University Students In Ethiopia Research Articles

Medical student's attitude toward severe mental illness and its associated factors at the university of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

IntroductionMental illness is mental and emotional disturbances that affect individual thinking, feeling, decision-making, mood, and daily functioning. A poor attitude toward severe mental illness means an individual has a distorted perception or attitude toward severely mentally ill patients. Despite the presence of a high burden of negative attitudes toward severe mental illness, there is a limited study conducted on Ethiopian University students. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the prevalence of poor attitudes toward severe mental illness and its associated factors among University Gondar medical students in Northwest Ethiopia. MethodAn institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed from Jun 25 to August 15, 2022. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to screen the attitudes of students toward severe mental illness. Mental Illness Clinician's Attitude fourth version and Mental Health Knowledge Schedule score tools were used to screen the attitude of students. Bi-variable logistic regression analysis was employed and variables with a p-value of less than 0.25 were entered into the multivariable logistic regression for further analysis. Factors with a p-value less than 0.05 at a 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were considered statistically significantly associated. ResultsFrom the total of 423 study participants with a 100 % response rate the overall prevalence of poor attitude towards severe mental illness among university students was 68.1 % with a 95 % CI (63.6–72.6). Age (18–24) [AOR = 2.47; 95 % CI: (1.37,4.45)], being male [AOR = 3.22; 95 % CI: (2.01–5.17)], from a rural area [AOR = 1.82; 95 % CI: (1.13–2.93)], and with no family history of mental illness [AOR = 2.07; 95 % CI: (1.12–3.82)] were statistically significantly associated factors with poor attitude towards severe mental illness. Conclusionsand recommendations: Approximately three-fourths of university Gondar medical students (68.1 %) had poor attitudes towards severe mental illness. Age (18–24), being male, originating from a rural area, and with no family history of mental illness were significantly associated with a poor attitude toward severe mental illness. Awareness creation about mental illness can change the attitude of students which can be done by the mental health department to give as a common course can help the student to have a positive attitude.

Experience of sexual and reproductive health service utilization among Jimma University students: a qualitative study

BackgroundAmong the limits of the university spirit are potential sexual and reproductive health issues. Sexual and reproductive health services are essential for assisting students in overcoming such challenges. However, according to many facility reports and research, students prefer private services and do not use them. Despite the difficulties, a few studies have been conducted on the experiences of Ethiopian University students. Thus, this study explored the experiences of Jimma University students who used sexual and reproductive health services.MethodsA qualitative phenomenological approach was conducted from January 22nd to March 2nd, 2019, among Jimma university students. In-depth interviews were carried out to explore the lived experiences of sexual and reproductive health service use. Students were chosen by a purposive sampling method and recruited using gatekeepers until the needed sample size was obtained and the data was theoretically saturated. Key informants required to present decent information for study objectives were selected purposefully. The data were analyzed using the thematic analysis approach with the help of the ATLAS ti software package.ResultsEleven In-depth interviews and four key informant interviews were conducted. The study revealed seven overarching themes: sexual and reproductive health awareness and perception, problems, service delivery point preferences and practices, availability and accessibility, barriers to service utilization, handling mechanisms, and suggestions.ConclusionsOur study recognized positive and negative experiences of sexual health service use among Jimma University students. These findings suggested planning a comprehensive intervention that addresses the identified challenges and problems to improve students’ sexual and reproductive health services.

Identifying and analyzing common English writing challenges among regular undergraduate students

Writing is essential for academic and professional success. This descriptive study aimed to investigate the challenges faced by Ethiopian university students. It focused on 680 regular undergraduate students at Mizan Tepi University selected through simple random sampling. Researchers employed tests, questionnaires, and interviews to collect data from students and EFL instructors. Data collection methods included student essay analysis, a structured questionnaire, and instructor interviews to gain insights into students' writing proficiency and perceptions. Statistical analysis was used for quantitative data, while content analysis was applied to qualitative data. Findings revealed that most students have average writing proficiency, are motivated to write in English and view writing as a process during activities. Many also reported engaging in writing outside the classroom. Vocabulary and grammar were highlighted as the most challenging aspects, alongside concerns over insufficient time to learn writing skills. Based on the study's outcomes, recommendations are proposed to enhance writing proficiency among undergraduate students. These include dedicating more time to writing instruction, raising awareness of essential writing elements, implementing regular assessments for monitoring progress, and possibly integrating a dedicated reading module. Emphasizing flexible teaching approaches and encouraging diverse writing practices beyond the classroom is crucial for improving overall language proficiency among students.

Validation of the Big Five Personality Scale for Ethiopian university students: exploring the psychometric properties of the Amharic version

Validation of the Big Five Personality Scale for Ethiopian university students: exploring the psychometric properties of the Amharic version

Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among university students in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional national survey

BackgroundRisky sexual behavior (RSB) is one of the major youth sexual and reproductive health problems globally, including in Ethiopia. RSB among youth increases the risk of HIV infection, other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unintended pregnancy, and unsafe abortion. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine RSB and its associated factors among university students in Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was employed in six randomly selected public universities in Ethiopia from August 2021 to February 2022. A stratified two-stage sampling technique was applied to reach the required number of study participants, and a structured self-administered questionnaire was used. RSB was defined as having had sexual relationships with more than one partner and using condoms with a new sexual partner irregularly or not at all in the last 12 months. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with RSB among those participants who were sexually active.ResultsThe prevalence of RSB among those who had had sexual intercourse in the last 12 months (n = 523) was 19.5% (n = 102). One hundred forty-four (29.9%) students had multiple sexual partners, and 325 (69.3%) students did not always use condoms with a new sexual partner. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) showed that those students aged 21–24 years had lower odds of RSB than those aged above 25 years AOR 0.18 (95% CI 0.03–0.98). The adjusted odds of RSB were 6.7 times higher (95% CI 1.26–35.30) among students who started sex at the age of 10–17 years than those who started sex at 21 years and above and 3.9 times higher (95% CI 1.33–11.39) among students who had experienced emotional violence.ConclusionRSB continues to be a problem among university students in Ethiopia. Those students who started sex at an early age and those who experienced emotional violence were more likely to engage in RSB. Therefore, universities in Ethiopia should implement strategies such as RSB targeted health education programs that consider early sexual debut, experiences of emotional violence, and safe sexual practices.

The effects of multiple intelligence based reading tasks on EFL students reading skills achievements: The case of university students in Ethiopia

The main purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of multiple intelligence-based tasks (MIBT) in improving university students reading skills and achievements. It employed a quasi-experimental design that primarily relies on a quantitative approach. Accordingly, a total of 60 students, who were selected purposefully, participated in the study as treatment and comparison groups. The experimental process was carried out with reading tasks that were designed in light of a model for teaching the skills using multiple intelligence-driven tasks. The treatment was provided for 12 weeks, in which three lessons were conducted per week. For similar weeks, the comparison group also attended lessons but followed the conventional approach of teaching reading skills. Quantitative methods were employed to analyze the data collected through tests. Specifically, T-tests were used to generate the output for the findings. Prior to analysis, a data normality check was carried out using Shapiro-Wilk tests, and a p value of .05 was used to determine the level of significance. It was found that multiple intelligence-based reading tasks brought a significant difference in the students’ higher and lower levels of reading achievements compared to the conventional methods, with the effect size value ranging from moderate for reading aspects (i.e., reading for main ideas and understanding references) to strong for reading aspects (i.e., reading for details, guessing vocabulary, and inferring meanings from a text). The findings suggest that university teachers should use multiple intelligence-driven reading tasks to raise the comprehension levels of struggling readers in the context of the study.

Nasal carriage rate, associated factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus among pre-clinical undergraduate students at the College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia

BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus nasal carriage has been linked to higher rates of infection and morbidity. People with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus can be a potential source of infection for others. University students living together in crowded conditions increase their risk of acquiring infections. The prevalence of S. aureus, particularly Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage, in Ethiopian university students is sparse.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the nasal carriage rate, associated factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among pre-clinical students at the College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia, from 1 July to 30 August 2022.MethodsAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 270 randomly selected pre-clinical Health and Medical Sciences students. Data on associated factors were collected using pre-tested, structured questionnaires. A nasal swab was taken from each participant and sent to the microbiology laboratory via Amies transport media in a cold chain. There, it was cultivated using conventional techniques. The isolated colonies were found to be S. aureus, and its antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method on Muller–Hinton agar. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus expressing using cefoxitin based on CLSI breakpoint. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.4.2.1 and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25 for analysis. Pearson’s chi-square test was performed to predict the associations between variables. A p-value less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.ResultMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage was 5.9% (95% CI: 3.09–8.7) of cases of S. aureus nasal colonization, which was found to be 12.96% (95% CI: 8.85–16.96). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization was significantly associated with the history of cigarette smoking (p = 0.000), intake of khat (p = 0.042), nose-picking habit (p = 0.003), history of sharing personal goods (p = 0.021), and history of hospitalizations (p = 0.00). All of the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to ampicillin and cefoxitin.ConclusionBased on the findings, a considerable proportion of healthy students harbored Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with behavioral factors. Furthermore, these isolates showed high resistance to cefoxitin and ampicillin. Hence, it is crucial to regularly test pre-clinical students to prevent endogenous infections and the spread of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Premarital sex and associated factors among unmarried students of a private college in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Premarital sex may result in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancy. Published reports on the prevalence premarital sex among private college students in Ethiopia are limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of premarital sex and associated factors among unmarried students of a private college in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 390 unmarried students of the college selected by stratified random sampling. Associations between variables were determined using logistic regression at P-value less than 0.05. The prevalence of premarital sex was 23.3%, and 20% started sex before 18. About 68% did not use condom at the first sex. Nearly 15.5% had multiple sexual partners. About 14.5% said oral contraceptive pills prevent STIs. Nearly 59 % did not have a practice of requesting a new sexual partner for STIs status. Regression analysis showed that religion, program of study, having a boyfriend or girlfriend, misconception that oral contraceptive pills protect from STIs and taking alcohol were significantly associated with having premarital sex. The prevalence of premarital was high among participants. Effective intervention strategies are needed to reduce the prevalence of premarital sex.

Intercultural competence as a perceived predictor of cooperative EFL learning and classroom life among Ethiopian university students

Intercultural competence as a perceived predictor of cooperative EFL learning and classroom life among Ethiopian university students

Prevalence of internet addiction and associated factors among university students in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Internet addiction refers to the excessive and uncontrolled utilization of the Internet, which disrupts one's daily activities. The current state of knowledge regarding internet addiction in Ethiopia is limited. Consequently, the objective of this study is to ascertain the combined prevalence of Internet addiction and its correlated factors among university students in Ethiopia. To identify potential research findings, an extensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The presence of heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 test statistics, while the effects of small studies were examined using Eggers statistical tests at a 5% significance level. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was carried out. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of Internet addiction among students. The primary focus of this research was to determine the prevalence of Internet addiction, while the secondary aim was to identify the factors associated with Internet addiction. To determine the overall prevalence of Internet addiction among university students in Ethiopia, a comprehensive analysis of 11 studies was conducted. The results of this study show that the pooled prevalence of Internet addiction was 43.42% (95% CI: 28.54, 58.31). The results also suggest that certain factors such as online gaming, depression, and current khat chewing are significantly associated with internet addiction among university students. In Ethiopia, about one-third of university students suffer from internet addiction. The prevalence of Internet addiction among Ethiopian students is associated with online gaming, depression, and concurrent khat consumption. Therefore, we strongly recommend that health planners and policymakers prioritize monitoring and addressing Internet use and addiction in the Ethiopian context.

Developing good person and citizen through civic and ethical education in Ethiopia: A content analysis of secondary school textbooks

There is broad consensus that citizenship or civic education plays an important role in preparing democratic, tolerant and socially active citizens, although the role of civic education in achieving this goal in divided societies is far from straightforward. There is also the interdependent goal of developing a good person and a good citizen. In order for this to be successful, the content and pedagogy integrated into the formal curriculum (core curriculum framework and textbooks) play an indispensable role. This article examines how the characteristics of a good person and a good citizen are presented as learners' distinctive personal development in the Ethiopian civics textbooks (grades 9 to 12) and to what extent the learning activities in textbooks enable learners to explore alternative qualities of a good person and good citizens. The study mainly used quantitative content analysis method. All pages of the textbooks were used as units of analysis. The results show that the textbooks presented the characteristics of a good person and a good citizen as distinct dimensions of students' personal development. However, almost two third of the contents emphasize social self-identity (good citizens), while a fifth of the contents deal with autonomous self-identity (good person). The results also reveal that there are open-ended and future-oriented learning activities that can help students discover alternative characteristics of a good person and a good citizen. Most studies on Ethiopian secondary school and university students question the extent to which students develop and demonstrate desired goals of civic and ethnical education. The effectiveness of civic and ethical education in divided countries where the goals of the formal curriculum are not reinforced by macro-social political conditions and other factors of socialization are discussed.

Sexual and reproductive health experiences, access to services, and sources of information among university students in Ethiopia.

Adolescence and youth are times of major growth and change that can place young people at elevated risk of poor sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes, particularly when they are living away from home for the first time. Understanding the barriers that young people face when accessing SRH services and information is imperative for addressing their SRH needs; our study explored this topic among university students in Ethiopia. Specifically, we explore university students' SRH experiences, access to services, and preferred sources of information. We draw on mixed-methods research conducted in four public universities across Ethiopia in early 2020. A random sample of 822 male and female students completed a cross-sectional survey that explored SRH knowledge, attitudes, experiences, and sources of information. We also conducted 8 focus group discussions with students and 8 key informant interviews across the four universities. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and we used structural coding and inductive analysis to analyze qualitative data. The survey data demonstrated that condoms and emergency contraceptive pills were the most used contraceptive methods. Nearly 18% of female students had experienced an unwanted pregnancy, and 14% reported having had an abortion. Approximately one-third of students reported encountering gender-based violence in the past 6 months. Most students preferred receiving SRH information from mass media, and male students were more likely than female students to seek information from friends. Our qualitative findings highlight a lack of comprehensive SRH care available on university campuses, and services that are available are often of poor quality; participants described a lack of privacy, confidentiality and respect when accessing SRH care at school. University students also lack regular opportunities to learn about SRH while on campus, and their preferred sources of information varied widely. Ethiopian university students have considerable unmet demand for SRH services and often face significant barriers to accessing high-quality information and services on campus. Consistent commitment and investment by universities and the government is vital to meeting the SRH needs of young people during this potentially vulnerable time.

Intention to Donate Kidney and Associated Factors Among Students in Bahir Dar University: Application of Theory of Planned Behavior.

Kidney donation is the donation of a kidney from a living or dead person to another living person who requires transplantation. The scarcity of kidneys is a great public health concern worldwide, owing to an increase in end-stage renal failure. There is no sufficient evidence regarding the intention to donate kidneys in Ethiopia. To assess the intention to donate kidneys and its associated factors among Bahir Dar University students in Ethiopia in 2023 by the application of theory of planned behavior. This institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 7 to April 5, 2023. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 630 participants. Self-administered structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.6, and exported to the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed. Findings with a p-value <0.05 at the 95% confidence interval were considered statistically significant and interpreted by the unstandardized beta (ß) coefficient. The mean score of intention to donate the kidney was 12.9 ± 4.1 standard deviation. Direct attitude (B = 0.341, 95% CI = 0.265, 0.416), direct subjective norm (B = 0.088, 95% CI = 0.010, 0.167), direct perceived behavioral control (B = 0.353, 95% CI 0.251, 0.455), knowledge (B = 0.417, 95% CI 0.251, 0.583), and previous experience of blood donation (B = 0.915, 95% CI 0.321, 1.510) were factors associated with intention to kidney donation. The mean score of intention to donate kidneys was 12.9 ± 4.1 SD. Direct attitude, direct subjective norm, direct perceived behavioral control, experience with blood donation, and knowledge of participants were significant factors for the intention to donate kidneys. Therefore, social and behavioral change communication strategies should address these factors in order to increase kidney donation.

Prevalence of depression among students at Ethiopian universities and associated factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Depression is the most common cause of disability in the world, which affects 350 million people. University students struggle to cope with stressors that are typical of higher education institutions as well as anxiety related to education. Although evidence indicates that they have a high prevalence of depression, no reviews have been done to determine the prevalence of depression among students at Ethiopian universities comprehensively. Without regard to time constraints, PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE were investigated. A manual search for an article reference list was also conducted. The Meta XL software was used to extract relevant data, and the Stata-11 meta-prop package was used to analyze it. The Higgs I2 test was used to test for heterogeneity. A search of the electronic and manual systems resulted in 940 articles. Data were extracted from ten studies included in this review involving a total number of 5207 university students. The pooled prevalence of depression was 28.13% (95% CI: 22.67, 33.59). In the sub-group analysis, the average prevalence was higher in studies having a lower sample size (28.42%) than studies with a higher sample; 27.70%, and studies that utilized other (PHQ-9, HADS); 30.67% higher than studies that used BDI-II; 26.07%. Being female (pooled AOR = 5.56) (95% CI: 1.51, 9.61), being a first-year (pooled AOR = 4.78) (95% CI: 2.21, 7.36), chewing khat (pooled AOR = 2.83) (95% CI: 2.32, 3.33), alcohol use (pooled AOR = 3.12 (95% CI:3.12, 4.01) and family history of mental illness (pooled AOR = 2.57 (95% CI:2.00, 3.15) were factors significantly associated with depression. This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that more than one-fourth of students at Ethiopian universities had depression. More efforts need to be done to provide better mental healthcare to university students in Ethiopia.

The effect of mathematics self-beliefs on mathematics achievement: the case of undergraduate university students in Ethiopia

Background: This study aimed at exploring the influence of mathematics self-beliefs on mathematics achievement. Methods: Data was obtained on a random sample of 400 undergraduate students (M=245 and F=155) from three Ethiopian public Universities by using self-reported questionnaire. The instrument, which was adapted from Butler (2016), consists of measures of self-beliefs, expectancy-value, and achievement goal-related motivation. In addition, a 25-item Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) was developed and validated to measure mathematics achievement. The internal consistency reliability of the MAT was found to be high (alpha =0.84). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were employed to assess systematic relationship between math self-beliefs and math achievement. Results: Results reveal that mathematics self-beliefs have a significant influence on mathematics achievement, whereas expectancy-value and achievement goal have no significant influence on mathematics achievement. Conclusions: Finally, the study outlines the implications for teaching and learning, and research.

The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors among college and university students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 2022.

The Corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is a human tragedy that occurred in this era. It poses an unprecedented psychological, social, economic, and health crisis. The mental health and well-being of entire societies are suffering as a result of this crisis, but the suffering is greater in students at all levels of education and must be addressed immediately. Thus, this study was aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of the psychological impact of COVID-19 among higher education students. The potential studies were searched via PubMed, HINARI, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Studies were appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal checklist. Micro Soft Excel was used to extract the data, which was then exported to Stata version 14 for analysis. Heterogeneity between studies was tested using Cochrane statistics and the I2 test, and small-study effects were checked using Egger's statistical test. A random-effects model was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence of the psychological impact of COVID-19 and its associated factor. After reviewing 227 studies, eight fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of the psychological impact of Corona virus disease 19 among higher education students in Ethiopia, including depression, anxiety, and stress was 43.49% (95% CI: 29.59, 57.40%), 46.27% (95% CI: 32.77, 59.78%), and 31.43% (95% CI: 22.71, 40.15), respectively. Having a medical illness, being an urban resident, living with parents, having relative death due to pandemics, and having a non-health field of study were identified as significant associated factors for the impact of the pandemic in higher education students. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant psychological impact on college and university students. Depression, anxiety, and stress were the most commonly reported psychological impacts across studies among higher education students. Hence, applying tele-psychotherapy using, smartphones, and social media platforms has an effect on reducing the impact. Programs for preventing and controlling epidemics should be developed by the government and higher education institutions that incorporate mental health interventions and build resilience.

Utilization of mobile health applications and determinant factors among health science students at Debre Markos University, northwest Ethiopia in 2022.

High penetration of smartphones and ownership among the young generation increased the utilization of mobile health applications for health management among university students more than ever. Compared to other health service provision mechanisms mobile health service has higher advantages in promoting a healthy lifestyle since it is not limited to time and space. Even though there are numerous studies conducted in the area of mobile health utilization, this phenomenon is not well studied among university students in Ethiopia, Hence this study aims to determine the level of mobile health applications utilization among health science students. A cross-sectional study was carried out at Debre Markos University from April 05 to June 25, 2022 among health science students. For this study, 423 students were recruited from health Science College using a systematic sampling method. The data was gathered using a self-administered questionnaire. Using SPSS version 26 software descriptive analysis, bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were performed. A P-value of .05 at a 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant. The questionnaire's validity was determined by expert opinion, and by calculating its reliability using cronbach alpha (α = .78). This study revealed that more than half 59% (144/244) of the study participants have installed and utilized 1-3 health-related apps. Among the students who have mobile health applications 38.6% utilize mobile health application several times a day while only 2.1% utilized rarely. Usage history shows that 40% of the study participants utilized the applications for a year, while 15.4% of the students utilized them for more than 2 years. Easiness of applications (AOR = 4.8, 95%CI: [2.1-11.2]), skill AOR = 4.2, 95%CI: [3.8-12]) and trust (AOR = 2.8, 95%CI: [1.6-4.8]) were among the factors that were associated with mobile health applications utilization. Students were asked about the barriers that limit the use mobile health applications and self-reported barriers includes Lack of knowledge and awareness of application benefits, and Lack of adequate time to use applications. The study shows that mobile health applications utilization is moderate relative to previous studies. Mobile health application developers for the young generation should consider healthy lifestyle related applications like fitness and weight loss apps.

Взаимосвязь между использованием стратегии чтения и продуктивностью чтения у студентов

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the use of reading strategies and reading achievement between high and low EFL university students in Ethiopia. To this effect, sixty students were selected (30 top high achievers and 30 least low achievers) using stratified sampling technique. The Survey of Reading Strategies and Reading Comprehension Test were employed to discover students’ reading strategy use, and to measure their reading ability respectively. Thus, thirty reading strategies of the survey and fifty reading comprehension questions were administered to students. The data gathered was statistically analyzed through descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test and Pearson correlation. The findings of the study revealed that High achievers adopted a diverse and more reading strategies in higher frequency compared to low achievers. This difference between the groups was significant. The result also showed that there was a relationship between students’ three main strategies use (i.e., global, problem-solving and support reading strategies and their reading achievement). Based on the findings, it was recommended to raise awareness to enhance students' use of various strategies at higher frequency and the low achievers must be encouraged to use the reading strategies more frequently in general and global reading strategies in particular.

COVID-19 epidemic anxiety, mental stress, and sleep disorders in developing country university students

COVID-19 damaged the quality of sleep and mental stamina worldwide despite public health initiatives. Problems with sleep can damage health and academic performance, thus university students should know their frequency and causes. This study explored university students’ COVID-19 Anxiety, Mental Stress, and Sleep Disorders. The internet-deployed transversal analysis includes 443 Indian and Ethiopian students from April 1 to 13, 2021. After creating a Google form link, respondents received the survey via WhatsApp, E-mail, Telegram, and others. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index examined student sleep concerns. Descriptive and inferential studies estimated sleep disruption frequency and causes. Logistic regression and chi-squared testing found sleep problems in Indian and Ethiopian university students. The researcher examined SPSS 25 data. 54.7% had sleep difficulties. Being female [Conditional Odds Ratio = 4.32, 95 percent Confidence interval (Lower-1.807)–(Upper-10.370)], smoking [2.81, 95 percent CI (Lower-1.609)–(Upper-4.920)], spending 14 days in quarantine [1.87, 95 percent CI (Lower-1.042)–(Upper-3.373)], and having a family member with COVID-19 [1.94, 95 percent CI (Lower-1.anxiety [Conditional Odds Ratio = 4.01, 95 percent CI (Lo Ethiopian and Indian pupils sleep poorly. Female gender, smoking, 14-day quarantine, and sleep troubles were connected to COVID-19 dread, COVID-19-infected family member, viral exposure, depression, anxiety, and stress in Indian and Ethiopian university students. Interventions should increase university students’ sleep.

The mediating role of perceived behavioral control in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Ethiopia

Unemployment of graduates from higher education institutions has become a common phenomenon in Ethiopia. To minimize this problem, entrepreneurship development and promoting entrepreneurial ecosystems have been considered as a remedy. Among others, this could be achieved through fostering entrepreneurship education. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating role of perceived behavioral control in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions in Ethiopian Universities. Explanatory research design was used and data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from a sample of 335 undergraduate students who have taken the course entrepreneurship in four Ethiopian universities. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach using AMOS software was employed and confirmed both measurement and structural model fit before analysis. Then, the findings revealed that entrepreneurship education has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions and perceived behavioral control. Moreover, perceived behavioral control positively predicts entrepreneurial intentions. The findings further explained that perceived behavioral control has a partial mediating effect in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions. Therefore, universities in Ethiopia should work on different initiatives that enhance knowledge, attitude, and skills of students on entrepreneurship that could help them to develop perceived behavioral control so as to enhance their intentions to become nascent entrepreneur after their graduation.