Semi-synthetic cannabinoids: Recent developments, analytical challenges and strategic responses.

Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have led to an increased generation of biological data across genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, and metabolomics. However, a major challenge remains: effectively integrating these multi-omics datasets to allow a more holistic understanding of the complex, interconnected mechanisms underlying human diseases. Neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders are particularly multifactorial and heterogeneous, making them candidates for multi-omics approaches. In this context, this systematic review assesses the current state of multi-omics integration in neurological research. Records retrieved from five major databases were processed, and 156 studies were included for further analysis. The most frequently studied conditions were Alzheimer's Disease, Depressive Disorder and Parkinson's Disease, with epigenomics-transcriptomics and metagenomics-metabolomics emerging as the most common omics pairings. The field remains dominated by studies integrating pairs of omics layers. Only a limited number of computational tools are currently being applied to the integration of more than two omics layers, highlighting a gap in comprehensive multi-omics modeling. Despite progress, key challenges persist, including data accessibility and the need for standardized frameworks to allow cross-study comparisons. Moreover, most computational findings lack experimental validation in wet-laboratory settings. Future research should address these challenges, develop scalable algorithms for integrating multi-omics data, and leverage large, open-access datasets. Integrating computational predictions with experimental validation could help researchers prioritize high-confidence biomarkers relevant to clinical applications. Collaborative efforts among bioinformaticians, clinicians, and experimentalists will be essential to translating these advances into clinically actionable solutions.

Full-spectrum prompt tuning with sparse MoE for open-set recognition.

The aim of this narrative review was to provide treating physicians with practical guidance on the management of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), offering a rational, evidence-informed approach to diagnosis and treatment based on published literature and the authors' collective clinical experience. The management of PML requires precise characterization of disease status at presentation and throughout follow-up. We begin by outlining the clinical scenarios in which PML should be suspected, emphasizing that disease presentation is shaped by the strength and quality of the host's antiviral immune response. We then detail the evaluation of patients at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up, with particular attention to defining whether PML is presenting in its classic form, with inflammatory features, or in the context of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. This assessment should incorporate prognostic markers to evaluate the potential for immune recovery and virologic control. We further summarize the current standard of care and identify clinical contexts in which experimental immunotherapeutic interventions to facilitate restoration of JC virus-specific immune functions may be considered, emphasizing the importance of individualized, risk-benefit-based decision making. Notably, such experimental immunotherapies are likely unnecessary and may even be harmful, once immune reconstitution has already been achieved and virologic control is evident. Finally, we address the management of inflammation in PML, underscoring that not all inflammatory presentations warrant corticosteroid therapy. The management of PML remains a significant clinical challenge. Standardizing assessment protocols across centers may enhance data quality and comparability and facilitate future collaborative and data-sharing efforts.

Is Online Oriented-Centred Information About Dry Mouth Trustworthy? An Infodemiologic Study.

Development of longitudinal studies to overcome global Hispanic/Latino underrepresentation in clinical research: a need for collaborative efforts.

Advancements in 3D printing technologies have significantly transformed osteochondral tissue engineering, enabling the creation of scaffolds that closely mimic the structural and biological complexities of native tissue. These scaffolds provide a 3D environment conducive to cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation while maintaining critical mechanical and biodegradable properties. To explore the feasibility of 3D printed scaffolds in osteochondral applications, highlights innovative materials and techniques, and addresses the existing knowledge gaps and challenges in clinical translation. This scoping review adhered to PRISMA extension for scoping reviews guidelines to systematically map innovations in 3D printed bio-scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering. Due to heterogeneous data, it favored a scoping over systematic or meta-analytic approaches. The review aimed to identify innovations in scaffold materials, fabrication techniques, and translational strategies. Key questions addressed bioprinting methods, scaffold designs, and translational challenges. Studies included were in English, peer-reviewed, and focused on 3D printed scaffolds for osteochondral repair. Exclusions were non-osteochondral, non-3D fabrication studies, grey literature, editorials, and non-English papers. Literature was sourced from six databases using comprehensive keywords and Boolean operators. Backward citation tracking added relevant studies; no date limits were applied. Screening followed a four-phase selection process with dual independent reviewers. Data were charted thematically without bias assessment, focusing on methods, outcomes, and future gaps. The fabrication of biomimetic scaffolds, incorporating bioactive elements such as growth factors, has shown promise in replicating the extracellular matrix and enhancing tissue regeneration. Cutting-edge techniques, including inkjet, extrusion-based, and laser-assisted bioprinting, allow precise spatial control and multi-material integration essential for osteochondral scaffolds. Innovations such as graded scaffolds and bio-inks enriched with nanoparticles have further improved scaffold functionality, mechanical stability, and biological activity. Despite these advancements, limitations persist, including material challenges in achieving the desired balance of bioactivity, biodegradability, and mechanical properties. Fabrication methods face issues of scalability, reproducibility, and resolution, while the long-term biological interactions between scaffolds and host tissues, particularly degradation products, remain underexplored. Regulatory and economic barriers also impede clinical translation, underscoring the need for collaborative research efforts. Future directions emphasize the potential of emerging technologies, such as 4D printing, smart biomaterials, and soundwave patterning, to address current challenges and unlock new opportunities. The convergence of biomaterial science, additive manufacturing, and regenerative medicine holds immense promise for advancing personalized treatments and revolutionizing osteochondral tissue engineering.

ABSTRACT Promoting healthy and sustainable cities through urban design and planning is essential to improving the urban environment and overall population well-being. The Global Healthy and Sustainable City Indicators (GHSCI) initiative is a collaborative effort that provides open-source tools to support the development of spatial indicators for urban health promotion. This study used GHSCI software to analyze spatial indicator data for the Jakarta region. The collected data were evaluated and compared with the median values of the 25 initial cities from GHSCI’s first collaboration project. The research findings highlight Jakarta’s comparative position among other cities within the GHSCI framework. An analysis of GHSCI reveals both strengths and weaknesses in Jakarta’s efforts to achieve a healthy and sustainable urban status. Key findings include limited access to fresh food markets; high intersection density in most neighborhoods, which may serve as a potential marker for promoting walkability; and widespread access to public transportation, with the majority of residents living within proximity to bus stops. While these indicators provide valuable information, this study suggests that future refinements of GHSCI could benefit from expanded indicators that incorporate lessons from recent public health crises to better predict urban health.

ABSTRACT This study systematically examines workforce development strategies in digital preservation, focusing on institutional preferences for training existing staff versus hiring new professionals. Employing a systematic literature review (SLR) approach based on PRISMA guidelines, 22 empirical studies were analyzed to identify global trends, challenges, and training availability. The findings reveal that 66% of institutions prioritize training existing staff, while only 31.5% favor hiring new professionals. However, 61.2% of institutions report insufficient training opportunities, with significant regional and temporal disparities. North America and Europe exhibit relatively higher training availability, whereas Africa and Asia face considerable challenges. Temporal trends suggest that training availability fluctuates due to economic conditions, policy changes, and institutional priorities. The study underscores the urgent need for structured and accessible digital preservation training programs, increased funding, and collaborative efforts among institutions, policymakers, and professional organizations to enhance workforce capabilities. These findings provide valuable insights for improving memory institutions’ digital preservation practices and workforce readiness.

Gender-based violence (GBV) is an increasingly prevalent problem that can take many forms, have different levels of severity, and different ways of perpetuation. Palliative care providers’ holistic focus assists in improving the quality of life of patients by identifying and responding to various factors that cause suffering in their patients, which provides a unique perspective on identifying GBV. In Uganda, there is a high rate of GBV due to cultural norms, gender inequities, and gender roles. This qualitative case study explored perspectives on GBV through the lens of palliative care providers in Uganda. During 2023, five focus group discussions were conducted across Uganda among different palliative care providers. Thematic analysis was used to identify six themes from the data: Perceptions of What Constitutes GBV, Training Experiences & Recommendations, Identification of GBV, Factors Influencing GBV, Intersectionality of GBV and Palliative Care, and Impact on Family. This study displays the need for developing targeted training, improving collaborative efforts, and creating culturally tailored and appropriate interventions to address GBV through the lens of palliative care providers.

Brain metastases are the most prevalent intracranial neoplasms, affecting 15-40% of systemic cancer patients. Despite advancements in detection and treatment, there is a dearth of epidemiological data on brain metastases from developing countries, particularly India, where disparities in healthcare and fragmented cancer registries complicate accurate incidence assessments. This study consolidates research on brain metastases in India, identifying trends and gaps in the literature. A systematic review identified 254 studies, yielding 26 pertinent articles, predominantly retrospective in nature. Notably, only one study provided Level 1 evidence, highlighting the efficacy of memantine in preserving neurocognitive function in brain metastases patients undergoing radiation therapy. Other significant findings included the feasibility of stereotactic radiosurgery as a treatment option and the effectiveness of hippocampal avoidance whole brain radiation therapy in preserving cognitive function and improving quality of life. The research underscores an increasing trend in stereotactic radiosurgery usage in India; however, challenges remain due to limited access to advanced treatment facilities, particularly in rural areas. The current literature reflects advancements but emphasizes the need for large-scale epidemiological studies and improved cancer registries. Addressing these gaps through collaborative efforts and increased funding is essential for enhancing patient outcomes and advancing treatment protocols in the Indian context. This overview serves as a call to action for further research and the establishment of standardized practices in managing brain metastases in India.

The mentoring activity for establishing pineapple and vegetable demonstration plots (demplots) in Taroi District, Teluk Bintuni Regency, is a collaborative effort between the Tangguh LNG Bintuni company and the University of Papua (UNIPA). This program is designed to enhance the knowledge, skills, and motivation for gardening among Taroi residents, enabling them to produce vegetables and pineapples as new economically valuable income sources. The activities were conducted across four villages: Taroi, Tambanewa, Pera-pera, and Sorondouni. The commodities used in the demonstration plots were pineapple, chili, upland kangkong (water spinach), and mustard greens. The methodology employed was a participatory approach, including surveys, interviews, training, and pre-test/post-test evaluations. The implementation consisted of five main stages: site survey, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), participant selection, preparation of tools and materials, establishment of the demonstration plots, and activity evaluation. The results indicated that the majority of the Taroi District community resides in coastal areas with relatively thick peat soil conditions. Consequently, the local residents generally had little interest in planting vegetables, except for pineapple, which was grown with minimal maintenance. Findings also showed that prior to the mentoring, 59% of participants did not know how to control pests and diseases (OPT), 25% used pesticides, 8% removed diseased plants, and 8% regularly weeded. Only a small number of participants recognized the importance of limiting seeds per planting hole (27.27%), the importance of nurseries (28.57%), and types of fertilizers (42.86%). After the mentoring sessions, the participants' knowledge and skills increased to 100%. Furthermore, 84% of participants agreed with the implementation of this activity, and 76.92% agreed that the program provides long-term benefits for the community.

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) models will increasingly replace humans in producing output for a variety of important tasks. While much prior work has mostly focused on the improvement in the average performance of generative AI models relative to humans’ performance, much less attention has been paid to the significant reduction of variance in output produced by generative AI models. In this article, we demonstrate that generative AI models are inherently prone to the phenomenon of “regression toward the mean”, whereby variance in output tends to shrink relative to that in real-world distributions. We discuss potential social implications of this phenomenon across three levels—societal, group, and individual—and two dimensions—material and non-material. Finally, we discuss interventions to mitigate negative effects, considering the roles of both service providers and users. Overall, this article aims to raise awareness of the importance of output variance in generative AI and to foster collaborative efforts to meet the challenges posed by the reduction of variance in output generated by AI models.

ABSTRACT Despite ample evidence regarding the benefits of technology in home–school partnerships, there is limited understanding of how underprivileged families engage with this integration. This phenomenological case study investigated the experiences of Indigenous Papuan parents (n = 22) and teachers (n = 8) of primary school students regarding the use of technology in home–school partnerships. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and document analysis and analysed with an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach. Results suggested that parents and teachers were supportive of integrating technology into their collaborative efforts. Teachers’ cultural awareness and knowledge of technology of both teachers and parents played a role in determining the variety of benefits technology could offer. Technology had diverse functions, from basic to more advanced, in home–school partnerships to increase Papuan parents’ involvement in their children’s learning at school and home. Therefore, by using technology with holistic functions, schools might foster culturally responsive home–school partnerships with Indigenous parents.

Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common and severe form of juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. We conducted a global mapping of the JDM scientific literature to assess publication trends, collaboration patterns, intellectual structure, and emerging priorities. We identified English-language original articles on JDM published between 1976 and 2024 in the Web of Science Core Collection (Science Citation Index Expanded), limited to clinically relevant categories. Bibliometrix and VOSviewer were used to generate key bibliometric indicators. Disruption Index was applied to distinguish disruptive from consolidating work. A total of 1113 articles were published in 201 journals by 5626 researchers. Publication output peaked in 2024, with an annual growth rate of 7.8%. The United States produced the largest number of publications, whereas the United Kingdom achieved the highest time-normalized citation rate. Recent research has increasingly focused on immunological endotyping, myositis-specific antibodies (MSAs), disease activity indices, and registry-based studies. Disruption Index analysis showed that disruptive contributions clustered around epidemiologic baselines, core outcome sets, treatment strategies, and clinical definitions. JDM research has evolved into a measurement-driven, collaborative field focused on immunological profiling and standardized assessment. Strengthening international networks and registry-based designs may further accelerate progress in this rare disease domain. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of juvenile dermatomyositis research spanning nearly five decades. The study identifies key publication trends, intellectual structures, and disruptive contributions shaping the field. The findings demonstrate that international collaboration and standardization efforts significantly enhance citation impact and field-wide influence. The study provides a strategic roadmap for future research, emphasizing endotype-based classification, registry integration, and cross-specialty dissemination to accelerate progress in this rare disease.

Earlier disaster research has often assumed that the primary agent of choice is the autonomous human individual, overlooking how such decisions are shaped through relationships, notions, infrastructure, technologies, institutions, residential choice, and non-human environments. Following two major flood disasters in 2019 and 2021, local volunteer groups, municipal officials, and residents in Takeo City, Saga Prefecture engaged in various collaborative efforts to rebuild livelihoods, navigate administrative systems, and prepare for future events. This study examines how Japan’s emerging basin-based flood management policy, Ryuiki-chisui (River Basin Disaster Resilience and Sustainability by All), is implemented and reinterpreted in everyday practice through an ethnographic case study of Takeo City. Drawing on “logic of care,” “saikan (in-between disaster),” and “fluid,” the study analyzes how flood governance unfolds not as a sequence of rational choices or top-down directives, but as ongoing socio-technical tinkering shaped by relational labor, uncertainty, and situated forms of expertise. The findings show that Ryuiki-chisui operates as a dynamic set of practices that bridge the gaps between hydrological models, administrative frameworks, and residents’ embodied knowledge of the Rokkaku River basin. Volunteer intermediaries are critical in translating institutional categories, coordinating support for disaster certification and emergency repairs, and addressing the grey zones that fall between formal systems. Through these practices, flood governance has become a care-intensive process involving continuous adjustments across human and non-human actors such as pumps, gates, tides, homes, legal documents, and community networks. By highlighting the relational and ethically charged dimensions of life amid recurring disasters, this study advances international discourse on inclusive and transdisciplinary water governance. It demonstrates that effective basin-based flood management relies not only on technical measures, but also on cultivating forms of collaboration and care that sustain communities within continually changing environments. Practically, the findings suggest that Ryuiki-chisui will be more effective when intermediary work for translation, coordination, and grey-zone problem solving is recognized and resourced as part of basin governance, alongside conventional hard and soft measures. Conceptually, the study provides a practice-oriented specification of socio-hydrological coupling that can inform future interdisciplinary research integrating socio-hydrological modeling with ethnographic and participatory approaches.

Introduction This United Kingdom (UK)-based study examines how online tools and technologies shape young adults’ interactions with misinformation and fake news in everyday contexts, integrating insights from young adults and key stakeholders from both public and private sectors. Methods Through two data collection workshops—a stakeholder engagement session (N=22) and a co-design workshop with young adults aged 18 to 25 (M=7), we explored the challenges that young people face when encountering and interacting with misinformation and fake news online. Additionally, we examined the design of privacy-enhancing technologies, as well as the innovation and policy development priorities highlighted by our stakeholders. Results Our findings point to how young adults become vulnerable to exploitation by malicious actors online in various contexts, especially focusing on emotionally vulnerable life events. Our findings also emphasise the need for more empirical research that engages young adults within enclosed online communities, such as online gaming voice channels, where opinions can become radicalised, emotions intensified, and young adults desensitised. Discussion We propose implications for designing harm-reducing tools through increasing young people’s individual agency, equipping them with the skills to recognise, assess, and address misinformation whilst also enhancing their algorithmic and new media literacy. We also advocate for increased reciprocal interactions and collaboration between mainstream and marginalised communities. These recommendations aim to guide the education sector, parents, policymakers, media professionals, technology designers, and other stakeholders in exercising collective agency and fostering collaborative efforts to share communications and values that contribute to safeguarding a safer online environment for young adults.

ABSTRACT Underpinning crop yield and quality, seed vigor is an essential agronomic characteristic, especially given the substantial obstacles to crop production brought on by climate change. Although extensively studied, a systematic bibliometric analysis of this field – mapping its knowledge structure and research trends – has been lacking. In this paper, a bibliometric analysis of seed vigor studies was conducted, and the data were visualized using VOSviewer. The findings showed a marked increase in research output and citations, with China, Brazil, and the United States ranking as the most prolific countries. Notably, the field currently lacks dominant research groups and large-scale collaborative efforts. Furthermore, thanks to the keyword evolution map, potential future study focuses were revealed on: (1) seed aging (natural and artificial); (2) abiotic stresses; and (3) seed priming, particularly nanoparticle-based approaches. Finally, the current knowledge gaps and the suggested future actions are discussed. By offering a fundamental viewpoint to future research on seed vigor, this study can be used as a brick to attract jade.

Air pollution continues to pose a critical global challenge, with profound implications for public health. This article examines the current state of air pollution in East Asia, analyzes the detrimental effects of air pollutants on multiple human physiological systems, and proposes actionable mitigation strategies. By synthesizing existing research, this review aims to enhance awareness among policymakers, institutions, and the public, advocating for collaborative efforts in pollution control and health protection. The outlook proposes the implementation of evidence-based interventions to address this urgent environmental and health crisis.

Epidemiology of hepatitis C in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba compared to Canada, 1980-2023.