Combined Application Of Phosphorus Research Articles

Root response and phosphorus acquisition under partial distribution of phosphorus and water‐soluble organic matter

AbstractUnderstanding how phosphorus and water‐soluble organic matter (WSOM) from animal manure compost contribute to root development is essential for enhancing phosphorus utilization efficiency under their combined application. This study aims to determine mechanisms underlying root responses and phosphorus acquisition based on the partially varying available phosphorus levels in root zone soil following WSOM. The plant growth test was performed using a specifically designed pot where the root elongation was guided into the soil of different root compartments with either phosphorus combined with WSOM or single phosphorus or WSOM. The results revealed high levels of available phosphorus in the root zone soil of individual plants in the presence of WSOM induced small root weight. Phosphorus concentrations in the root exhibited a negative correlation with root weight. Improved root structure development even in the presence of WSOM induced to increase uptake of phosphorus and other nutrients in the plant. Furthermore, a positive linear relationship was observed between nutrient uptake and aboveground dry weight. These findings provide pioneering experimental evidence demonstrating that root development varies to some extent depending on the level of available phosphorus induced by the combined application of phosphorus and WSOM, even within the root zone soil of individual plants. Given that plant growth varied based on partial root development even when phosphorus and WSOM were combined, this study suggests that implementing appropriate phosphorus fertilizer application while considering the augmented availability of phosphorus via the combined application of animal manure compost can promote root development and nutrient uptake, resulting in improved plant growth.

Effect of fertilizers on the growth performance of Azolla pinnata: A potential feed additive for fish culture in Bangladesh

Azolla is among the most popular, low-cost, and high-nutrient-content fish feeds. Azolla pinnata's growth performance was evaluated on the effects of fertilizers containing phosphorus and nitrogen. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) over thirty-five days in 150 L water containers. Two sets of sub-experiments were established, each with three replications: one for the combined application of phosphorus and nitrogen and another for the sole application of phosphorus. The results showed that the combined application of phosphorus (46% P) and nitrogen (46% N) was more effective than the application of phosphorus alone. The highest cell number and protein content of combined P and N applications were (70.01±4.73 g and 33.71±2.3%) in the T4 treatment. On the other hand, the maximum cell number and protein content of the sole P application were 58.76±3.8 and 33.06±2.25%, respectively, in the T4 treatment. A Significant variation was observed in terms of the mean cell number, weight, and protein content among the experimental treatments. This study's primary focus was to demonstrate the effects of inorganic fertilizers on Azolla growth. The findings suggest that the combined application of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer can significantly enhance Azolla growth compared to the sole application of phosphorus.

The Impact of the Individual and Combined Application of Phosphorus and Sulfur Fertilizers on Potato Tuber Flavor.

Sulfur and phosphorus are important plant nutrients required for potato growth, influencing the synthesis of primary metabolites that serve as the material foundation of potato flavor quality. However, little is known about the effects of sulfur and phosphorus application on potato tuber flavor. This study experimentally compared the effects of the individual and combined application of phosphorus and sulfur fertilizers on the flavor of potato tubers. The research examined the sensory characteristics of flavor under various fertilization methods, investigated changes in the types and contents of volatile flavor compounds, and conducted analyses on flavor precursor compounds. The experimental results showed that the application of phosphorus and sulfur fertilizers, either individually or in combination significantly increased the content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid. After the combined application of phosphorus and sulfur fertilizers, the starch and the reducing sugar content also significantly increased. (E,E)-2,4-Nonadienal and Decanal are closely correlated with fatty acid content. Dimethyl sulfide and Trimethyl sulfide contents are significantly related to methionine content. This also significantly enhances the fatty taste characteristics of the tubers but weakens the potato flavor characteristics. Hence, the application of phosphorus and sulfur can affect the accumulation of primary metabolic products in tubers, thereby affecting flavor quality. Compared with the individual application of phosphorus or sulfur fertilizers, when phosphorus fertilizer is applied at 180 kg·ha-1 and sulfur fertilizer at 90 kg·ha-1 in combination, it can further enrich the roasted flavor characteristics of potatoes and maximize the enhancement of potato flavor quality. This provides valuable theoretical support for achieving high-quality agricultural development.

Effect of Phosphorus and Sulphur on Growth, Protein Content, Yield and Economics of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)

To study the effect of phosphorus and sulphur levels on growth, protein content, yield and economic profitability of black gram production in, a field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2018-19 at the Research Farm, School of Agriculture, ITM University, Gwalior, (M.P.). The experiment was conducted in factorial in randomized block design with four phosphorus levels (0 kg/ha (P0), 20 kg/ha (P1), 40 kg/ha (P2) and 60 kg/ha (P3)) along with three Sulphur levels (10 kg/ha (S1), 20 kg/ha (S2) and 30 kg/ha (S3)) which were replicated thrice. The black gram variety “Awasthi” was uniformly fertilized by 20 kg N/ha and 20 kg K2O / ha using Urea and muriate of potash. However, phosphorus and Sulphur were applied using Single Super Phosphate and Cossavet as per the requirement of the treatments. The results revealed that the application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha recorded significantly highest plant height (37.12 cm) at 60 DAS, the maximum number of branches per plant (6.33), the maximum number of leaves per plant (10.62) at 60 DAS, seed yield (14.12 q/ha), Stover yield (35.42 q/ha). While among the sulphur levels, application of Sulphur @ 30 kg/ha recorded significantly highest plant height (36.19 cm), the maximum number of branches per plant (6.06), the maximum number of leaves per plant (10.01) at 60 DAS, higher seed yield (12.55 q/ha) and Stover yield (31.85 q/ha). Among the economics, the combined application of phosphorus @ 60 kg with the application of Sulphur @ 30 kg/ ha produced significantly the highest net returns and Benefit Cost. Thus, the application of phosphorus @ 60 kg along with the application of Sulphur @ 30 kg/ ha was found to be the most promising treatment in enhancing the growth and yield in black gram.

Effect of Phosphorus, Zinc and Rhizobium on Productivity and Profitability of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pardesh

Field experiments were conducted to study the Effect of phosphorus, zinc and rhizobium on yield and profibility of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at students instructional farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur. The treament consists of three levels of phosphorus (0, 30 and 60 kg ha-1), three levels of zinc (0,2.5, 5.0 kg ha-1) and two levels of rhizobium inoculation (with and without rhizobium) totally eighteen treatment combinations. The experiment was laid out in Factorial randomized block design with three replications. N @ 20 kg ha-1 and K @ 20 kg ha-1 applied uniformly through urea and murate of potash respectively The experiment was laid out in Factorial randomized block design with three replications. Chickpea variety RVG-202 was grown with the recommended agronomic practices. Results of the experiment reflected that yield of chickpea crop increased with the use of phosphorus, zinc and rhizobium inoculation. Maximum grain yield 20.89 kg ha-1, stover yield 25.26 kg ha-1, biological yield 46.15 kg ha-1 and harvest index 45.27% were recorded under T18 (60 kg P+5 kg Zn ha-1 rhizobium innoculation) over control during second year. But, significantly increased T17 (60 kg P+2.5 kg Zn ha-1+ rhizobium innoculation) during both years (2020-21 and 2021-22). The maximum cost of cultivation (₹ 36615.23), gross return (₹ 115380), net return (₹ 78764.77) and B:C ratio (2.15) were recorded under T18 (60 kg P+5 kg Zn ha-1 rhizobium innoculation). The present study showed that combined application of phosphorus and zinc with rhizobium inoculation along with recommended nitrogen and potassium could be an effective option for enhancing chickpea yield component, yield and economic return.

Field trial evidence of silicon and phosphorus application to improve rice growth and nutrients uptake in Northern Iran

One of the major problems in the paddy fields in northern Iran is the low solubility and availability of phosphorus. To solve this problem, the plant growth-promoting microorganisms and the application of silicon fertilizer can be appropriate way and assessed for rice crop as split plots based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in Amol region during 2017 and 2018. The spray of nano-silicon, the soil application of potassium silicate and calcium silicate and control condition were used as main plots. Phosphorus treatment including control, 100 kg triple superphosphate ha−1, 50 kg triple superphosphate ha−1 + Herbaspirillum seropodicae bacteria inoculation and 50 kg triple superphosphate ha−1 + mycorrhiza fungi (Gholusmosseae) inoculation were used as subplots. The results demonstrated that with the application of silicon resources, grain filling period and internodes lodging index (I3LI and L4LI) were statistically decreased compared to the control, but paddy yields (PY) were significantly enhanced. The maximum amounts of I3LI (49.44%) and I4LI (52.36%) were calculated with the application of phosphorus + bacteria. The maximum PY (4542 kg ha−1) was produced with the spray of nano-Si and the application of chemical phosphorus (4670 kg ha−1). The spray of nano-silicon and the combined application of phosphorus + bacterial lead to higher uptake of nutrient (Si, N, P and K). It can be concluded that the spray of nano-silicon and the application of chemical fertilizer + bacterial can increase the yields and control the blast disease in the rice fields.

Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth and yield on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

A field experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Farm, School of Agriculture, ITM University, Gwalior, during summer 2019 to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and yield of lady finger. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with factorial arrangement having three replications. The treatment consisted of four nitrogen levels viz., 75 kg/ha (N1), 100 kg/ha (N2), 125kg/ha (N3) and 150kg/ha (N4) and three phosphorus levels i.e., 75 kg/ha (P1), 75 kg/ha (P2) and 75 kg/ha (P3). The results of experiment revealed that the different nitrogen and phosphorus levels, both significantly affected the plant height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, number of nodes on main stem, internodal length and fruit yield per hectare. The treatment combination consisting of application of nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha with combined application of phosphorus @ 100 kg/ha produced significantly maximum plant height(141.99 cm),number of branches per plant (2.85), number of leaves per plant (22.91), number of nodes (19.23cm), length of internode (8.42cm) and fruit yield per hectare (17.77) at maximum crop growth stage followed by application of nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha with combined application of phosphorus@75 kg/ha as compared to all the remaining treatment combinations. It is concluded that application of optimum level of nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha with combined application of phosphorus @ 100 kg/ha recorded the maximum plant growth and fruit yield of okra.

Interaction effect of phosphosrus and sulphur application on nutrient uptake, yield and yield attributing parameters of black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper

The experiment comprising of four levels of phosphorus, i.e., 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1 and three levels of sulphur, i.e., 0, 15 and 30 kg ha-1, was conducted during summer of 2015-16 to investigate the interaction effect of phosphorus and sulphur application on nutrients uptake and yield of black gram cv. Uttara. The treatments were laid in randomized block design (Factorial) with three replications. The results revealed utmost concentration and uptake of phosphorus in seed (0.376% and 3.59 kg ha-1) and stover (0.266% and 6.38 kg ha-1) and sulphur in seed (0.397% and 3.79 kg ha-1) and stover (0.134% and 3.21 kg ha-1) with combined application of phosphorus 60 kg and sulphur 30 kg ha-1, indicating synergistic effect of phosphorus and sulphur on nutrient uptake, respectively. The results also revealed that combined application of phosphorus and sulphur showed synergistic effect on seed and stover yield of black gram with increasing levels of phosphorus and sulphur up to highest level as both the nutrients mutually help absorption and utilization by black gram probably due to balanced nutrition. The seed and stover yield were 955.50 and 2398.30 kg ha-1 with combined application of phosphorus 60 kg and sulphur 30 kg ha-1. The yield attributes of black gram viz., plant height, number of pods plant-1 and 100 seeds weight also increased significantly with increasing levels of phosphorus and sulphur up to highest level and the optimum values were recorded with combined application of phosphorus 60 kg and sulphur 30 kg ha-1. However, non-significant response of phosphorus and sulphur application has been observed in case of plant population (m-2).

Studies on nutritional requirement of young arabica coffee under shaded condition

Studies on Nutritional Requirement of Young Arabica Coffee under Shaded Condition Field experiment was conducted in young coffee plantation at Central Coffee Research Institute, Karnataka to study the effect of different levels of fertilizers, sources of phosphorus with and without microbial inoculants on arabica coffee (Coffea arabica cv. Chandragiri). There were 12 treatment combinations replicated thrice with three levels of fertilizers, two sources of phosphorus and with and without microbial inoculants. The experiment results revealed that combined application of phosphorus (20:20:20 g/ plant/year) with microbial inoculants recorded significantly highest growth parameters such as stem girth (27.53 mm/plant), bush spread (101.85 cm/plant), number of primaries (13.63), length of longest primary (72.29 cm/plant) and number of nodes on longest primary (16.42) at all the growth intervals compared to other levels of fertilizers. Among the sources of phosphorus, application of 50 % rock phosphate along with 50 % single super phosphate registered significantly highest growth parameters over application of only 100 % rock phosphate and treatment inoculated with microbial inoculants recorded significantly higher growth, dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake over un-inoculated treatments...

Effect of weeding and fertilisation on bark thickness and stem form of seven pine species on a low-elevation site at Usutu, Swaziland

On a low-elevation site at Usutu alternative species to Pinus elliottii, the species recommended in the past for such sites, were planted to evaluate growth differences. At rotation age, destructive stem profile analyses were conducted on some of the trees in order to fit a taper equation with mixed effects linear modelling to the data, as very little information is currently available for these alternative species. The effects of the combined application of phosphorus and potassium fertiliser and intensive weeding on stem form were also investigated. The application of fertiliser and weeding affected the stem form of some species in the trial. The results were, however, not consistent across all seven species. These results highlight the importance of developing accurate volume estimation models for each of the species, and preferably to have separate models for unfertilised and fertilised trees as volume errors, ranging from an overestimation of 4% to an underestimation of 10%, might occur if the changes in stem form as a result of fertilisation and weeding are not taken into account.

RESPONSE OF PIGEONPEA TO PHOSPHORUS AND SULPHUR NUTRITION

Field experiments were conducted over a period of two years (1989, 1990-91) at the Millet Breeding Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The results showed that combined application of phosphorus and sulphur had resulted in the increased yield or pigconpca. Appliciation of phosphorus at 20 kg/ha and sulphur at 20 kg/ha was found to be the optimum for getting the increased yield of pigeonpea.

INTEGRATION OF MOISTURE AND FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR EARLY GROWTH AND ESTABLISHMENT OF EUCALYPTUS ON A SKELETALLY DEGRADED DRY LAND

SUMMARY A field experiment was conducted on skeletally degraded forest land in a semi-arid region of southern India to study the effect of varying levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and water harvesting on the early growth and establishment of Eucalyptus tereticornis. The application of either phosphorus (as phosphate) or water harvesting increased plant survival rate, tree height, above-ground biomass and root biomass. Compared with the control, the combined application of phosphorus (10 kg P2O5 ha-1) and water harvesting increased tree height by 60% to 205 cm, above-ground biomass by 367% to 14.75 quintals (100 kg) ha-1, and root biomass by 565% to 4.39 quintals ha-1. Survival and growth of eucalyptus was adversely affected by nitrogen application alone (preplanting) in such a dry zone where for the greater part of the year the soil moisture content remained below 3.5 per cent in the 75 cm profile.