adults with hearing impairment and younger adults without hearing impairment, and between two younger adults without hearing impairment. A total of 42 participants were recruited to the study and split into 21 pairs, 10 with two younger adults without hearing impairment and 11 with one younger adult without hearing impairment and one older participant with age-related hearing impairment (hard of hearing). Results from three tasks-spontaneous conversation and two trials of a referential communication task-were compared. A total of 5 min of interaction in each of the three tasks was transcribed, and the frequency of requests for clarification, mean length of utterance and total utterances were calculated for individual participants and pairs. When engaging in spontaneous conversation, participants made fewer requests for clarification than in the referential communication, regardless of hearing status/age (p ≤ 0.012). Participants who were hard of hearing made significantly more requests for clarification than their partners without hearing impairment in only the second trial of the referential communication task (U = 25, p = 0.019). Mean length of utterance was longer in spontaneous conversation than in the referential communication task in the pairs without hearing impairment (p ≤ 0.021), but not in the pairs including a person who was hard of hearing. However, participants who were hard of hearing used significantly longer utterances than their partners without hearing impairment in the spontaneous conversation (U = 8, p < 0.001) but not in the referential communication tasks. The findings suggest that patterns of interaction observed in referential communication tasks differ to those observed in spontaneous conversation. The results also suggest that fatigue may be an important consideration when planning studies of interaction that use multiple conditions of a communication task, particularly when participants are older or hard of hearing. What is already known on this subject Age-related hearing impairment is known to affect communication; however, the majority of studies have focused on its impact on speech perception in controlled conditions. This indicates little about the impact on everyday, interactive, communication. What this study adds to the existing knowledge We investigated utterance length and requests for clarification in one-to-one conversations between pairs consisting of one older adult who is hard of hearing and one younger adult without hearing impairment, or two younger adults without hearing impairment. Results from three tasks (two trials of a referential communication task and spontaneous conversation) were compared. The findings demonstrated a significant effect of task type on requests for clarification in both groups. Furthermore, in spontaneous conversation, older adults who were hard of hearing used significantly longer utterances than their partners without hearing impairment. This pattern was not observed in the referential communication task. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? These findings have important implications for generalizing results from controlled communication tasks to more everyday conversation. Specifically, they suggest that the previously observed strategy of monopolizing conversation, possibly as an attempt to control it, may be more frequently used by older adults who are hard of hearing in natural conversation than in a more contrived communication task.

The Impact of Daily Processor Use on Adult Cochlear Implant Outcomes: Reexamining the Roles of Duration of Deafness and Age at Implantation.

To quantify the roles and relationships between age at implantation, duration of deafness (DoD), and daily processor use via data logging on speech recognition outcomes for postlingually deafened adults with cochlear implants. Retrospective case review. Cochlear implant (CI) program at a tertiary medical center. Six-hundred fourteen postlingually deafened adult ears with CIs (mean age, 63 yr; 44% female) were included. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was completed to investigate the combined effects of age, DoD, and daily processor use on CI-aided speech recognition (Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant monosyllables and AzBio sentences). Results indicated that only daily processor use was significantly related to Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant word scores ( R2 = 0.194, p < 0.001) and AzBio in quiet scores ( R2 = 0.198, p < 0.001), whereas neither age nor DoD was significantly related. In addition, there was no significant relationship between daily processor use, age at implantation, or DoD and AzBio sentences in noise ( R2 = 0.026, p = 0.005). Considering the clinical factors of age at implantation, DoD, and daily processor use, only daily processor use significantly predicted the ~20% of variance in postoperative outcomes (CI-aided speech recognition) accounted for by these clinical factors.