Color Quality Scale Research Articles

CaO:Tb<sup>3+ </sup> green-emitting phosphor for white light-emitted diode-phosphor applications: the improvement of light output intensity

The use of CaO:Tb3+ with light green emission on for improvement of both luminescent output and chromatic fidelity of the white light emitted from a light-emitting diode (LED). The CaO:Tb3+ is combined with the yellow-emitting phosphor of YAG:Ce3+ to provide sufficient colored spectral proportion for the white light generation, enhancing the color performance. The phosphor combination is utilized for the three most applied LED structures: conformal, in-cup, and remote phosphor structures. The changes in optical properties of these three LEDs are monitored with adjustments in the proportion of CaO:Tb3+. The higher proportion of the green phosphor results in higher scattering efficiency in all structures, offering better color coordination and stronger luminous flux. The color quality scale is somehow reduced when CaO:Tb3+ concentration is more than a certain level. Therefore, depending on the phosphor configuration of the white light-emitting diode (WLED), the concentration of CaO:Tb3+ should be modified to achieve a good color rendition with improved color consistency and luminous properties.

The effects of Ca<sub>14</sub>Mg<sub>2</sub>(SiO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>8</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> phosphor on white light emission quality of LED-phosphor packages

Ca14Mg2(SiO4)8: Eu2+ (CMS:Eu2+) green phosphor is used for creating the white-light emitting diode (W-LED) packages with conversion phosphor materials. The phosphor shows the broadband green emission that peaks at 505 nm in the blue wavelength. The phosphor introduces the improvement in the blue and green emission spectra, which helps to heighten the luminous flux. Moreover, that the concentration of CMS:Eu2+ increases, the scattering events are enhanced to benefits the color blending for lower color variations or better color uniformity. The color renditions reduce with the rising green-phosphor concentration. The green-light amount becomes surplus and redundant for balancing color elements of white light emission. Thus, it should adjust and keep the concentration of CMS:Eu2+ in the range of ~2–8 wt%, to get the average number of color rendering index (CRI) (73–75), and color quality scale (CQS) (60–64). The CMS: Eu2+, hence, is suitable for white light realization, and the W-LED aiming at high-luminescence white light emission with improved color uniformity, and average rendering performances.

The use of CaO:Eu<sup>3+</sup> and Zn<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>:Mn<sup>2+</sup> phosphors to increase the color quality and illumination intensity of WLEDs

The lumen efficacy in remote phosphor structure displayed remarkable enhancements, which is notable for the development of white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). Nevertheless, its quality of colour is deemed not as good as that of the conformal or in-cup phosphor structure. Therefore, the goal of this research is to achieve a better quality of colour and significant luminous flux value for remote phosphor configuration by using extra phosphor layers. In particular, the two-layer and three-layer structures with the implementation of green and red phosphors are proposed. Comparing these two structures can help pinpoint the best suited for the WLED production. The assessment of each structure’s effect on the WLEDs’ optical parameters was determined under various correlated temperatures of colour (5,600-8,500 K). The outcomes indicated that the three-layer structure enhanced the quality of colour with greater efficiency compared to the two-layer structure due to the increased color rendering index (CRI), color quality scale (CQS), and photoluminescence (PL), and reduced colour deviation. The scattering improvement of the three-layer structure is a key factor of these accomplishments, proven by the scattering theory of Mie. Therefore, the three-layer structure is potential for developing WLED production.

Yellow-green emitting CaGa2S4:Eu2+ phosphor: an application for enhancing the luminous flux of the white light emitting diodes

The <span lang="EN-GB">optimal spectral characteristics and photometric qualities in white-emitting light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) featuring red-emitting LEDs instead of phosphor (pc/R-WLEDs) were determined using the luminescent efficiency (LE) theory. The color quality scale (Rf) is higher than 97K for correlating color temperature (CCTs) ranging between 2700K and 6500K. We first identified genuine pc/R-WLEDs having Rf levels at 96–97, LE levels at 120–124 lm/W with CCT levels at 2969K, 4468K, 5682K, as well as 6558K with the utilization of all four-color phosphors: blues (448 nm), reddish (650 nm) LEDs, greenish (507 nm), and yellowish (586 nm). When compared to phosphorus-converted white-emitting LEDs (pc-WLEDs) and quantum dots white-emitting LEDs (QD-WLEDs), the pc/R-WLEDs, rather than the QD-WLED, would make better representatives of improved color version, notably in the reduced color temperatures, and could eventually replace current pc-WLEDs</span>.

Using phosphor ZnB2O4:Mn2+ for enhancing the illuminating beam and hue standard in white light-emitting diodes

The enhancement in hue uniformity and luminous production of multiple-chip white LED lamps (MCW-LEDs) using dual-layer remote phosphor packaging designs are the emphases of this paper. We blended Mn 2+ activated strontium–barium silicate (ZnB 2 O 4 :Mn 2+ ) with the phosphor mixture and manage to record significant impacts of this new phosphor mixture on the LED lights’ lighting performance. There is evidence that the growing concentration of yellow-green-emitting ZnB 2 O 4 :Mn 2+ phosphor encourages the enhancement of hue uniformity and illumination effectiveness in MCW-LEDs with mean correlated hue heats (CCTs) of roughly 8500 K, though the color quality scale is gradually deteriorating. It is possible to successfully achieve such amazing MCW-LED performance if we choose the right concentration and size of ZnB 2 O 4 :Mn 2+ .

The impacts from SrS:Cu+,Na and LaOF:Eu3+ phosphors on color and luminous performances at 5600 K–8000 K WLEDs

In terms of lumen performance, the remote phosphor structure can yield better results than the conformal phosphor and in-cup phosphor packages. The application of such a package in LEDs might make the manipulation of the device’s chromatic performance challenging. Two remote phosphor packages are available for raising chromatic performance: one-layer and triple-layer phosphor adjustments. Using software simulation and phosphors created through specific procedures, our study was carried out to select the best adjustment that provides the best results in white LEDs (WLEDs) implemented with many chips: color rendering index (CRI), color quality scale (CQS), lumen output (LO), along with chromatic uniformity. We utilized the WLEDs at five temperatures of color between 5,600 K and 8,500 K. From the outcome, we can consider the three-layer phosphor package to have greater CRI, CQS, and lumen efficiency (LE). Notably, CQS and LE receive a roughly 30% boost compared to singular-layer package. The package can also reduce the chromatic deviation by roughly 30% to 50%, and therefore, grants a boost in chromatic homogeneity. To authenticate these outcomes, the dispersion attribute underwent examination in the layers of phosphor based on Mie-dispersion hypothesis. The outcome may prove useful for creating WLED devices with greater standards.

Research on advancing chromatic reproduction and luminosity of a WLED using triple-layer remote phosphor arrangement

In this study, the use of triple-sheet phosphor arrangement (TRP) in performing significant improvements to both color quality and luminous flux of white light emitting diode (WLEDs) is introduced. The phosphor layer of CaLaB3O7:Ce3+,Mn2+ is to accomplish green-spectra enhancement for the boost of luminous efficacy (LE), while MgB2O4:Mn2+ red phosphor layer is for red-spectra enhancement to better color rendering index (CRI) of WLEDs. The changes in these two phosphors’ concentrations present considerable effects on the yellow phosphor YAG:Ce3+ concentration, the color quality scale (CQS), CRI, and LE. Findings display the decrease of YAG:Ce3+ concentration accompanying the increase of red and green phosphor concentrations, for the stabilized average correlated color temperatures (ACCTs) between 6000 and 8500 K. Results also reveal that greater content of MgB2O4:Mn2+ leads to greater CRI value. Meanwhile using the increasing CaLaB3O7:Ce3+,Mn2+ concentration, the CRI lowers considerably. CQS, on the other hand, can increase with CaLaB3O7:Ce3+,Mn2+ concentration from 10% to 14%. Especially, given the enhancement for the CRI as well as CQS, LE value will surge to more than 40% due to the reduction of scattering light and the addition of green light. The outcome of the study is a priceless reference for light emitting diode (LED) producers.

The better distant phosphor configurations for enhancing WLED color intensity: YVO4:Eu3+ and YF3:Mn2+

The distant phosphor configuration produces more illuminating beams than the two settings containing conformal or in-cup phosphor. When this configuration is used, though, it is difficult to manage the color standard of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). As a result, in past few years, numerous studies have focused on controlling the color standard of distant phosphor configurations. Until present, two distant phosphor configurations of single- and triple-film phosphor configurations, have been used to improve color standards. This research will investigate the ideal configuration among these configurations in terms of color rendering index (CRI), color quality scale (CQS), lumen output (LO), as well as color homogeneity for multi-chip white LEDs (WLEDs). WLEDs, operating at five different temperatures of color between 5600 K and 8500 K, are used to perform the studies. The results reveal that the three-sheet phosphor setting would be more desirable, with greater CRI, CQS, and lumen efficiency (LE) indexes. Furthermore, when using a triple-layer phosphor arrangement, color variation is reduced, resulting in a rise in color consistency. This conclusion is possibly verified by using Mie theory to analyze scattering properties in distant phosphor setup, making the study findings legitimate and important data to produce more advanced WLEDs.

For improvements in chromatic scales and luminescent fluxes of white lights: developing a dual-layer remote phosphor structure

This study compares red-phosphor LaOF:Eu 3+ impacts on a single-film remote phosphor configuration (SRPC) and a double-film remote phosphor configuration (DRPC). Mie theory is used to demonstrate the relationship between light flux and color quality. SRPC is a phosphor layer consisting of LaOF:Eu 3+ particles mixed with YAG:Ce 3+ . Meanwhile, DRPC is two separate films of red and yellow phosphors. To increase scattering properties, we added 5% SiO 2 into phosphor layers. The differences in structure affect significantly white light emitting diodes’ (WLEDs’) optical properties. Attained figures and statistics show that the color rendering indices (CRIs) increase along with the concentrations of both structures, and these numbers are approximately similar. However, DPRC exhibits a color quality scale (CQS) of 74 in all examined chromatic temperatures (5600 K - 8500 K), which is greater than SRPC’s 71 at 8500 K. Besides, the luminous efficiencies (LEs) in DRPC are more outstanding than that of SRPC, at given LaOF:Eu 3+ concentration percentages (2%-14%). To summarize, DRPC offers greater benefits in luminous flux and color quality, compared to SRPC. Choosing the proper red light phosphor concentration, on the other hand, becomes a crucial aspect of achieving the ideal CQS and LEs.

Application of green-emitting ZnS:Eu<sup>2+</sup> for boosting the spectrum of white light-emitting diode packages

Through utilizing a nonlinear application to acquire the best lumen efficiency (LE) for radiation (also known as LER) when color rendering index (CRI) value, especially CRI of R9 for strong red exceeds 90 with correlated color temperature (CCT) range of 2700-6500 K, the white light emitting diodes (WLED) package with adjustable CCT value and comprised of mixed-type light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be acquired. The WLED model here contains blue and red LEDs with direct emission and a phosphorconversion blue LED or pc/B-LED (including orange and green phosphors mixed with blue LED colorant). The peak wavelengths of each LED constituent are 465 and 628 nm for LEDs in blue and red, 452 nm for the blue LED colorant, 530 and 586 nm for the phosphors exhibiting green and orange colors. Under the CCT of 2722-6464 K, the attained actual LED package, either with conversion phosphor, in red or in blue, possibly displays both CRI and R9 values measured from 90 to 96, color quality scale (CQS) values measured from 89 to 94, with LERs and LEs of 303-358 lm/W and 105-119 lm/W, respectively.

Improving optical properties of white light-emitting diodes using triple-layer remote structure

Inrecent efforts to improve the performance ofwhite light-emitting diode (WLEDs), researchers have focused on angular color uniformity (ACU), an effective index for evaluating the light quality of WLEDs. Inthis article, we also aim for the WLED development by applying three phosphor layers in the remote phosphor structure. The dual-layer phosphor (DLP) remote structure is also included in the research for comparison with the triple-layer phosphor (TLP) in terms of their impacts on the lighting quality of WLEDs. To ensure the diversity and applicability in different scenarios, performancesof multi-layer phosphor structures in WLED devices with average correlatedcolor temperatures (ACCTs) from 5600 K to 8500K are measured. The experimental results have proved that both TLP and DLP structures are suitable to enhance WLEDs’ performance as each structure excels at specific qualities. In particular, at all ACCTs, the DLP structure is getting better in improvingthe color rendering index (CRI), while the TLP is more advantageous to color quality scale (CQS) and light output. The TLP also presents a lower color deviation than the DLP does, which leads to a better color uniformity in WLEDs at all ACCTs.

Ca8MgY(PO4)7:Eu2+,Mn2+ for better angular chromatic harmony and high lumen for white diode

<p>The multifunctional phosphor Ca<sub>8</sub>MgY(PO4)7doping with Eu2+ and Mn2+ ions (CaMn) is utilized to stimulate the rate of light extraction and color harmony of the white light-emitting diode (WLED) package using remote phosphor design with two sheets of phosphor. The CaMn sheet helps to reduce the color variation and light scattering backward mainly caused by high concentration of yellow phosphor YAG:Ce3+ film. The experimental results show a gradual increase of luminous flux and significant reduction of chromatic deviation in direct proportion to the increasing concentration of CaMn phosphor. Meanwhile, with more than 9% wt of CaMn concentration, the reduction of color rendering properties is presented because of the redundant green emission, leading to the lack of blue and yellow emission energies. Good color quality scale that peaks at 63 can be achieved with 2-4%wt. CaMn in the WLED packages. It is advisable to manage the concentration the green phosphor CaMn to attain desirable optical objectives.</p>

The effects of silica-coated Y2O2S:Eu3+ red phosphor on the lighting properties of the light-emitting diode

The red phosphor Y2O2S:Eu3+ coated with silica (SiO2) nanocomposite was synthesized using the sol-gel method with dip-coating technique. The purpose of coating the poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-SiO2 composite on Y2O2S:Eu3+ phosphor’s surface is to protect the phosphor and improve its scattering ability. The three primary ingredients of coating composition include methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and SiO2 nanoparticles. Via Mie scattering theory, the scattering of SiO2 is examined, which primarily determines the scattering of PMMA-SiO2-coated Y2O2S:Eu3+. The larger particles of SiO2 in the coating composite leads to better scattering properties. When being applied in the dual-film remote phosphor configuration of a LED, SiO2@Y2O2S:Eu3+ considerably enhances the CRI and the color quality scale (CQS). The highest CRI and CQS can be observed at approximately 85 and 74 with 23 %wt. and 26 %wt. the concentration of SiO2@Y2O2S:Eu3+, respectively. Neverthless, the illuminating beam of the package gradually declines as the concentration of SiO2@Y2O2S:Eu3+ go up, which might be ascribed to excessive scattering occurrences in the double-layer remote package.

Triple-layer Design of YVO4:Eu3+, YF3:Mn2+, and YAG:Ce3+: the Potential for Advancement of Remote Phosphor Structure to Get Better Chromaticity and Luminescence at High Color Temperatures

The remote phosphor structure is proven to be better than other structures of conformal or in-cup phosphor in terms of luminous efciency. Nevertheless, its color rendering ability is unstable and difficult to manage at high correlated color temperature (CCT). Hence, improving the color management at high CCT for remote structures is essential. This study will present the triple-layer structures using the yellow phosphor YAG:Ce3+, the red YVO4:Eu3+ and green YF3:Mn2+ phosphors to achieve that control over the color and luminous properties of WLED packages. The results of the triple-layer structure are compared with those of the conventional remote phosphor structure (single-layer). The experiments performed on these two structures with the CCT range of 5600–8500 K. The findings in the study show that the triple-layer is more benefcial to the color rendering metric, color quality scale, and also the lumen output, especially at high color temperatures such as 8500 K, compared to the conventional one. Moreover, the higher color uniformity is accomplished with the triple-layer structure as the color deviation in this structure is much smaller than in the single-layer. Thus, the triple-layer structure can be applied as a replacement to the single-layer to attain better control of the color quality and luminous flux for high-CCT WLEDs.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.

Two-layer remote phosphor package as a solution to promote color quality scale and lumen in WLEDs

This article demonstrates the influence of the red-light LaAsO4:Eu3+ phosphorus on the optical features of the two structures: one-layer remote phosphorus scheme (SRPS) and two-layer remote phosphorus scheme (DRPS). As a result, the Mie hypothesis is used to demonstrate and prove the comparison between color quality and luminosity (LF) between these two factors. The SRPS is a phosphor layer that consists of LaAsO4:Eu3+ particles combined with the YAG:Ce3+ mixture. Meanwhile, DRPS is two phosphor layers of red and yellow separated from each other. To improve the dispersing property, 5% of SiO2 is combined with the phosphorous films. The difference between the structures influences the optical features of WLEDs. The obtained outcomes show that the color rendering index (CRI) rises along with the concentrations of both structures while these values are nearly identical to each other. Meanwhile, at ACCTs (5600 K - 8500 K), the color quality scale (CQS) in DRPS reaches 74, which is higher than SRPS's 71 at 8500 K. Besides, the lumen in DRPS is considerably greater than that in SRPS at 2%-14% LaAsO4:Eu3+. In short, DRPS brings considerable benefits to the color quality and lumen when compared to SRPS. In addition, choosing a suitable concentration also becomes highly vital to achieve desirable CQS and LF.

Study of LaSiO3Cl:Ce3+,Tb3+ and Ca5B2SiO10:Eu3+ Phosphors for Improving Hue Standard and Illuminating Beam of WLEDs

Remote phosphor arrangements usually have low color quality and superior lumen output to that of conformal phosphor arrangements and in-cup phosphor arrangements. For this reason, many researches are done so that we could enhance the chromatic quality for the remote phosphor arrangements. For this research, we are suggesting the double-layer remote phosphor arrangement to boost the CRI (short for color rendering index) as well as the CQS (short for color quality scale) in WLED devices. Three identical WLED arrangements which have dissimilar chromatic temperature which covers 5600 K, 8500 K will be used in this paper. The initial idea involves placing one sheet of blue phosphor LaSiO 3 Cl:Ce 3+ ,Tb 3+ or one sheet of red phosphor Ca 5 B 2 SiO 10 :Eu 3+ over a sheet of yellow phosphor YAG:Ce 3+ . After that, seek an appropriate concentration of Ca 5 B 2 SiO 10 :Eu 3+ so that we could obtain the most desirable chromatic performance. Judging the result, the element Ca 5 B 2 SiO 10 :Eu 3+ seem to help improve the CRI and CQS levels. Particularly, the greater the concentration of La 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ is, the greater level the CRI and the CQS will get, because of the boost in red illumination within the WLED devices. In addition, the blue phosphor layer LaSiO 3 Cl:Ce 3+ ,Tb 3+ helps increase the lumen output. But the decline of the lumen as well as the chromatic performance manifests if the concentration of LaSiO 3 Cl:Ce 3+ ,Tb 3+ and Ca 5 B 2 SiO 10 :Eu 3+ is beyond required level. This is demonstrated by utilizing the theory of Mie-scattering as well as the law of Beer–Lambert. This research’s result is important for the augmentation of white light performance in the WLED devices.

A novel phosphor structure for improving the luminous flux of white LEDs

This section focuses on the color uniformity and luminous production of multi-chip white-emitted LED lighting systems (MCW-LEDs) in improving illuminated performance. To accomplish the desired outcome, CaO:Sb3+ must be mixed with their phosphor compounding, which has been shown to have a massive impact on illuminating effectiveness. There is also evidence that the increasing of yellowish-green-emitted phosphorus CaO:Sb3+ concentration supports color homogeneity as well as luminescent effectiveness enhancements in MCW-LEDs featuring a 8500 K correlating colour temperature (CCT). Meanwhile, that rise in CaO:Sb3+ concentration leads to the gradually deteriorating color quality scale. Thus, if appropriate concentration and particle size of CaO:Sb3+ phosphor are determined, it is not hard to obtain such an excellent presentation in color uniformity, color quality scale and luminescence of MCW-LEDs.

The Use of Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ and CaTiO3:Pr3+ in a Dual-layer Remote Phosphor Configuration Improves the Optical Efficiencies of a Phosphor-in-Glass White Light-Emitting Diode

Although distant phosphor structure is not the best choice for color fidelity of white-light-emitting diode (W-LED) sources, it benefits the luminous flux of LED more than conformal or in-cup phosphor models. After recognizing the potential of remote phosphor structures, numerous studies have been done to overcome their drawbacks of light chromaticity. In this study, a phosphor package with two phosphor films is suggested for the W-LED. The two-layer remote phosphor structure is recognized to offer a great probability of heightened chromatic rendering parameters, including the color rending index CRI and the color quality scale CQS. The color temperature of the W-LEDs employed in this investigation is 8500 K. Placing a layer of green Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ or red CaTiO3:Pr3+ phosphor on top of the yellow phosphor YAG:Ce3+ layer will create the desired two-layered phosphor structure's form. The added phosphor CaTiO3:Pr3+ concentration will then be adjusted to achieve the best color quality. The existence of CaTiO3:Pr3+ increased CRI and CQS, implying that it has a significant impact on these two features. The concentration of CaTiO3:Pr3+ parallel with the CRI and CQS as the red spectral component is promoted within the W-LED. In the meantime, the green phosphor Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ advances the luminous flux. However, if the red CaTiO3:Pr3+ and green Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ phosphor concentrations are above the respective levels, it will diminish the luminous flux and color quality. According to Mie-scattering theory and Lambert- Beer's law to describe the outcome of this research. The conclusions of this study are crucial guidelines for producing better white light quality in W-LEDs.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.

Better color distribution uniformity and higher luminous intensity for LED by using a three-layered remote phosphor structure

Abstract Angular color distribution uniformity has been one of the most relevant properties in the development of white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs), since color consistency and uniformity are crucial factors in quality evaluation of a WLED. Here, particularly considering the need to overcome the poor chromaticity usually associated with WLED, we introduce a new design for the remote-phosphor package, namely a three-layered or triple-layer (TL) phosphor structure. Using three phosphor layers in packaging a WLED can result in higher color quality and luminous efficacy, compared to the double-layer (DL) configuration. In the present study, the results of using three remote phosphor layers indicate that although the structure using three layers has a lower color rendering index, the color quality scale is better than that available from the package with two layers. Additionally, the color-deviation values in the TL structure are smaller than in the dual-layer one, especially at high color temperatures (7,700 K and 8,500 K). Besides, in comparison with the DL model, the TL package increases the luminous flux by 1.4%–2%. Therefore, the TL remote phosphor structure possesses the greatest potential in enhancing the WLED quality.

Triple-layer remote phosphor structure: A potential packaging configuration to enhance both color quality and lumen efficiency of 6,000–8,500 K WLEDs

Abstract To achieve further enhancement in the lighting quality of white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs), this study proposed a packaging structure with three different phosphor layers, called triple-layer remote phosphor structure. This structure can provide an overall control over the light color distribution of WLEDs. The yellow-green-emitting CaAl2O4:Mn2+ phosphor and red-emitting CaMoO4:Eu3+ phosphor are used along with the original yellow-emitting YAG:Ce3+ phosphor to fabricate the triple-layer structure. The concentration of yellow-emitting YAG:Ce3+ phosphor is required to be decreased as the concentrations of other phosphors increase to keep the predetermined correlated color temperatures. The color rendering index (CRI) and the color quality scale (CQS) are measured to reach a thorough color quality assessment for WLEDs. The color management can be achieved by adjusting the concentration of red-emitting CaMoO4:Eu3+ phosphor to enhance the red emission. In addition, adjustment of the concentration of yellow-green-emitting CaAl2O4:Mn2+ phosphor can result in higher luminous efficiency owing to its control over the green light components. Higher CRI is observed when CaMoO4:Eu3+ concentration increases, while an increase in CaAl2O4:Mn2+ phosphor leads to much lower CRI. The CQS – on the other hand – is remarkably high when the CaMoO4:Eu3+ concentration range is about 10wt%–14wt%, regardless of the proportion of the CaAl2O4:Mn2+ phosphor. Furthermore, 40% enhancement in luminous efficiency is also achieved since light scattering is minimized by the boosted green-light emission spectra. Manufacturers can take these findings as reference to fabricate high-quality WLED lights that fulfill all their requirements.