Change In Color Research Articles

Assessment of thermochromic phantoms for characterizing microwave ablation devices.

Thermochromic gel phantoms provide a controlled medium for visual assessment of thermal ablation device performance. However, there are limited studies reporting on the comparative assessment of ablation profiles assessed in thermochromic gel phantoms against those in ex vivo tissue. The objective of this study was to compare microwave ablation zones in a thermochromic tissue mimicking gel phantom and ex vivo bovine liver, and to report on measurements of the temperature dependent dielectric and thermal properties of the phantom. Thermochromic polyacrylamide phantoms were fabricated following a previously reported protocol. Phantom samples were heated to temperatures in the range of 20 - 90 °C in a temperature-controlled water bath, and colorimetric analysis of images of the phantom taken after heating were used to develop a calibration between color changes and temperature to which the phantom was heated. Using a custom, 2.45 GHz water-cooled microwave ablation antenna, ablations were performed in fresh ex vivo liver and phantoms using 65 W applied for 5 min or 10 min ( n = 3 samples in each medium for each power/time combination). Broadband (500 MHz - 6 GHz) temperature-dependent dielectric and thermal properties of the phantom were measured over the temperature range 22 - 100 °C. Colorimetric analysis showed that the sharp change in gel phantom color commences at a temperature of 57 °C. Short and long axes of the ablation zone in the phantom (as assessed by the 57 °C isotherm) for 65 W, 5 min ablations were aligned with extents of the ablation zone observed in ex vivo bovine liver. However, for the 65 W, 10 min setting, ablations in the phantom were on average 23.7% smaller in short axis and 7.4 % smaller in long axis than those observed in ex vivo liver. Measurements of the temperature dependent relative permittivity, thermal conductivity, and volumetric heat capacity of the phantom largely followed similar trends to published values for ex vivo liver tissue. Thermochromic tissue mimicking phantoms provide a controlled, and reproducible medium for comparative assessment of microwave ablation devices and energy delivery settings, though ablation zone size and shapes may not accurately represent ablation sizes and shapes observed in ex vivo liver tissue under similar conditions.

Novel benzothiazole-based fluorescent probe for efficient detection of Cu2+/S2− and Zn2+ and its applicability in cell imaging

BackgroundIn recent years, environmental pollution has been increasing due to the excessive emission of toxic ions, which has caused serious harm to human health and ecological environment. There are various methods for detecting Cu2+, S2− and Zn2+, but the traditional ion detection methods have obvious disadvantages, such as poor selectivity and long detection time. Therefore, it is still crucial to develop simple, efficient and rapid detection methods. ResultsA fluorescent probe based on benzothiazole, (E)-N'-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzylidene)-3,4,5-tris(benzyloxy)benzohydrazide (BT), was designed and synthesized. It was characterized using ESI-MS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. BT can be used as a chemosensor to detect Cu2+, S2− and Zn2+ in CH3CN/H2O (7:3, v/v, pH = 7.4, HEPES buffer: 0.1 M), with detection limits of 0.301 μM, 0.017 μM, and 0.535 μM, respectively. At an excitation wavelength of 320 nm, BT exhibits an “on-off-on” response to Cu2+/S2− and enhanced fluorescence response to Zn2+, with a change in fluorescence color from orange to green. The coordination ratio of ions to the probe was determined to be 1:1 through Job's plot and hydrogen spectral titration. The recognition mechanism was discussed in conjunction with theoretical calculations. Furthermore, the probe has been successfully used in test strips and medical swabs colorimetry, as well as live cell imaging. SignificanceThe probe BT lays the foundation for the design and synthesis of multifunctional fluorescent probes. As a portable detection method, probe BT was used to detect Cu2+, S2− and Zn2+ on strips. Furthermore, the probe was applied to biological cells to detect target ions with low cytotoxicity and excellent cell permeability. This indicating that it can be used as a potential candidate for tracking Cu2+ and S2− in clinical diagnostics and biological systems.

Integrated gold nanorods-based dual-signal platform for accurate total antioxidant capacity assessment in food samples

Accurate assessment of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) in food is crucial for evaluating nutritional quality and potential health benefits. This study aims to enhance the sensitivity and reliability of TAC detection through a dual-signal method, combining colorimetric and photothermal signals. Gold nanorods (AuNRs) were utilized to establish a dual-signal method duo to the colorimetric and photothermal properties. Fenton reaction can etch the AuNRs from the tips, as a result, a blue shift in the longitudinal LSPR absorption peak was obtained, leading to significant changes in color and photothermal effects, facilitating discrimination through both visual observation and thermometer measurements. In the presence of antioxidants, the Fenton reaction was suppressed or inhibited, protecting the AuNRs from etching. The colorimetric and photothermal signals were therefore positively correlated with TAC levels, enabling dual-signal detection of TAC. The linear range of AA was 4–100 μM in both colorimetry and photothermal modes, with detection limits of 1.60 μM and 1.38 μM, respectively. This dual-signal approach achieves low detection limits, enhancing precision and sensitivity. The method thus has the potential to act as a promising candidate for TAC detection in food samples, contributing to improved food quality and safety assessment.

Impact of harvest time on cold storage performance in Kiwifruit

In the present study the fruits of the cultivar 'Hayward' kiwifruit were harvested at a total soluble solid content of 5–6 % (Harvest I, H1), 6.1–7.0 % (Harvest II, H2), 7.1–8.0 % (Harvest III, H3) and 8.1–9.0 % (Harvest IV, H4) and stored at 0±1°C temperature and 85–90 % relative humidity (RH) conditions for 6 months. Changes in fruit flesh color, flesh firmness, soluble solids content (%), titratable acidity (TA), individual sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose), ascorbic acid content, antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP), total phenolic content, weight loss and marketable fruit were observed at one month intervals. In kiwifruits, an increase was observed in health benefit compounds such as ascorbic acid and total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity by progressing of harvest times. However, early (H1) and late (H4) harvest times led to faster loss in fruit firmness, significant loss in titratable acidity and soluble solid content, higher weight loss rates in fruit. The results show that the second and third harvest times, when the soluble solids content of the fruit is 6.1–7.0 % (H2) and 7.1–8.0 %(H3), seem to be optimum in terms of quality preservation for 'Hayward' kiwis grown in the Black Sea Coast and provides health benefits with a higher marketable fruit rate after 180 days of cold storage. Finally, there was a positive correlation between SCC and sucrose, glucose, fructose. There was a negative relationship between fruit SSC and flesh firmness, TA, L*, C*, h° after 6 months of storage. And also there was a negative correlation between weight loss and marketable product quantity, fruit flesh firmness.

A new benzil-based chemosensor for colorimetric and fluorometric detection of Cu2+ with high selectivity and sensitivity in living cells

A novel benzil-based probe DBBQ containing two julolidine Schiff base arms was synthesized and demonstrated for its highly selective and sensitive detection of Cu2+ ions in CH3CN: HEPES buffers (3:2, v/v, pH=7.4). Upon the addition of Cu2+ ions, the absorption of the probe exhibited remarkable change in color from yellow to brown, which could be easily observed by the naked eyes. In addition, probe DBBQ displayed highly selective fluorescence quenching signal for Cu2+ ions over a wide range of competitive substances. The fluorescence intensity of DBBQ in CH3CN: HEPES buffer (3:2, v/v, pH=7.4) solution showed a good linear response relationship to Cu2+ ions in the range of 0–2.5 μΜ and low detection limit of 0.41 μM. The binding ratio between DBBQ and Cu2+ ions was determined to be 1:1. Probe DBBQ could be potentially used as a chemosensor for Cu2+ ions in living HepG2 cells.

Bioinspired Low-Angle-Dependent Photonic Crystal Elastomer for Highly Sensitive Visual Strain Sensor.

Photonic crystals (PCs) possess unique photonic band gap properties that can be used in the field of sensors and smart displays if modulated on the micronano structure. Both nonclose-packed (NCP) structure and high refractive index (RI) contrast of PC play important roles in response sensitivity during stretching. Herein, we constructed an NCP-structured PC strain sensor with high RI by a novel coating-etching strategy. Stretch-induced changes in structural color correspond to the strength of the force, enabling the detection of the strength of the acting force by the naked eye. The flexible 3D cross-linked network constructed by poly(ethylene glycol) phenyl ether acrylate and pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) endows the sensor with excellent elasticity and robustness. The designed PC strain sensor achieves high mechanochromic sensitivity (∼8.3 nm/%, 0.02 to 4.21 MPa) and a substantial reflection peak shift (Δλ = 249 nm). More importantly, the high RI contrast (Δn = 0.43) between CdS and polymers imparts isotropic optical properties, ensuring a broad viewing angle while avoiding misleading signals. The research provides a novel fabrication strategy to construct sensitive PC strain sensors, expanding the prospective applicability to human movement monitoring and secure message encryption.

Comparative Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses of the Regulatory Mechanism of Light Intensity in the Synthesis of Endogenous Hormones and Anthocyanins in Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl.

To explore the regulatory mechanism of endogenous hormones in the synthesis of anthocyanins in Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl (A. roxburghii) under different light intensities, this study used metabolomics and transcriptomics techniques to identify the key genes and transcription factors involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. We also analyzed the changes in and correlations between plant endogenous hormones and anthocyanin metabolites under different light intensities. The results indicate that light intensity significantly affects the levels of anthocyanin glycosides and endogenous hormones in leaves. A total of 38 anthocyanin-related differential metabolites were identified. Under 75% light transmittance (T3 treatment), the leaves exhibited the highest anthocyanin content and differentially expressed genes such as chalcone synthase (CHS), flavonol synthase (FLS), and flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase (F3'H) exhibited the highest expression levels. Additionally, 13 transcription factors were found to have regulatory relationships with 7 enzyme genes, with 11 possessing cis-elements responsive to plant hormones. The expression of six genes and two transcription factors was validated using qRT-PCR, with the results agreeing with those obtained using RNA sequencing. This study revealed that by modulating endogenous hormones and transcription factors, light intensity plays a pivotal role in regulating anthocyanin glycoside synthesis in A. roxburghii leaves. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying light-induced changes in leaf coloration and contribute to our knowledge of plant secondary metabolite regulation caused by environmental factors.

Effect of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Flour Incorporation on Quality, Antioxidant Properties, and Bioactive Compounds of Shortbread Cookies.

High nutritional value and antioxidant properties make chickpea flour a valuable substitute for wheat flour, although its texture-forming abilities are different. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of increasing the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of shortbread cookies by simple partial or complete replacement of wheat flour with chickpea flour without considerable changes in texture, color, sensory properties, or acceptability. Shortbread cookies were made from wheat flour (0% of chickpea flour), wheat flour and chickpea flour (replacement of 25%, 50%, and 75%), and chickpea flour (100%). Generally, the increase in chickpea flour share resulted in an increase in protein, fat, and ash content, as well as antioxidant properties. Polyphenol content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities increased three- to sixfold in shortbread cookies containing chickpea flour in comparison to wheat cookies. The level of proteins increased about 50% and the antioxidant properties were three to six times higher than in wheat cookies. Cookies containing up to 75% chickpea flour were assessed as very good or good quality, while only cookies without wheat flour were assessed as sufficient quality. It could be concluded that part of the wheat flour content in shortbread cookies can be replaced by chickpea flour. Application of a 25% proportion of chickpea flour increases physicochemical properties without changes in sensory properties. Sensory quality was up to 75% lower, but antioxidant properties were increased. However, complete replacement of wheat flour in shortbread cookies without changing the recipe resulted in a product of slightly lower sensory quality.

Biotyping and genotyping of seven strains of Cutibacterium acnes

Bacterial typing is the process of distinguishing between different strains, it is essential for epidemiology, identifying source of infection and guiding treatment. This study aimed to detect the biotypes and genotypes for seven strains of Cutibacterium acnes obtained from the University of Mosul, already isolated from individuals with acne vulgaris in Mosul city (Iraq) and diagnosed by the molecular method based on 16S rRNA gene. Accuracy in biotyping depended on which type of the sugar (ribose, erythritol and sorbitol) was consumed by C. acnes, each sugar was placed separately in culture media with 1% concentration in the presence of phenol red to detect sugar fermentation. The C. acnes isolates were cultured anaerobically for 3 days at 37 ºC. The results showed that four biotypes (I, III, IV and V) emerged in our isolates indicated by the change in color of the medium from orange to yellow depending on the fermentable sugar. The distribution percentage of bacteria among these biotype was dominated by the V biotype (42.8%), while the III biotype was percentage (28.6%) and the I and IV biotypes each took up a lesser percentage (14.3%). It is worth mentioning that the II biotype didn’t appear at all in any of the isolates. For genotype, it was based on genes (16s rRNA, ATPase, atpD, Toxin Fic family, recA, and soda), DNA was extracted and special primers were used, then they were amplified by PCR technique, after electrophoresis, the resulting bands showed that the seven isolates of C. acnes were distributed into two genotypes only. One of them is I A2 which the isolate CS6 belonged to, another genotype is a new one- it is worth noting that it is prevalent in six isolates out of seven, and contains (16s rRNA, ATPase, atpD, recA, and sodA) genes, and because it is a new genotype that was unique to our isolates in this study, we called it IV genotype. The conclusion of this study is that the biotyping and genotyping of C. acnes differed from other typing in another countries, therefore, caution should be exercised in using the appropriate treatment depending on the prevailing condition in the country and not adhering to what is known theoretically regarding the causes of infections.

Dual Mode Ratiometric Analysis of Cu2+ and Ni2+ Ions at Physiological pH: Effect of Signalling Units on Analytical Efficacy

AbstractHerein, we report the metal ion sensing property of two 2,2’‐bis (pyridylmethyl) amine‐based chromogenic probes at physiological pH in buffered media. The binding of metal ions to the bispicolyl site alters its electronic property, which subsequently influences the optical property of the covalently‐linked signaling unit. The compound experienced a change in the solution color from red to deep and light yellow respectively upon the addition of Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions. Further, it is observed that by modifying the signaling unit, one can tune the mode of metal ion binding and sensitivity. The compound with an electron‐deficient quinolinium unit as the signaling moiety, showed 2 : 1 stoichiometry of binding with metal ions, while the compound functionalized with a pyrene unit formed complexes with 1 : 1 stoichiometry. It was conferred that changes in the signaling moiety not only alter the basicity/nucleophilicity of the pyridine nitrogen ends but also influence their aggregation properties. Such kind of studies will be beneficial for engineering new optical probes with tuneable sensitivity.

Chameleon photonic crystals: Acid-induced emission and absorption shifts for sensor applications

Thanks to their optical properties, photonic crystals are a very interesting group of modern materials. Their applicability is further enhanced by the possibility of doping with stimuli-responsive compounds. This paper presents a preparation and characterization of photonic crystals doped with a luminescent dye – ethyl eosin. By doping with this dye, a material with sensor properties and unique optical properties such as angle-dependent emission was obtained. The study focused on determining the luminescence properties of the opals and the dye, specifically their quantum yield (QY). Moreover, the obtained dye-doped photonic crystals exhibit a rapid change in luminescence properties and color after contact with vapors of inorganic acids commonly used in industry. Furthermore, a three-dimensional opal doped with ethyl eosin exhibits a selective change in the presence of nitric acid(V), unlike the dye solution. These luminescent and sensing properties, coupled with reversibility, make this material fascinating.

Chemiluminescence method for evaluating photooxidative degradation of dispensed drugs: a potential new drug information tool

BackgroundDispensed drugs stored by patients are often in single-dose packages (SDPs) or are crushed and mixed after being removed from a press-through package (PTP) sheet. Information on their stability is extremely limited. To address this, we explored using chemiluminescence (CL) measurements to detect oxidative degradation.MethodsEight amlodipine, 14 telmisartan, and two warfarin preparations were used as specimens. These preparations were stored at room temperature under various conditions, after which CL was measured. Cellopoly packaging paper was used for SDP. Three light conditions were used (Condition A: darkness, Condition B: indoor diffused light (approximately 400 lx), and Condition C: exposure to 4,000 lx). CL cumulative light output was measured every minute under nitrogen gas conduction and with a sample chamber temperature of 150 °C, for a maximum of 10 min. Luminescence images were obtained simultaneously with the CL measurements.ResultsCL was observed on light-exposed tablet surfaces. For each preparation, an increase in the CL value was observed with the duration of light exposure. In the same preparation with the same exposure time, CL tended to be higher in the order of Condition A < B < C. Moreover, CL increased even when no changes in color were observed by the naked eye. A comparison between preparations with the same main ingredients showed differences in the rate of increase in CL with exposure, and each was found to show a different reactivity to light.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to visually capture the surface oxidation of tablets exposed to light using the CL method. The CL values, thought to be derived from photooxidation, increased with exposure of tablets and powders to light after SDP. This method can sensitively assess drug degradation due to photooxidation. Further research is needed to establish a CL method for assessing the stability of preparations in clinical settings.

Multi-omics analysis revealed the difference in pigment accumulation profiles between Syringa oblata and S. oblata var. alba

Syringa oblata (So) and its variety S. oblata var. alba (Soa) are famous flowering shrubs with high ornamental value due to their beautiful inflorescence. The flower colors of So (purple) and Soa (white) differ significantly. In this study, pigment contents were detected and flavonoid and anthocyanin metabolites were determined by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS methods. Combined with transcriptome analysis, the key genes related to anthocyanin accumulation were obtained to explore the reasons for the difference in flower colors. The results showed that the total anthocyanin content was obviously higher in So than in Soa. The differential metabolites annotated in anthocyanin biosynthesis were significantly up-regulated, and conversely, the differential metabolites in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis were down-regulated in So compared by Soa, with similar results revealed by the analysis of the top 20 fold change metabolites. It is explained that the anthocyanins and chlorophylls were the key pigment for the difference in flower color between So and Soa. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of anthocyanins showed that delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside were the major anthocyanins in So, and their contents were significantly higher than other anthocyanins. However, the levels of major anthocyanins in Soa were very low, resulting in its white flower. In addition, high levels of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, rutin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside and naringenin were detected in flowers. These metabolites could play the roles of co-pigments in So and major pigments in Soa, respectively. Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside were markedly elevated from initial flower bud (IFB) to flower bud (FB), which contributed to the anthocyanin accumulation and the flower color change in So, while the reduction of chlorophyll content was the main reason for the change in flower color from green to white in Soa. The integrated analysis showed that the genes (F3GT, FLS and F3H) might play the key roles in flower color formation. The study revealed the reason for the flower color variation between So and Soa and the flower color change during the development. It will provide the metabolites fundamental for research on flower color breeding in Syringa.

The effect of nano propolis on surface color changes of nanohybrid composite resins

Background: Nanohybrid composite resins have many advantages, but one disadvantage is their absorbent nature which can lead to discoloration. Phenols and flavonoids in nano propolis cause diffusion and affect the matrix and pigments of nanohybrid composite resins. The accumulation of reduction-oxidation reactions causes new compounds of nanohybrid composite resins to occur so that they have different colors. Objective: The study was conducted to determine the changes in surface color of nanohybrid composite resin after immersion in nano propolis at 5% concentration. Methods: Research experimental laboratory method with pre and post test design was applied to 25 nanohybrid composite resin fruit samples of size (5x5x1.5) mm embedded in bovine incisive, then immersed in 5% nano propolis and 25 ml of distilled water at 37oC for five days. The color change (ΔE) was measured with a DSLR camera and processed with Adobe Lightroom Classic software in CIE L*a*b* format. Results: The anova test on ΔE in the data showed the p-value of sphericity assumed was smaller than 0.05. There is a difference in the average measurement results on the first day to the fifth day in the treatment group. Independent t-test of control and treatment data showed a significant difference in measurement results. The results of the post hoc test with the Tukey method showed that the treatment groups at 4x24 hours and 5x24 hours did not have significant differences. P-value at 4x24 hours and 5x24 hours was 0.957. Conclusion: There was a change in the surface color of the nanohybrid composite resin after being immersed in a nano-solution of propolis with a concentration of 5%.

Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Pandila Tree Leaves (Saurauia Tristlyla Dc) From Tibo Village

Introduction: The Pandila tree known as pandila (Saurauia tristlyla DC) is one of the plants that has been traditionally used as a medicinal material. Pandila has been traditionally used by the community as a medicine for external and internal diseases, for example, pandila leaves are believed by the Tibo Village community to absorb congealed blood due to accidents. This study aims to determine the secondary metabolite content and antioxidant activity of pandila leaves. Method: The research method used in this study is a descriptive method by looking at changes in color and liquid form in alkaloids, Flavonoid, Tannin, Saponin, Steroid, Terpenoid, and Carotenoid compounds. Phytochemical analysis was carried out on 96% ethanol extract of pandila leaves. The DPPH method was used to determine the antioxidant activity. The results of phytochemical analysis obtained on the leaves of Pandila tree leaves (Saurauia Tristlyla DC) using 96% ethanol solvent are old leaf extracts and young leaves of pandila positively contain 3 compounds namely Tannins, Steroids, and Carotenoids. Results and Discussion: The results of the antioxidant activity test of Pandila leaf extract using the DPPH method on old leaves have an IC50 of 101, 2844 ppm including in the moderate category, and on young leaves have an IC50 of 76.688 ppm which is included in the strong category. Conclusion: Pandila tree leaves are still safe to be used as traditional medicine, by looking at the tannin, steroid, and carotenoid compounds contained in pandila leaves. In addition, the results of antioxidant activity analysis are also a supporting factor where the antioxidant content in old leaves and young leaves of Pandila trees is classified as strong and moderate, so this plant is still safe to be used as a traditional medicinal plant.

Development of a Pyrone-Fused Tricyclic Scaffold-based Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Al3+ Detection.

Aluminum (Al3+) is environmentally abundant and can harm living organisms in various ways, such as by inhibiting root growth, damaging faunal nervous systems, and promoting tumor cell proliferation. However, the dynamics of Al3+ in living organisms are largely unknown; thus, detecting Al3+ in the environment and organisms is crucial. Fluorescent probes are useful tools for the selective detection of metal ions. In particular, ratiometric fluorescent probes exhibit a detection response at two different maximum fluorescence emission wavelengths; which is advantageous for avoiding the influence of background fluorescence. A novel pyrone-fused tricyclic scaffold-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for detecting Al3+, ethyl 11-imino-1-oxo-3-phenyl-1H,11H-pyrano[4,3-b] quinolizine-5-carboxylate (PQ), was developed in this study. The PQ fluorescence blue shifted from 505 to 457nm upon the addition of Al3+. The blue shift was accompanied by a change in the fluorescence color of the PQ solution from green to blue. Fluorescence titration experiments demonstrated that the fluorescence intensity ratio at the two peaks of interest (457/505nm) increased in a concentration-dependent manner upon the addition of Al3+. Moreover, this study demonstrated that a PQ-soaked paper displays a visible color change under ultraviolet light upon exposure to Al3+. The above results suggest that PQ is an effective ratiometric probe for the detection of Al3+ in the environment. Future studies will be conducted to introduce various substituents and develop fluorescent probes by leveraging the fluorescence property of a pyrone-fused tricyclic scaffolds.

Comparison of different drying methods for Wushan Codonopsis pilosula: Changes in color, microstructure, nutrients, bioactive compounds, and volatile

This study evaluated the effects of different drying methods, namely hot air drying (HAD), heat pump drying (HPD), microwave drying (MD), vacuum freeze drying (VFD), and sun drying (SD) on the quality of Wushan Codonopsis pilosula (WCP). Results showed that HAD and HPD were effective in retaining the alcohol -soluble leachate content, with the retention rates of 91.76 % and 91.32 %, respectively. The most attractive appearance was observed in VFD-WCP. There was no significant difference between the polysaccharide content of VFD-WCP and HPD-WCP, which were 202.62 mg/g and 201.71 mg/g, respectively. MD and SD were detrimental to the retention of color, physicochemical indicators, and atractylenolide III. The content of lobetyolin was increased significantly (P < 0.05) after drying, following this trend: HPD > HAD > VFD > MD > SD > Fresh. The aroma characteristics of WCP were altered by the drying process. However, the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that HAD and HPD produce similar aromatic characteristics with traditional SD. Overall, HPD shows promise as a replacement for SD, not only for increasing drying efficiency but also for improving the quality of WCP.

PH-responsive collagen nanocomposite films reinforced by curcumin-loaded Laponite nanoplatelets for dynamic visualization of shrimp freshness

Sustainable and intelligent packaging systems, utilizing biomass-derived matrix and bioactive indicators represent promising approaches for real-time detection and monitoring of freshness of food, as well as prolonging the shelf-life and improving the quality and safety of food products. Herein, we reported pH-responsive collagen nanocomposite films reinforced by curcumin-loaded Laponite nanoplatelets which could act as smart indicators for monitoring the freshness of shrimps. Caffeic acid, as a bio-based modifier, was covalently grafted onto the surfaces of the nanoplatelets loaded with curcumin. The collagen nanocomposite films were fabricated by the incorporation of functionalized nanoplatelets through all-aqueous casting-evaporation approach. The triple-helical structure of collagen molecules was stabilized by the functionalized nanoplatelets mainly through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions with uniform distribution into the film matrix. Moreover, the resultant nanocomposite films not only demonstrated favorable hydrophobicity and water vapor barrier properties, but also exhibited effective antioxidant activity and anticipated color responsiveness to pH changes and NH3 presence. The consistent changes in color of the nanocomposite film with the shrimps following days of storage supported its feasibility and potential for monitoring the freshness of shrimps. Therefore, we envision that the developed collagen-based nanocomposite films showcase great potential in the application of sustainable and intelligent packaging system for dynamic visualization of seafood freshness.

Evaluation of hot-air drying conditions of ora-pro-nobis leaves: Effects on bioactive compounds and powder properties

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hot-air drying conditions on the bioactive composition, antioxidant capacity, and technological properties of ora-pro-nobis (OPN) leaves. Drying time decreased from 300 min to 75 min, with increasing air temperature from 60 to 120 °C. There was an increase in total phenolic (1.2 to 2.4 times) and total flavonoid (1.2 to 2.1 times) contents when drying conditions were changed from 60 °C for 300 min to 100 °C for 105 min. The highest antioxidant activities were observed in samples dried at 100 or 110 °C, with positive correlations with kaempferol, catechin, trans-cinnamic acid, and hydroxybenzoic acid contents. Thus, drying at 100 °C for 105 min was considered the moist suitable condition for OPN leaves, because higher temperatures caused greater changes in color, technological properties, and powder microstructures.

Evaluating the potential of 1-methylcyclopropene treatments on physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, and shelf life of mango fruits under different storage conditions

The effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatments and storage conditions in the regulation of the physicochemical and bioactive properties of mango fruits (Mangifera indica L. cv. BARI-4) were investigated during storage. Different concentrations of 1-MCP treated samples (T0 = Control, T1 = 0.5 μL/L, T2 = 1.0 μL/L, T3 = 1.5 μL/L, and T4 = 2.0 μL/L) were stored in developed storage structure (10±1 °C and 90 % RH), cold storage (3 ± 1 °C and 80 ± 2 % RH), and ambient storage (29 ± 3 °C and 65 ± 2 % RH). The change in fruit quality including weight loss, firmness, surface color, storage life, chemical, and bioactive properties were studied periodically at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days of storage. The results demonstrated that 1-MCP treatment effectively maintained the quality of fruits by retarding the loss of weight, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), and titratable acidity, which were served as a quality parameter during storage. The 1-MCP treatment dramatically delayed the change in color, quality measures, and bioactive properties compared to the control group. The storage condition greatly influenced the postharvest quality value and storage life. In combination with the developed storage structure and 1-MCP treatment preserved the acceptability of fruits to a great extent for around 40 days. The T2 = 1.0 μL/L 1-MCP treatment preserved the fruit quality for the highest days of storage 14, 34, and 46 days in ambient storage, cold storage, and develop storage structure respectively. The developed storage structure (10 ± 1 °C and 90 % RH) with 1-MCP (1.0 μL/L) treatment suggested the optimum storage ability for preserving the postharvest storage life of mango fruits. By implementing these findings mango growers and suppliers can reduce post-harvest losses, expand market reach, and provide consumers with high-quality mangoes that retain their quality for an extended period.