Dillenia nagalim (Dilleniaceae), a new species, has been described from Manipur, Northeast India. The newly described species shows close morphological similarity to D. pentagyna and D. hookeri but differs from the latter in having a short habit of 2–4 feet tall, an amplexicaul short petiole, leaves with double serrate margins, an acuminate leaf apex, showy flowers, numerous stamens, and 7–8 carpels. We have highlighted the diagnostic morphological characters, colour photographs, phenology, conservation status, and artificial keys for easy identification. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the rbcL gene supports it as a new species. The discovery of this new species highlights the phytogeographical importance of the region situated within the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, where anthropogenic activities are intense and considered as “vulnerable (VU D2)” under the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

The present investigation on the angiosperm flowering plants revealed two families, viz., Petiveriaceae and Talinaceae, for the first time in the flora of Manipur, Northeast India. Rivina humilis L. represents the family Petiveriaceae, whereas Talinaceae is represented by Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. and T. fruticosum (L) Juss. respectively. According to the available literature, all three taxa recorded, viz., R. humilis, T. paniculatum and T. fruticosum, are introduced plants and their occurrence in Manipur indicates that they have expanded their distributional range within the state. Detailed morphological descriptions and colour photographs are provided for easy identification.

ABSTRACT Four new species of the genus Phaeocollybia (Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales) from Yunnan Province, southwestern China, namely, P. ochrilata, P. conicogregaria, P. profundirhizoidea, and P. purpureorosea, are described and illustrated based on morphological data and multilocus phylogenetic analyses from DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2). Our phylogenetic analyses revealed that the four new species belong to P. subgen. Phaeocollybia. Color photos of fresh basidiomata, line drawings of microscopic features, and their comparisons with allied taxa are presented.

PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of a novel surgical technique using a sub-perfluorodecalin (PFD, RT DECALIN) injection of ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) to stabilize inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flaps for the treatment of macular hole retinal detachment (MHRD) in highly myopic eyes. This technique addresses the challenges of ILM flap displacement and stability.Patients and MethodsThis retrospective, interventional case series included seven eyes of seven patients with MHRD who underwent surgery using sub-PFD injection of OVD to stabilize inverted ILM flaps. Pre- and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Ethical approval was obtained, and all patients provided informed consent. Fundus color photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were used to assess anatomical outcomes.ResultsThe study included seven eyes of seven patients (mean age: 61.86±4.30 years; follow-up: 6 months). All eyes achieved successful macular hole closure, with near-normal foveal contour observed in five (71.43%) eyes at the final follow-up. BCVA improved significantly from 2.03±0.38 logMAR to 1.20±0.54 logMAR (P = 0.0024). No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed.ConclusionSub-PFD injection of OVD for stabilization of the inverted ILM flap was feasible and was associated with favorable short-term anatomical outcomes in highly myopic eyes with MHRD. Improvement in BCVA was also observed during follow-up. This innovative approach offers a promising solution to the challenges associated with MHRD in highly myopic eyes.

Diabetic Retinopathy Severity on Ultrawide-Field Fluorescein Angiography Versus Color Photography and Association With Risk of Disease Worsening

Show Me the Brain!! (SMtB) is a digital system for interactive graphics that is designed to support instruction in neuroanatomy and neuroscience. It will soon be made open-source and freely available. SMtB bridges medical and traditional neuroanatomy instruction with the computational systems and representational conventions common in contemporary human neuroimaging research, including an open-source programming environment, MRI-based atlases, standardized coordinate systems, and white matter pathways. The graphical component of SMtB brings together several forms of high-resolution imagery of the human brain, including 3D models of brain structures, color photography of Visible Human 2.0 cryosections, and structural MRI. These are co-registered in a single representation, and they are explored in an intuitive 3D environment through direct interaction and through links in embedded HTML documents. A key innovation in the system is the SMtB Scripting Language (SMtB-SL). This is a formal representation of the graphical display and user interaction that can be generated automatically through simple authoring tools. The result is a high-level authoring of scenes, assemblies, narratives, and tests that can be used to present material to users and implement learning strategies. SMtB supports multiple use cases: as a tool for self-directed learning, a classroom instructional tool, a research-grade neuroimaging data viewer, and a platform for experimental studies in learning and education. Its core digital design supports multiple forms of expansion and future development. We describe the system's architecture, the pedagogical principles behind its design, and applications of the system in neuroscience education and research.

Chilika Lagoon, India, is a biodiversity hotspot that is home to over 200 fish species and supports the livelihoods of over 400 000 fishers. A detailed record of fish names was previously undertaken; however, our initial field observations revealed differences in fish naming from those documented in the literature. This study examines local nomenclature of Chilika fishes in greater detail, with an emphasis on intra-cultural variation in fisher knowledge by taking an age-gender-village approach. Fieldwork was executed in three fishing villages across the lagoon by showing 56 colour photos of important fish to 108 local community members. Within each village, an equal number of respondents were selected across each of the three age groups and genders. The local name was documented for each fish, and the responses were analyzed according to age, gender, and village. Across all photos, a total of 753 unique names were recorded, with many of these names attributed to phonetic differences. No notable age and gender differences in fish identification exist, except men were able to identify several fishes with higher success than women, and differences in fish naming exist across the three villages. This study revealed that the local names ascribed to Chilika fish were more extensive than documented in previous literature. This study emphasizes the importance of surveying basin-wide to capture the range of names associated with each fish species.

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a New World Monkey that frequently serves as a model in biomedical research. Our knowledge of its anatomy is the fundament of the provision of the correct environment, housing, and care together with provision of accurate medical care in the case it gets wounded. In this anatomical research article, the focus is on the hand musculature, as it plays a pivotal role in the interaction with the environment and conspecifics. Surprisingly, anatomical works on the common marmoset are scarce. The available books and atlases are either outdated in terms of illustrations, providing only simplified line drawings, and/or fail to recapitulate the anatomy of the hand using contemporary anatomical nomenclature. The present work describes the myology of the hand, based on dissections of common marmoset cadavers. Color photographs taken during the subsequent steps of the examinations lead the reader through the textual descriptions. Dorsal and palmar views of the antebrachial muscles with influence on the wrist and hand as well as the intrinsic hand musculature are scrutinized. The findings are finally discussed in view of potential contradictions with the available literature. In addition, comparison is made with the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) whose hand musculature was recently revisited. It is concluded that the hand musculature of both species is highly similar, although remarkable differences are present. This work could serve as an anatomical foundation for medical interventions of the injured hand.

Cyphostemma annamalaii, a new species of Vitaceae, is described and illustrated from the tropical dry forests of southern Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu. The species is an herbaceous climber closely allied to Cyphostemma setosum, but can be easily distinguished by its leaves trifoliolate with elliptical in shape, apex obtuse-mucronate, base cordate-truncate, terminal leaflet is smaller than the lateral ones, stipules ovate-lanceolate, bracts and bracteoles are ovate, petals greenish-white that are reddish-brown on the upper half, and berries are yellow in colour. A detailed morphological description, a comparative table of allied species, colour photographs, a distribution map, and the species conservation status are provided.

ABSTRACT The nemourid genera Indonemoura and Nemoura are recorded for the first time from Chongqing Municipality in southwestern China. We illustrate five nemourid species with colour photographs, including Indonemoura yintiaolinga sp. n., and four species newly recorded from Chongqing, and establish a new synonymy: Amphinemura annulata Du and Ji Amphinemura unihamata (Wu). The new species is compared with related congeners. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:09E1DA80-8086-4758-A798-9856E8141D29

ABSTRACT In the present communication, a species of Russula ( R. punjabensis ) belonging to Russula subg. Compactae has been described from Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. This taxon is presented here as a new record for the Indian mycota. Detailed morphological descriptions, color photographs, line drawings, and molecular phylogeny are provided.

Rauvolfia hookeri (Apocynaceae), a critically endangered species of the Western Ghats, is closely allied with R. micrantha in several morphological attributes. Owing to this similarity, the taxonomic identity of the species has remained uncertain. Since its original publication, distinguishing the two taxa solely on morphological grounds has proven challenging. Traditionally, peduncle length and the number of lateral nerves has been employed as the primary diagnostic characters to separate R. hookeri from R. micrantha. The present study provides a revised description of R. hookeri, supplemented with colour photographs, illustrations, and a detailed comparative account of diagnostic characters between the two species. In addition, the lectotypification of the name R. hookeri is discussed herein.

Choroideremia is an X-linked chorioretinal dystrophy with well-characterized progression in affected males but variable phenotypes in female carriers. Understanding the phenotypic spectrum in female carriers is important for prognosis, monitoring, and trial design. This study aims to delineate the natural history of retinal phenotypes and visual function loss in female choroideremia carriers and establish an improved fundus grading system for disease stratification and prognostic prediction. This single-center, longitudinal and cross-sectional, retrospective study included 64 genetically confirmed female choroideremia carriers. Clinical data included genotype, age, best-corrected visual acuity, color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, visual field testing, and full-field electroretinography. A novel fundus phenotypic grading system was proposed based on fundus autofluorescence and fundus color photographs, which included four types: granular (merged fine/coarse patterns), severe peripapillary atrophy (highlighting severe peripapillary atrophy as a crucial feature), localized atrophy, and widespread atrophy. The agreement between measurement-based grading and visual grading was assessed. Visual acuity and fundus phenotypes showed moderate interocular symmetry, while visual field and electroretinography metrics showed high interocular symmetry. At baseline, phenotypes included granular (76.3%), severe peripapillary atrophy (7.5%), localized atrophy (10.8%), and widespread atrophy (5.4%). Longitudinally, the granular type remained stable, while other types progressed, with a mean atrophy expansion rate of 3.1mm2/year. Age did not correlate with visual function decline, and neither age nor genotype was linked to the severe fundus phenotype. Baseline phenotype was the strongest predictor of prognosis. Excellent agreement (weighted κ = 0.93) was observed between the measurement-based and visual grading methods. We proposed a novel fundus grading system for choroideremia carriers and demonstrated its strong clinical utility and prognostic value. The granular type confers a favorable prognosis, whereas the other three types exhibit progressive deterioration. Baseline phenotypic grading is the best indicator of long-term outcomes, underscoring its value in clinical monitoring and therapeutic trial design.

interfere with day-to-day tasks that require attention to detail and accuracy. 4,6lthough numerous studies have assessed visual health in industrial and safety-critical professions, limited attention has been paid to the hotel industry-a sector with high visual demands yet minimal routine screening for visual disorders. 6,7,[9][10]0][11] There is an evident need for focused research to understand the extent of visual acuity and CVD in this workforce, particularly within the Indian context.The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence and patterns of visual impairments among hotel industry personnel, an area that remains relatively underexplored in occupational health research. IntroductIonNormal visual acuity and color vision are essential for effective functioning in numerous professions, each demanding specific visual capabilities for precision, safety, and productivity.The ability to perceive fine details and distinguish colors accurately plays a vital role in fields like dye matching, paint mixing, fruit sorting, art restoration, and color photography, where color perception is central to task execution. 1,2n regulated sectors such as transportation, aviation, marine navigation, and military operations, adherence to color-coded systems is a safety-critical requirement. 3In hotel settings, staff rely on near and distant vision to read reservations, deliver timely services, and inspect cleanliness, while color vision is crucial in areas such as interior decoration, food presentation, and room maintenance. 4,5mployees with uncorrected visual impairments may struggle to meet expected standards, leading to reduced service quality and lower customer satisfaction. 6espite the importance of visual competence, particularly color vision, in occupational settings, data on the prevalence of color vision deficiencies (CVD) among Indian workers remain sparse. 7lobally, approximately 8% of men and 0.5% of women are affected by CVD-most commonly red-green deficiency. 8imilarly, refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism contribute significantly to visual morbidity.In visually intensive environments such as hotels, such impairments may

In the present communication, Paxillus mandalensis belonging to the family Paxillaceae is described from Uttarakhand, India. P. mandalensis is characterized by infundibuliform pileus with decurrent yellowish‐brown lamellae, inrolled margins, ellipsoidal and smooth basidiospores, abundant pleurocystidia with hooked‐shaped apex, presence of clamp connections in the pileipellis and occurring under Quercus leucotrichophora , and strong pleasant fruity smell. P. mandalensis is described here as a new species from the Indian Himalaya with detailed morphological description accompanied with color photographs of the basidiomata, and illustrations of the main anatomical features and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer‐based molecular phylogeny.

Pellagra-Fine arts and literature: A short journey from Pietro Belloti and Johann Wolfgang Goethe to John Wesley Caroll and Amedeo John Engel Terzi.

Inner retinal lipid deposits: reversible changes in lipemia retinalis.

Litsea meesapulimalaiana Revathy V. & Robi, and L. idukkiana Robi & Revathy V. (Lauraceae) are described and illustrated as new species from Kerala, India. They morphologically resemble L. gorayana and L. ligustrina, respectively, but there are consistent differences. Detailed descriptions, data on distribution and phenology, illustrations and colour photographs are provided to facilitate identification of the new species, along with a comparison with L. gorayana and L. ligustrina.

This book is about connection in its broadest sense, linking the reader's inquiring spirit to the authors' and their group's experiences at a three-day training event. The book is about the psychodramatic method as lived by a master director and trainer of psychodramatists. The authors report the moment-to-moment interactions among the director and the group, the camera videographers, and the interviewer or coproducer. The book is an illustration of the maxim that psychodrama directors-in-training fall asleep each night and wake to each morning to the refrain, "Show me, don't tell me." One hundred and thirty-four color photographs, taken from the videotaped sessions, help connect the reader to the dramatic action through verbatim reflections that tell the stories of the group members, their trainer, and their parallel, and not so parallel, lives.

Degree of circular polarization (DOCP) of reflected light is an intriguing optical phenomenon of chiral photonic materials; however, it remains underexploited. This is especially the case with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), despite the fact that their angle-dependent structural color has been overwhelmingly attended to. Herein, CNC-based chiral photonic materials capable of dual actuation are constructed by vacuum-assisted self-assembly. Leveraging femtosecond laser machining, complex structural color 3D shapes, and crawling robotic devices are produced from these materials. The incident angle-incident lasing wavelength-reflected light DOCP correlation and DOCP-based ternary code are established, based on which a secure and efficient robotic information transmission strategy is presented, where a message is simply synthesized from structural color photos using a single-use key and the encryption security increases with photo numbers by power law. Our work unleashes the hidden potential of CNC-based soft actuators and enables them for secure and efficient robotic data transmission.