Patient and public involvement (PPI) is crucial for enhancing research quality and relevance and addressing health inequalities. PPI ensures that studies tackle relevant and meaningful questions, as there is a recognized need by the research community to document and share PPI studies to advance the field and encourage the adoption of such activities. The study aimed to provide a detailed report on the PPI activities undertaken to develop and implement a randomized controlled trial of a novel therapeutic tool designed to increase interoception and metacognition (ie, the Interoceptive Insight and Metacognitive Efficacy beliefs [InMe] trial). The InMe trial integrated insights from experts by experience, as well as from clinical and academic experts. This collaborative approach resulted in the development of a comprehensive trial across 4 main stages-design, delivery, results interpretation, and future planning. Here, we highlighted the unique insights and the added value in incorporating PPI activities into our trial development and implementation, while reporting challenges and shortcomings that were identified throughout this process. PPI activities within the InMe trial led to meaningful changes, while collaborators expressed satisfaction and increased interest in interoception research. Further improvements on how to best support experts by experience when sharing their experiences were also identified.

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has led to significant changes in students learning. The increasing use of application platforms such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Meta AI has demonstrated a shift in learning habits, which now emphasize speed and replace the reflective and collaborative approaches that are characteristic of traditional learning. This study aims to analyze how the use of AI can create new social habits among students in Indonesia and its impact on social values, morals, and the education system. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review through the analysis of various relevant scientific literature, both national and international. The results show that the repeated use of AI will form a digital habitus that emphasizes efficiency and quick results but weakens students' critical and reflective thinking skills. Furthermore, unequal access to technology deepens educational stratification, while the values of academic honesty and social responsibility are beginning to shift. Therefore, education in the AI era must focus on strengthening ethical digital literacy and the formation of a reflective habitus to ensure that technological development remains aligned with humanitarian values, morality, and academic integrity.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease that still faces challenges in terms of health literacy, social stigma, and limited support for its sufferers. In this context, social media is a strategic medium for healthcare organizations to convey information, build audience engagement, and facilitate community support. This study aims to analyze the digital health communication strategy of the Lupus Indonesia Foundation through the @yayasanlupusindonesia Instagram account using the framework of the Four Pillars of Social Media Strategy of Safko and Brake. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with the support of quantitative content analysis. The research data included 49 purposively selected Instagram posts, as well as audience comments collected through a scraping process using Apify's tools. The analysis is focused on the implementation of content strategies, audience engagement patterns, and user responses and sentiment. The results of the study show that the communication strategy of the Indonesian Lupus Foundation is not only oriented towards the delivery of health information, but also emphasizes a dialogical, collaborative, and empathetic approach. Communication and education-based content shows a relatively higher level of audience engagement, while the comment column serves as a digital social support space for people with lupus. These findings indicate that effective digital health communication in the context of chronic disease needs to integrate informational, relational, and affective dimensions simultaneously. This research provides a theoretical contribution in strengthening the relevance of the Four Pillars of Social Media Strategy in the study of digital health communication, as well as a practical contribution for health organizations in designing more participatory and sustainable social media communication strategies.

In evolutionary computation, distinct clusters that address different subproblems evolve independently of each other, which makes it difficult to exchange genetic information between them. However, a vaguely defined task within one system may be expressed more clearly within another. Effective interaction methods enable subsystems to collaborate more effectively in solving global tasks. By analysing how ambiguous intentions regarding electricity consumption influence actual behaviour in real-world scenarios, we discovered that transaction and negotiation patterns within electricity markets can effectively support this process. By introducing time and third parties, the study presents a semiautomatic, interpretable reasoning community logic system that enables machines to express transaction negotiation patterns. Through formalised operations, it facilitates the conversion of intentions, uncovering hidden relationships within global structures through this liberated form of expression. This paper examines its impact on computational and search paradigms through case studies, enabling collaborative approaches and granularity control via dynamic anchor points, and explores automated peer-to-peer transactions and electricity monetisation within highly abstracted power trading processes.

As manufacturing progresses, the demand for precision inspection of complex parts has intensified. To guarantee functionality and sensory performance, high-efficiency 3D shape measurement is required. In this paper, a collaborative robot-based approach for efficient and high-precision 3D shape inspection of complex parts is proposed. The system employs a collaborative robot to drive the scanner along optimized trajectories. First, the configuration of the inspection system is presented, and the ideal measurement mode for the sensor is analyzed. Subsequently, adaptive viewpoints are generated through parametric discretization based on surface geometric features. For inter-region scanning path planning, the problem is modeled as the Shortest Path Problem (SPP) within the framework of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and solved by constructing a Successive Approximation Algorithm (SAA). Furthermore, a Modified Denavit-Hartenberg (MDH) method is applied to establish the precise kinematic model of the collaborative robot. Inverse kinematics solutions are derived to convert planned viewpoints into target joint configurations, thereby achieving precise end-effector pose control. Simulation and experimental results on an engine cover and a cylinder head demonstrate that the proposed approach enables comprehensive 3D shape inspection of complex parts in a single setup and achieves higher efficiency and accuracy compared to existing methods. This work offers a viable solution for integrating robotic actuation and active sensing in the automated inspection of complex geometries.

Perceptions of school start times and adolescent sleep by WHO region.

Despite global progress in developing integrated mental healthcare on primary healthcare level, particularly in low-and-middle income countries, descriptions of scaling-up efforts remain scarce. The aim of this study was two-fold. First, to describe a collaborative approach to embed a common mental health conditions screening tool and process within district primary health care systems in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Second, to explore perceptions of participating frontline workers and policy makers of the barriers and facilitators to embedding the tool using this collaborative approach as part of a scale-up process. Following a participatory action research approach, a learning collaborative was established that involved (1) mental health service coordinators from each district of the province of KwaZulu-Natal (n = 11), (2) provincial managers and policymakers (n = 4), and (3) members of the local research team. The capacity building programme was co-developed during a series of participatory workshops, and the common mental health conditions screening tool and associated processes were implemented and workshopped iteratively. The development and implementation of this programme as part of scaling up the screening intervention was assessed drawing from workshop proceedings, individual interviews with district coordinators (n = 11), and a focus group discussion (n = 8). Data were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed guided by the Consolidated Framework for advancing Implementation Research. The participatory development and implementation process resulted in consensus building, curriculum development, situational analyses, training, and continuous quality improvement. The collaborative and co-development approach to the capacity building curriculum was broadly favoured. Outer Settings emerged in terms of a lack of formal guidance documents for district mental health services, limited intersectoral collaboration, and limited community mental health literacy. In terms of Inner Settings, mental health continued to be under-prioritised in district services, with a lack of ring-fenced funding and data monitoring systems. Regarding Individuals, PHC staff were less well-trained and did not always want to engage in mental healthcare, with limited opportunity for capacity development. In terms of Implementation Processes, the flexibility of programme was particularly well illustrated during the disruptions of COVID-19, and adaptations were added to the programme to help address mental health and containing leadership among primary healthcare workers. While this period resulted in virtual workshops, face-to-face meetings were favoured. The scaling-up of an integrated primary mental health screening innovation requires capacity building among mid-level management, and a co-developed, collaborative programme built on continuous quality improvement provides promise in providing flexibility and communal problem-solving for more sustained implementation.

UMKM play a vital role in a regional economy. However, many MSMEs in Payakumbuh City still face significant obstacles, particularly in terms of business legality, characterized by low levels of Business Identification Number (NIB). This situation hinders competitiveness, banking access, and business development opportunities. This community service activity aims to strengthen the legality of MSMEs through education and technical assistance. The method used is a participatory and collaborative approach, involving three main stages: a Business Law Education Workshop, an UMKM Legal Clinic (direct assistance in obtaining a NIB through the Online Single Submission/OSS system), and a Collaborative Discussion with local stakeholders. The results of the activity showed significant improvements, with 11 participants successfully obtaining a NIB and an increase in legal understanding that encouraged independent legal registration. This success proves that technical obstacles and lack of understanding can be overcome with appropriate assistance, resulting in an effective community-based legal assistance model. Thus, this legal strengthening contributes significantly to increasing the administrative capacity and competitiveness of UMKM in Payakumbuh.

Incidence and severity of opioid-associated skin and soft-tissue infections, often requiring intensive and costly medical care, have increased substantially since the emergence of xylazine in the US drug supply. Although progress has been made in clinical and harm reduction recommendations for treating xylazine-related wounds and slowing their progression, the mechanisms remain insufficiently established. This study aimed to describe wound experiences among people navigating xylazine exposure and explore their perspectives on wound etiology to inform collaborative clinical and public health approaches. Qualitative research as part of a convergent parallel mixed methods rapid assessment. Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Eligible participants were age 18 or over, Baltimore residents and reported injection drug use and xylazine and wound experience in the past year. Participants (n = 26) were evenly distributed by gender and race, mostly over 40, heterosexual, recently unhoused and most frequently injected "fentanyl, in combination with something" or speedball. Semi-structured qualitative interviews and participatory body mapping, verbatim transcription, iterative thematic analysis. Participants classified their wounds from mild (35%) to severe (23%) and commonly reported multiple wounds with shifting severity. Some characteristics matched those typically attributed to xylazine exposure, while others had less clear origins but were still perceived as xylazine-related. A spectrum from pimples, bumps, blisters to deep and blackened ulcerations were considered likely to be xylazine-related and a range of vascular and systemic symptomatology were considered possibly related, as were nasal and throat wounds for those who sniffed or snorted drugs. Participant causal attribution theories related to injection preparation (dilution, contamination), point of contact (subcutaneous tissue, vascularized areas, pulse injection) and interactions with co-occurring health conditions affecting vascular or immune systems (e.g. hypertension, auto-immune disorders). These align with physiological pathways suggested by clinicians and other researchers and offer additional explanations generated among people who inject drugs, drawing on injection-related physiological expertise and lived experience in the absence of formal clinical information. This attribution framework suggests a complex interplay between injection practices, xylazine's physiological effects and individual health conditions on wound development. Participant causal attribution theories about their possibly xylazine-related wounds align with physiological pathways suggested by clinicians and other researchers and offer additional explanations for wound etiology generated among people who inject drugs.

High-Consequence Infectious Diseases at Mayo Clinic: A Collaborative Approach to Readiness.

In the evolving educational landscape, integrating Media Arts into STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) education emerges as a pivotal strategy for harmonizing traditional STEM subjects with the creative arts. This study explores the transformative potential of Media Arts in STEAM, highlighting its role in enhancing educational outcomes in an increasingly digital world. We will explore how Media Arts serves as a dynamic channel, interweaving with STEAM disciplines to enrich learning experiences and foster essential 21st-century skills. Our focus centers on innovative pedagogical strategies that utilize digital media, storytelling, and interactive technologies. These methods are instrumental in cultivating critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills, which are vital in today’s interconnected and technology-driven society. The exploration includes analyzing how current policies and funding models, often skewed toward STEM, inadvertently sideline the arts, particularly Media Arts, in educational settings. This oversight underscores a gap in fostering a comprehensive STEAM education that truly encapsulates the essence of integrating arts with scientific and technological studies. Additionally, the study will reflect on the role of initiatives like the Connected Arts Network (CAN) in bridging this gap. CAN’s efforts in promoting teacher leadership and building robust Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) underscore the importance of collaborative and interdisciplinary approaches in education. Through this investigation, we aim to highlight the imperative of re-envisioning STEAM education to include Media Arts, advocating for policy shifts, and increasing funding that recognizes the invaluable contribution of the arts in shaping well-rounded, innovative, and adaptable learners.

This study examines stakeholder engagement and Child Street begging in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Guided by qualitative research objectives, data were collected through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and interviews, targeting children under 10 years engaged in street begging, as well as key informants. A total of 280 participants were selected from a population of 1,500 children using proportionate sampling. Data were analyzed thematically using NVivo 14 software. Findings revealed that government agencies perform multifaceted roles in addressing Child Street begging, including law enforcement, rehabilitation, social support, and community engagement. Enforcement and rehabilitation were the most frequently cited roles, while challenges such as limited resources and inadequate public awareness were consistently highlighted. The study also found that non-governmental and community-based organizations (NGOs and CBOs) play a pivotal role in protecting and rehabilitating vulnerable children through advocacy, awareness, mentorship, and moral guidance. The findings demonstrate that effective interventions require coordinated efforts between government agencies, communities, religious institutions, and NGOs. The study concludes that addressing Child Street begging in Sokoto State demands a multifaceted and collaborative approach. Recommendations include increasing funding and personnel for government programs, raising community awareness about the dangers of street begging, formalizing partnerships with NGOs and CBOs and expanding comprehensive rehabilitation programs encompassing education, counseling and vocational training to ensure sustainable reintegration of rescued children into society.

A multilevel clinic- and community-based intervention to increase COVID-19 vaccination among Latinos in San Diego County: Protocol description of the vaccine promotion program.

Can coercion in psychiatry be justified? A theoretical adversarial collaboration approach.

Thirty years after Baruch Fischhoff's (1995) influential article Risk Perception and Communication Unplugged, this commentary revisits the developmental stages and conclusions outlined in this seminal paper documenting and reflecting on the development of risk communication. Fischhoff's work has shaped decades of research and practice, and while not intended in this way, many institutional efforts continue to rely on the earliest, technically focused stages. We reflect on how the field has evolved in the context of Fischhoff's stages, considering the impact of digital platforms, participatory methods, and societal change since 1995 that shape risk communication today. Building on contemporary developments and our own experiences, we propose reordering Fischhoff's stages by moving partnership to the start of the communication process. We also revise its language to better reflect inclusive, collaborative, and dialogic approaches. Key themes include the persistence of information deficit models, the ethical responsibilities of communicators, and the tensions between theory and practice in risk communication. We also reflect on a selection of Fischhoff's (1995) conclusions, identifying still-existing, and evolving issues arising 30 years later. We argue that risk communication must be reconceptualized as a relational and political practice: One that respects public agency and centers partnership, rather than serving narrow persuasive aims. Fischhoff's contribution remains inspirational, provocative and instructive. It also challenges risk communicators to think more critically about the field's future and our responsibility to communicate risk ethically, inclusively, and meaningfully.

This systematic review aims to identify, categorize, and evaluate the effectiveness of GeoGebra-assisted instructional strategies reported in various published studies in developing mathematical communication skills among Indonesian high school students. Specifically, the review seeks to: (1) identify and categorize the types of GeoGebra-assisted instructional strategies employed by Indonesian teachers; (2) synthesize evidence regarding their effectiveness on students' mathematical communication skills; and (3) analyze implementation challenges and facilitating factors within the Indonesian educational context. Following the PRISMA framework, the study analyzed 20 empirical articles published between 2024 and 2025 which met the preset criteria. The use of Geogebra in the three predominant instructional strategies, such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Project-Based Learning (PjBL), and Discovery Learning, could enhance students' visual, symbolic, and verbal communication skills. The synthesis reveals that GeoGebra's interactive features facilitate mathematical representation and discourse, though implementation faces challenges including infrastructural limitations and varying levels of teacher readiness. Facilitating factors include GeoGebra's accessibility, visual capabilities, and compatibility with collaborative learning approaches. The novelty of this review lies in its focused synthesis of implementation dynamics within the Indonesian context. Practical implications underscore the need for targeted professional development and institutional support to optimize GeoGebra integration. This study contributes an evidence-based framework to guide educators and policymakers in fostering effective, communication-oriented mathematics instruction.

A curriculum framework for embedding artificial intelligence literacies in pre-registration nursing education.

The role of plastic reconstructive surgery in surgical reconstruction of soft tissue defects after resection of musculoskeletal tumors.

An ensemble learning-enhanced collaborative surrogate modeling approach with improved particle swarm optimization for structural reliability assessment

Classification and Treatment of Long-standing (Severe and Enduring) Anorexia Nervosa.