From Lemberg (Lviv) to Graz: Julius Planer von Plann (1827-1881) and the development of anatomical science in central Europe.

Systems pharmacology reveals the mechanism underlying gastrodiae rhizoma in improving stress-induced cognitive impairment: Protecting hippocampal synapses from excessive microglia-mediated pruning.

The motivation to belong is a fundamental social and psychological need that influences individuals’ well-being and behavior in society. There is currently significant research activity in this field, driven by increasing interest in areas such as social robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), and complex systems. This article presents a computational model that quantifies a weighted Belonging Score ( B ) as a function of seven socio-cognitive features: group identity, social interaction, acceptance/rejection, social memory, reciprocity, reputation, and utility. The aim is to propose a model that explains how agents’ motivation to belong emerges from their social interactions. The behavior of each model component is formally defined through mathematical functions. The inputs of these functions are normalized and dynamically updated in real time based on agent-agent interactions, ensuring B ∈ [ − 1 , 1 ] and enabling comparability across contexts. To validate the proposed model, realistic, nuanced, and context-sensitive scenarios were simulated using a large language model (LLM). In this setup, interactions among agents naturally vary the values of the variables determining each agent’s internal belonging score. Consequently, agents dynamically assess their perception of inclusion or exclusion within the group.

In your hands (Ezandleni Zakho): A theatre-based approach to engaging embodied indigenous knowledge towards collaborative social action

ABSTRACT Kerala’s caste hierarchy, characterised by untouchability and social exclusion, historically provoked protests demanding temple entry and basic rights for marginalised Hindus. In 2024, during the centenary of the 1924 Vaikom Satyagraha, the annual Ashtami festival at the Vaikom Mahadeva Temple featured women participating in the Poothalam ritual procession and wearing colour-coded blouses that signified caste identities. The temple re-emerges as a ritual space where caste distinctions become publicly visible, which transforms a commemorative event into a site for expressing caste identities. This article argues that the colour-coded blouses worn in the ritual procession reconfigure caste as a performative and embodied marker of identity. The article further demonstrates how ritual practices re-inscribe historical hierarchies in contemporary Kerala. The study analyses media narratives and ritual symbolism to connect the historical struggle for equality with contemporary representations of caste in Kerala and draws on theories of social construction, cultural memory, and subaltern identity.

Emotional and social well-being in the indigenous population of Latin America: A systematic review

ABSTRACT Contested memory of the history of Japanese imperialism has frequently been identified as a crucial theme of East Asian international politics. National collective memories, and the identities they constitute, are posed as conflicting in their narratives of this history and its political implications, causing diplomatic clashes. In making these arguments, however, International Relations scholarship often assumes the existence of a singular collective memory within each state. While allowing for a causal explanation of the East Asian ‘history problem’ at the inter-state level, this tendency misses the more complex, contested terrain of memory politics within each state and implies a fixity to their strained relations. In contrast, this article considers counter-memories of colonial history that contest mainstream constructions within East Asian states and theorises their potential to transform the history problem. Focusing on Japan-South Korea relations, it draws on observational fieldwork and textual analysis of activist museums, political protests and popular literature in both countries to analyse alternative historical narratives concerning wartime forced labour and the ‘comfort women’, their contestation of the mainstream, and their potential to transform the status quo of bilateral relations. In doing so, the article opens avenues to theorising alternative future pathways for East Asian international politics.

The ability to dynamically assess and update threat responses based on changing environmental contexts is fundamental for survival. Here, we developed an odor-based paradigm where male mice encounter a restrained conspecific that subsequently becomes aggressive, allowing us to study how mice assess threats and update memories upon recall. Using calcium imaging, chemogenetics, and electrophysiology, we identified the olfactory tubercle (OT) as a key mediator of social threat assessment. While OT activity was not required during the initial aggressive encounter, it proved to be essential during recall, where its inhibition prevented the expression of avoidance behavior. Notably, recall induces persistent synaptic plasticity at basolateral amygdala (BLA)-to-OT synapses that persists after behavioral extinction. We identified a neuromodulatory switch in the OT: serotonin facilitates avoidance during recall, whereas its blockade triggers dopamine release and approach behavior. Our findings demonstrate that the OT orchestrates social threat assessment through synaptic plasticity and neuromodulatory control.

Childhood memories featuring primary caregivers are the basis of attachment working models. Oxytocin plays a critical role in attachment bonding and social memory possibly by enhancing the emotional salience of social cues. Consistent with the salience hypothesis, prior work (in males) indicates that oxytocin administration positively biases recollections of maternal care and closeness for less anxious/more secure individuals but negatively biases such recollections for more anxiously attached individuals. We aimed to conceptually replicate and extend this work by probing oxytocin's effects on the emotional quality of attachment memories, and sampling males and females. Between 2013 and 2016, we recruited 77 participants and administered 24 international unit intranasal oxytocin/placebo (within-subject). Participants were presented with attachment-related cue words and, in response, recalled childhood memories of their mothers. We analyzed the emotionality of these memories using human raters and, in exploratory analyses, natural language processing software (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count and Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner). Replicating previous findings, human rater results revealed significant attachment anxiety by oxytocin interactions for negative emotionality (p = .031) and positive emotionality (p = .034), with more anxious participants reporting more negative and less positive emotional content following oxytocin (vs. placebo). The natural language processing analyses also showed significant attachment anxiety by oxytocin interactions for negative but not positive emotionality. Finally, we found no effect of attachment avoidance on emotionality, however, more avoidant individuals were less likely to emotionally self-disclose (p < .001), an effect that was potentiated by oxytocin (p = .05). This study supports the social-emotional salience hypothesis of oxytocin. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

ABSTRACT The role of agency in collective memory is largely unexplored, and evidence that schema-congruent collective events are more readily integrated than incongruent ones remains largely correlational. Studying these factors experimentally is challenging because real-world collective identities are difficult to manipulate. To address this, we developed a novel paradigm in which 51 participants were trained about a detailed fictional state and collectively role-played its citizen identity for a week. After the training, participants played a role-playing game in which they made decisions during events of collective significance. Events were manipulated along two dimensions: congruency with the collective’s master narratives (congruent vs. incongruent) and the degree of agency afforded to the player (agency vs. no agency). After gameplay, participants completed a recall task and later rated the perceived agency phenomenology of the events. Events involving agency were recalled more frequently, more often from a first-person perspective, and received higher ratings of perceived agency and phenomenology. Although congruency did not affect recall frequency, incongruent events were associated with higher perceived agency and enhanced phenomenological qualities across several dimensions. Findings are discussed in terms of self-referential processing and highlight the potential of interactive fiction as a simulative tool for studying collective memory.

Connectivity projects have been analysed largely through geostrategies and state narratives, with insufficient attention to how they are inhabited in everyday life. In the China–Pakistan borderlands, the Belt and Road Initiative and the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor promise revived Silk Road connectivities, yet in Gilgit–Baltistan, the emergent border regime consolidates advantages for the Pakistani military-state and large private transport companies while constraining local shuttle traders. The article advances the concept of strategic remembering to explain how trader-sojourners from Hunza mobilise living histories of diplomatic and trade exchanges with China as state-legible claims on movement, recognition, and inclusion. These actors neither follow corridor scripts nor do they directly ‘resist’ them. Rather, they selectively activate these collective memories to critique discretionary gatekeeping and contest unequal commercial terms in the contemporary border regime linked to neoliberalisation and securitisation. The argument draws on multi-sited ethnography in Hunza, Sost, and Tashkurgan, including interviews and sustained participant observation along market and logistics nodes. Two findings follow. First, corridor geopolitics operate as temporal governance: states curate pasts to produce promised futures, and subaltern actors work within those frames to convert memory into practical claims. Second, this repertoire is ambivalent: strategic remembering can open space for claims-making yet can also echo a local sectarian imaginary, hardening boundaries of belonging.

Soy lysolecithin attenuates hypertension and behavioral impairments in mice fed a high-salt diet through receptor-specific regulation of prostaglandin signaling and arachidonic acid-derived prostaglandin production.

ABSTRACT This article examines how heritagization processes unfold unevenly in post-conflict rural societies, through a comparative analysis of two memory-laden sites in Jezzine, southern Lebanon. The first, the Kanaan Palace, is actively maintained as a dynastic landmark through familial stewardship and local pride. The second, an unfinished building initiated by Cardinal Boulos Boutros Meouchi, remains suspended in symbolic and material limbo after being repurposed during wartime. While both sites carry historical and emotional weight, their divergent trajectories reveal how heritagization is not a given – even in the presence of strong memory narratives – but rather a fragile and contingent process shaped by spatial continuity, affective investment, and institutional mediation. By grounding the analysis in ethnographic fieldwork and local narratives, and contextualizing it through comparative examples from Bosnia, South Africa, and Iraq, the article demonstrates how rural heritage often emerges outside formal recognition frameworks. It argues that the politics of absence – shaped by war, sacred claims, and unresolved ownership – can lead to memory “freezes,” where sites remain saturated with meaning but unarticulated in public discourse. The findings highlight the potential for participatory, locally grounded heritage practices in contexts where official interventions are absent or fragmented. In doing so, the article contributes to critical heritage debates on memory, trauma, and agency, and positions rural Lebanon as a relevant case in broader conversations about grassroots heritagization in post-conflict settings.

Wildfire research and management typically emphasize risks to ecosystems and infrastructure, especially homes. Yet, communities and countries designate certain places and structures as culturally important for all; because they are often immovable and irreplaceable, they are uniquely at risk from wildfire. We present the first national-scale assessment of wildfire risk to cultural heritage assets in the U.S. Here, wildfire risk is defined as the spatial coincidence of cultural heritage resources and modeled wildfire hazard. Our analysis integrates high-resolution burn probability models from the Fire Simulation project with spatial data for 56,103 National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Places were further assessed by type, reflecting potential cultural loss if destroyed, including buildings, districts, structures, objects, and sites. Places were also categorized by cultural significance (local, state, national) to evaluate how risk varies across levels of importance. Risk was concentrated in the western United States, with hotspots in the Southeast. Buildings and districts comprise 90% of listed resources and may be more vulnerable because their value depends on physical form; other resource types may be less vulnerable. Only 36% of exposed places are nationally significant; most are state or locally significant. By identifying where and what is most at risk, this study provides a foundation for proactive planning to safeguard the places that anchor community identity, collective memory, and national heritage before they are permanently lost.

ABSTRACT Dark heritage sites may encompass historical contexts of death, suffering, persecution, and conflict, which are sensitive and often-avoided topics in many countries. The Nylon Cheng Memorial Museum in Taiwan is a dark heritage site that commemorates Cheng Nan-jung’s 1989 self-immolation, a political act of protest against authoritarian rule that has since come to symbolize democracy and freedom of speech. It is a site shaped by contested political ideologies and struggles over collective memory. Considering these challenges, this study draws on interviews, site observations, and document analysis to examine how the site engages the public using memory-based communication strategies. Grounded in heritage and memory studies, this study highlights the museum’s dual role as a historical archive and civic platform for fostering human rights awareness. This study introduces a framework for human rights pursuit in dark heritage: documentation, activation, and pluralization. This framework underscores the museum’s role in preserving contested histories, fostering critical reflection, stimulating public discourse, and contributing to a historically informed and empathetic civil society.

This article examines how sacred landscapes are created, contested, and reimagined within the Deori community of Assam, Northeast India, focusing on the rituals and memory surrounding Goddess Kesaikhaiti. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, oral traditions, and spatial analysis, the study investigates how sites such as the bolisaal (sacrificial space) and the Tamreswari temple ruins serve as focal points for negotiating indigenous, Vedic, and modern influences. Situating the analysis within the frameworks of cultural geography, spatial memory, and political ecology, the article demonstrates how sacredness is actively formed through ritual practice, landscape symbolism, and collective memory. The research highlights how sacred spaces serve as arenas for the ongoing assertion of cultural identity and community resilience amid historical disruption and change. By foregrounding the intersections of spirituality, ecology, and group belonging, the article offers new insights into the territoriality of faith and the politics of sacred space within evolving cultural landscapes.

This article examines triumphal arches (TAK) erected on urban squares and main axes during the early Republican period in Turkey as ephemeral architectural elements, positioned between monument, gateway and decorative portal typologies. The conceptual framework is structured around ephemerality, monumentality, collective memory and nation-building, and interpreting these reads arches as both spatial interfaces and ideological communication devices. Methodologically, the study combines a literature review, archival documents, photographs DEPARCH 15 and plan analyses; ceremonial arches in Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Adana, Zonguldak, Diyarbakıir, Samsun and other cities are classified through a comparative analysis reading. Common formal features are evaluated under the headings of number of openings, vertical mass configuration, material and structure, colour and graphic language, and urban location. The findings indicate that Republican arches appropriate the archetypal scheme of ancient triumphal arches, yet translate discourses of modernization and national unity into space through the use of red–white colour codes, portraits of Atatürk, institutional emblems and numerical slogans. The article argues that these temporary yet highly representative installations should be documented and discussed as part of modern architectural heritage and reconsidered as an installation language that can inform contemporary urban design and commemorative practices.

ABSTRACT This study examines why nuclear power in Taiwan remains persistently contested yet only partially stigmatised. Combining topic modelling with qualitative analysis of over 10,000 newspaper articles published between 2005 and 2021, we show that technological stigmatisation is continually reproduced through recurring framing contests rather than gradually resolved. Political turnovers, referendums, and catastrophic events such as the Fukushima nuclear accident generate event stigmas that interact with pre-existing core stigmas associated with nuclear technology. The repeated mobilisation of these event stigmas can crystallise into enduring symbolic imprints that shape collective memory and subsequent debates. Pro- and anti-nuclear actors draw on shared frames—particularly governance, well-being, and politics—but deploy them in incompatible and politicised ways, while distinct frames such as risk and democracy further intensify contestation. We contribute by theorising how the interaction of core and event stigmas sustains long-term framing contests and embeds energy debates within broader struggles over political legitimacy.

The brain's metabolic demands are well established, but how metabolism is coordinated across anatomically distinct regions remains poorly understood. Here, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging integrated with the Allen Brain Atlas and optimal transport-based computational analysis, we map the spatial metabolome across twelve major mouse brain divisions. We define an optimal-transport-derived inter-regional metabolite similarity metric and refer to it as metabolic coherence. This structure is largely preserved in an amyloid mouse model of Alzheimer's disease despite widespread changes in individual metabolite and lipid levels. Individual metabolites and lipids shift in a coordinated manner across regions, sustaining inter-regional relationships even as absolute levels change in patterns indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction. To test whether the coherence metric is responsive to local intervention, we targeted the left hippocampus of mice from this model via lentiviral shHIF1α knockdown or neuronal AAV-mediated AOX expression. Both interventions were associated with metabolite normalization at the injection site. More importantly, normalization extended across distal regions sharing high metabolic similarity with the hippocampus and was accompanied by improved social memory in a single behavioral assay. Gene modulation and amyloid plaque reduction localized to the injection site.

ABSTRACT This article examines how President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan reconfigures the legacy of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk through commemorative discourse. Using Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA), it demonstrates a dual strategy: delegitimizing the early Republican era as exclusionary and culturally alien while selectively reclaiming Atatürk as a symbol of national sovereignty, continuity, and popular will. Rather than rejecting the founding figure, Erdoğan incorporates him into the AKP's ideological vision. Drawing on theoretical insights from collective memory and memory politics, the study traces how the founding legacy is selectively reinterpreted in contemporary struggles over political legitimation, offering a perspective on symbolic politics of contemporary Turkey.