Cold Region Of China Research Articles

Towards zero-carbon solar heating in severe cold and cold regions of China by building integrated heat pipes

As a climate-responsive building, the building integrated heat pipes (BIHP) can greatly improve the indoor thermal environment during the local heating season, utilizing the thermal diode characteristic and ultrahigh equivalent thermal conductivity of the L-shaped flat gravity heat pipe. The thermophysical properties of the internal envelope greatly influence the heating effect, and the utilization potentiality of BIHP varies in locations with diverse climate resources. In this paper, the utilization effects of BIHP at 61 locations in severe cold and cold regions of China are investigated. Improved backtracking search and particle swarm optimization are used to obtain the optimal heating effect and the corresponding thermophysical properties of the internal envelope at zero-carbon heating locations and non-zero-carbon heating locations, respectively. The relationship between the improvement degree of thermal discomfort and the solar radiation over temperature difference is studied, and the utilization potentiality map and zoning of BIHP are obtained. This study is of great significance for promoting the application of climate-responsive BIHP to effectively and efficiently utilize solar energy to reach zero-carbon heating.

Improvement of Human Comfort in Rural Cave Dwellings via Sunrooms in Cold Regions of China

Economic development limits the living quality of rural residents. In particular, the residential buildings in northern China generally have poor thermal comfort in winter, which affects the physical and mental health of residents. Because of the separation of rooms, residents who live in cave dwellings often have to enter and leave rooms in the course of their daily lives, which leads to worse thermal feelings in winter. Because of the low price and the wind insulation and heat storage, sunrooms are widely used in renovations of rural houses. The traditional purpose of the addition of a sunroom is to provide a buffer room between outdoor and indoor spaces. This manuscript focuses on improving the degree of thermal comfort by means of a sunroom connecting all rooms. This study selected two families with the same number of members and similar daily activities as the study cases. One of the families had a sunroom built to connect its bedroom, living room, and washroom. The household’s air temperature and human comfort were measured both on holidays and on workdays. It is demonstrated that adding a sunroom can significantly stabilize the thermal environment and increase the air temperature in both the bedroom and the living room. Adding a sunroom can increase the air temperature of a cave dwelling’s main room by 1.0 °C on workdays and 4.3 °C on holidays. A cave dwelling with a sunroom can also provide residents with a decent level of human comfort for 24.4% of their daily time on workdays and 39.1% of the time during holidays. This research demonstrates that a sunroom can not only increase the air temperature in cave dwellings but also enhance the stability of human comfort. The conclusion provides new renovation ideas for improving the living comfort of cave dwellings.

Heat storage and release in binary paraffin-hexadecyl amine composites for solar greenhouses in cold climates

Traditional solar greenhouses in cold regions of China often suffer from poor thermal insulation and storage capacity, resulting in inefficient use of solar energy resources and reduced crop production efficiency. Therefore, it is crucial to explore methods to enhance the thermal conditions within these greenhouses. This paper proposes incorporating a “binary paraffin hexadecyl amine” phase change material into concrete, creating a novel composite material for use in a phase change thermal storage concrete slab. This approach can effectively address the previously mentioned issues. Two solar greenhouses were constructed to directly observe the material's impact on the thermal environment within a greenhouse. One greenhouse was equipped with the phase-change thermal storage slab, while the other served as a control greenhouse without the slab. Temperature field test was conducted on both greenhouses, and the obtained test data demonstrated the temperature regulation advantages of the phase-change greenhouses. Tomatoes were concurrently cultivated in both structures, and a temperature test was conducted to assess the phase-change heat-storage slab's influence on temperature regulation. The results indicate that, compared to similar studies, the phase-change heat-storage slab employed in this study demonstrates superior temperature regulation capabilities. It raises the average greenhouse temperature by 4.2 °C during winter, storing 8.85 × 104 kJ/m3 of heat per unit volume, which is 1.5 to 2.8 times higher than existing materials in the same category. In sunny conditions, the phase-change greenhouse exhibited a 4.9 °C reduction in maximum indoor temperature during the day and a 3.5 °C increase in minimum indoor temperature at night compared to the control greenhouse. This indicated that the phase-change heat storage slab acted as a heat buffer, effectively regulating the temperature inside the solar greenhouse. Tomatoes experienced a 26.6 % increase in effective accumulated temperature, resulting in maturation period occurring 13.04 % earlier compared to the control greenhouse.

Effects of thermal-acoustic interaction on airport terminal's indoor thermal comfort: A case study in cold region of China

Airport terminals are typical large-scale public buildings. Improving the indoor environment of the terminal plays an important role in increasing users' comfort status. In this study, we chose Xianyang Airport Terminal 3 and conducted field tests and questionnaire surveys to obtain indoor environmental parameters and subjective perceptual evaluations. By comparing the correlations between the two aspects, we made analyses about the interaction effects of thermal-acoustic environments on people's indoor thermal comfort. The results show that there are significant correlations between TSV and the temperature, SSV and the sound level. The neutral temperatures of MB and CB are 19 °C and 21 °C, respectively. TCV are mostly above 0, but when the temperature reaches a certain state, it would decrease rapidly. Most of the participants hasn't showed strong feelings of comfort or discomfort, which revealed a relatively high tolerance and adaptation to the indoor environment. As the summer is hot and humid, setting the indoor temperature at 24 °C would be a balance between cost and comfort. The overall sound level is loud, which decreased the TCV to a certain extent while the tendency of how thermal comfort changes remains the same. According to different characteristics of the space, various passive and active approaches were suggested to improve the thermal and acoustic environment. This study partly agrees with the previous studies and we hope to provide reference for the optimization of summer indoor environment in large-scale public buildings in similar climate and location.

Evaluating the elderly satisfaction in medical recuperation building in the cold regions of China

Evaluating the elderly satisfaction in medical recuperation building in the cold regions of China

Optimization Analysis of an Energy-Saving Renovation Scheme for Building Envelopes of Existing Rural Houses Based on a Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation

In the cold regions of China, the existing rural houses are widely distributed and in large numbers. There are widespread problems such as low thermal performance of building envelopes, high building energy consumption, and poor indoor thermal environments. Reducing the energy consumption of building heating by reforming the envelope structure can reduce the environmental pollution caused by heating. In this paper, the existing rural houses in Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province are taken as the research object, and EnergyPlus software is used to calculate building heating energy consumption, and the schemes are compared and selected via the entropy value method. Based on a comprehensive benefit evaluation, the best scheme for the renovation of building envelopes of rural houses in Tongchuan City is put forward. The research results show that the energy saving rate of buildings can reach more than 50% after renovation. In the evaluation of energy saving, incremental cost, return on investment, carbon emission reduction and unguaranteed hours, the weights are 0.1915, 0.2104, 0.2312, 1755, and 0.187, respectively. The best renovation scheme for rural housing is as follows: the thickness of the XPS board is 90 mm for exterior wall insulation; the thickness of the XPS board is 80 mm for roof insulation; the window-to-wall ratio of additional sunspace is 0.6; and the type of exterior windows is a broken-bridge hollow aluminum window of 6 + 12A + 6 (mm).

Multi-Stage Sensitivity Analysis of the Energy Demand for the Cooling of Grain Warehouses in Cold Regions of China

The early design parameters exert a considerable influence on the cooling energy demand of a granary building in operation. In order to investigate the impact of various parameters on energy use, a grain warehouse energy model was constructed using the Ladybug + Honeybee tools on the Grasshopper platform. Three global energy sensitivity methods were used to analyze the model, and the sizes of the influential parameters were determined and ranked. The study uncovered that the cooling energy demand of the grain warehouse was primarily influenced by factors such as the cooling set-point temperature, roof solar absorptance, roof and exterior wall insulation thickness, window type, and orientation. On this basis, a local sensitivity analysis was conducted for the highly sensitive parameters to identify their influence trend and optimal design range. The results showed that the cooling energy demand of the grain warehouse increases faster as the cooling set-point temperature decreases, with the highest growth rate occurring at a temperature below 18 °C. Lower solar absorptance of the roof is conducive to reducing the cooling energy demand of the grain warehouse. When the thickness of the roof thermal insulation is less than 120 mm and the thickness of the external wall thermal insulation is less than 60 mm, energy use decreases more quickly with greater insulation thickness. It is advisable to use traditional or new windows with thermal insulation and shuttered windows. Furthermore, the optimal position of the long side of the granary was between 10° west and 10° east of north. This research could provide guidance for the energy-saving design and renovation of granary buildings in cold regions of China.

Effects of urban vegetation on microclimate and building energy demand in winter: An evaluation using coupled simulations

As an important landscape, the evergreen vegetation is prevailing, even in cold region cities. However, the impacts of promoting vegetation on microclimate and building heating load (BHL) are still inexplicit. This study validated the feasibility of a new-developed coupled model that linked ENVI-met and EnergyPlus, for predicting the microclimate and BHL in winter. The impacts of vegetation configuration changes on the performances of three typical urban blocks in Xi'an, a high-density city in the cold region of China, were then evaluated. When the leaf area index of green lands increased from 0.79 to 4.77 m2/m2, a decrease of 3.27 °C on mean radiant temperature, a decrease of 0.48 m/s on wind speed, and an increase of 0.47 °C on air temperature at the block scale could be observed. To the three blocks, the BHL of thermal zones in the height range of tree canopy increased by 7.16 %, 1.52 % and 3.57 % during a sunny day, and decreased by 2.80 %, 0.55 %, and 0.06 % during a cloudy day maximally. Overall, the evergreen vegetation produced negative impacts on the building energy efficiency of cold region cities. For urban planners, it's advisable to concentrate evergreen plants in high-rise blocks to mitigate such disadvantages.

Investigation of Indoor Airborne Bacteria in the Severe Cold Region in China: Genera, Levels, and the Influencing Factors of Concentration

In regions experiencing severe cold, inadequate ventilation during winter months often leads to increased concentrations of indoor pollutants. While there have been several studies on indoor particulate matter and inorganic pollutants in such regions, bioaerosol pollution has not been as extensively investigated. This study examines the indoor bioaerosol situation in a university located in one of the severe cold regions in China, focusing on bacteria as a representative pollutant. It investigated random samples of an office and a dormitory (including washrooms) and spanned heating and nonheating periods. The findings indicated that bacterial abundance in the dormitory and office was approximately equivalent. The predominant airborne bacterial communities identified were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes, and Myxococcota. Opening windows effectively reduced bacterial concentrations during both heating and nonheating periods. When windows remained closed, bacterial concentrations exceeded the standard by 9.1% during the nonheating period and by 14.3% during the heating period. Furthermore, temperature and relative humidity influenced bacterial particle size, activity, and consequently, aerosol concentrations. In the office, the highest percentage of bioaerosols was observed in particle sizes <1.1 and 1.1–2.1 μm, with smaller percentages observed in other particle sizes. Conversely, the percentage of particle sizes 2.1–3.3 μm in the dormitory was higher. The highest bacterial aerosol concentrations were detected in the morning in both the dormitory and office, during heating and nonheating periods. Bacterial concentrations in the office were lower on weekends than on weekdays, whereas in the dormitory, concentrations were higher on weekends than on weekdays. The above results indicate that indoor bacterial aerosol pollution is serious in winter in severe cold regions, which needs more attention.

Research on Integrated Art Design of Building Exterior Finishing with Photovoltaic Application Technology

This study is based on the cold regions of China, namely severe and cold regions. By fully utilizing photovoltaic technology, local green energy can be reasonably utilized, and feasible reference can be provided for architectural design in cold regions of China. Based on the “dual carbon” goal, the application of photovoltaic technology in building skins is discussed. Through the research of this project, it is possible to clarify ways to reduce carbon emissions and promote local green and sustainable development. Examples were provided to illustrate the main manifestations of photovoltaic building integration. Through the specific application and analysis of photovoltaic housing projects, photovoltaic curtain walls, photovoltaic components, and photovoltaic materials in the skin system, it is explained that photovoltaic materials can play an important role in participating in the shaping of building form and space. The key to the integration of photovoltaic building technology is to find the best balance between energy, comfort, indoor lighting environment, economy, and design aesthetics.

A143: Influence of Sports Participation on Females’ Health in the Cold Cities of Northeast China

Purpose: People living in the northeastern, cold region of China have been enduring a severe climate. It’s well known that sports participation can promote health. However, there is a lack of research on sports participation among urban females in cold areas of China. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the influence of sports participation on urban females’ health in northeastern China. Methods: A total of 305 urban females (aged 39 years) from Harbin completed an online survey, which asks about demographic information, health status, and sports participation. Health status was assessed by measuring three dimensions of health-related indicators (BMI, chronic illness, and healthcare utilization) and six dimensions of health-related behaviors (participation, years, exercise times, intensity, duration of exercise and organization). Results: Results showed that 41.6% of the participants had a sedentary lifestyle, 65.8% had participated in physical activity, and 68.3% worked out in summer and stopped participation in winter. There was a significant correlation between the health status and chronic illness (r = -0.32), participation (r = 0.49), exercise times (r = 0.32), intensity (r = 0.32), years (r = 0.37), and organization (r = 0.49). Multiple regression revealed that all the significantly corrected variables predicted health status, βchronic illness = -0.17, βparticipation = 0.52, βexercise time = 0.22, βexercise intensity = 0.35, βyears = 0.06, and βorganization = 0.08. Conclusion: Females’ sports participation in the northeastern cities of China is mainly characterized by a lack of physical activity in general and a seasonal participation pattern (being physically inactive in winter). Their chronic illness, participation, exercise times, intensity, years, and organization all had a significant impact on their health status.

The comprehensive impact of thermal-PM2.5 interaction on subjective evaluation of urban outdoor space: A pilot study in a cold region of China.

Urban outdoor space has a very important impact on the quality of people's outdoor activities, which has influenced people's health and moods. Its influence is the result of the combined action of various factors. Thermal and air quality environment are important factors affecting the overall comfort of the urban outdoor space. At present, there are few research on interaction with thermal and air quality environment. Therefore, a meteorological measurement and questionnaire survey have been conducted in a representative open space in a campus in Xi'an, China. The following are the research results:(1) Mean physiological equivalent temperature (MPET) is a significant factor affecting thermal sensation vote (TSV) and thermal comfort vote (TCV). PM2.5 has no significant effect on thermal comfort vote (TCV), but it is a considerable factor affecting thermal sensation vote (TSV) when 10.2°C ≤ MPET<21°C (P = 0.023 *). (2) PM2.5 is a significant factor affecting air quality vote (AQV) and breathing comfort vote (BCV).Mean physiological equivalent temperature (MPET) has no significant impact on air quality vote (AQV), but it is a considerable factor affecting breathing comfort vote (BCV) when 10.2°C ≤ MPET<21°C (P = 0.01 **). (3) Mean physiological equivalent temperature (MPET) is a significant factor affecting overall comfort vote (OCV), but PM2.5 is not. In general, When 10.2°C ≤ MPET<21°C (-0.5 < -0.37 ≤ TCV ≤ 0.12 <0.5), the interaction between thermal and PM2.5 environment is significant on thermal sensation vote (TSV) and breathing comfort vote (BCV). This study can provide experimental support for the field of multi-factor interaction, which has shown that improving the thermal environment can better breathing comfort, while reducing PM2.5 concentration can promote thermal comfort. And can also provide reference for the study of human subjective comfort in urban outdoor space in the same latitude of the world.

Milk Yield Prediction and Economic Analysis of Optimized Rearing Environment in a Cold Region Using Neural Network Model

The milk yield of dairy cows in a non-stressed state in the cold region in China is lower during cold seasons. In this study, the correlations between indoor environmental factors and milk production were analyzed. Temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity were found to be the main factors affecting milk yield. The warning values of these factors for lower milk production were 5 °C, 60%, and 300 lx, respectively. A neural network model predicting milk yield based on environmental factors was established, and the optimal model parameters were determined, resulting in a high accuracy of R2 = 0.802. This model was used to investigate the optimal measure for improving the indoor environment, which helps to increase milk production and economic benefits, including LED lights, heating radiators, and dehumidifiers. In conclusion, each type of device led to the growth of milk yield, reaching 2.341, 1.706, and 1.893 kg cow−1 Day−1. The combination of heating radiator and LED light resulted in the highest increased net benefit of 16.802 CNY cow−1 Day−1. This is the first time that a neural network model was successfully built to predict milk yield based on climatic features which was also applied to economic analysis of indoor environment improvement for dairy barns in extreme cold regions.

Effect of Short-Term Organic Matter Returns on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions, Phosphorus Fractions and Microbial Community in Cold Region of China

To investigate the effect of different organic matter returns on soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions, phosphorus (P) fractions and microbial communities, a pot experiment was conducted in a cold region of China for three years. There were six treatments in this study, including no rice straw return (S0), rice straw return (SR), decomposed rice straw return (DS), rice-straw-burned return (BS), rice root return (RR) and decomposed cattle manure return (DM). The results indicated that the organic matter returns had no significant effect on the rice yield after three years. The SR, DS and DM treatments significantly increased the content of the soil’s total organic carbon (TOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC). The BS treatment decreased the soil MBC content. The SR, DS, BS and DM treatments significantly increased the content of the soil’s total P, NaHCO3-P, NaOH-P and residual-P. The proportion of nonlabile P (HCl-P and residual-P) was reduced by the organic matter returns. The SOC fractions were positively correlated to the soil P fractions (except HCl-P). The organic matter returns did not affect the microbial diversity but did change the microbial community composition. The dominant phyla included Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes. Compared with the S0 treatment, the organic matter returns increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Anaerolineae and Alphaproteobacteria and decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Clostridia and Bacteroidia. The contents of MBC, DOC and NaOH-P were the main factors affecting the microbial community composition, and the soil’s P fractions had a larger influence on the microbial community than the SOC fractions. These results indicated that the incorporation of rice straw, decomposed rice straw and decomposed cattle manure might be an effective practice for maintaining soil fertility in the cold region of China.

Exploring the impact of additional sunspace on the total annual energy consumption of rural residences in cold region of China: a Case study in the Xuzhou region

ABSTRACT Sunspace is a popular strategy for enhancing the energy efficiency of buildings. This study aims to investigate the impact of sunspace on a rural residence located in a cold region of China on its total annual energy consumption. To do so, the researchers developed a benchmark model of a rural residence in Xuzhou and simulated six types of additional sunspaces using Honeybee to estimate energy consumption. The results clearly demonstrated that incorporating sunspaces into rural residences had a significant impact on reducing annual energy consumption, leading to energy savings ranging from 4.7% to 10.8% compared to the benchmark rural residence. Additionally, the study analyzed the relationship between the energy consumption of the rural residence and the location and depth of the sunspace. The findings revealed that the location of the sunspace had a greater impact on annual energy consumption than its depth. Lastly, the study also analyzed the economic viability of sunspace application in XuZhou rural residences, demonstrating that the utilization of sunspaces in XuZhou rural residences is economically feasible. The study provides valuable empirical and theoretical support for the design of sunspaces in rural residences located in cold regions of China and underscores the potential benefits of incorporating sunspaces to improve building energy efficiency.

6G-enabled open-pit mine security: toward wise evaluation, monitoring, and early warning

The mining of open pit can easily cause geological disasters such as landslide and debris flow. It is widely acknowledged that communication technology could solve the existing problems in engineering practice from the aspects of disaster monitoring, deformation monitoring, landslide warning and emergency communication. This research paper introduces a fully integrated monitoring and early warning solution tailored for mining regions. By synergizing 6G and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technologies, the system effectively addresses signal transmission challenges in complex environments. The utilization of 6G’s high-speed, low-latency, and extensive connectivity capabilities enables efficient communication in these settings. The study focuses on a specific open-pit mine located in a cold region of China, utilizing it as a case study to demonstrate the system’s effectiveness in enhancing slope safety through comprehensive monitoring and early warning mechanisms. Apart from considering traditional dump characteristics and external factors, the system also introduces an innovative early warning index for detecting slope changes. Applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method ensures reliable evaluation results, facilitating slope assessment, monitoring, and early warning procedures in water-rich open-pit mines situated in cold areas.

Investigation of Heat Storage Coupled with Night Ventilation for Office Buildings in Summer in Cold Regions of China

Building operational energy consumption, which constitutes a significant portion of China’s total social energy consumption, is a top priority in current research on energy-saving buildings. Thermal mass can be utilized to store heat energy in buildings, resulting in energy flexibility on the demand side. Numerical simulations in this paper study the whole heat transfer process of building thermal mass and the distribution of indoor air temperature and thermal mass temperature under different ventilation conditions in Jinan, a typical city in cold regions of China. By implementing a night ventilation scheme, buildings with high thermal storage capacity can store substantial amounts of cooling energy, resulting in a lower indoor temperature on the following day, and thereby improving overall indoor comfort. During the day, the wall surface temperature drops to less than 302 K, and the indoor temperature decreases by 2∼4 K, while the wall absorbs 1535 kJ of indoor heat. The rule of heat storage and release of heat mass is studied in this paper, and the feasibility of energy use flexibility on the demand side is demonstrated.

An economic-energetic-environmental evaluation algorithm for hybrid mid-depth geothermal heating system

Low-carbon and high-efficiency mid-depth ground-source heat pumps become a promising heating option for cold regions in China towards carbon neutral. However, system-level evaluation algorithm that incorporates multiple influences are needed. Hence, an economic-energetic-environmental evaluation algorithm for a hybrid mid-depth geothermal heating system was established. It couples load characteristics and reflects the impact of design parameters, geological conditions, and fluctuating factors on three evaluation indicators. The economic performance increases initially as heat pump load ratio and hole depth grow but is more sensitive to the former. A recommended design parameters’ zone is given for the general case. Moreover, when the load ratio is 0.65 and the depth is 2750 m, the maximum relative NPV reaches 88.4 million CNY. The peak value of carbon reduction revenue, 54.7 CNY/tCO2, appears near the load ratio of 0.63 and the depth of 3300 m. The valley of heating cost, −15.9 CNY/GJ, occurs near the load ratio of 0.66 and the depth of 2600 m. The break-even point of geothermal gradient has a positive linear relationship with the hole completion cost, by which investing feasibility can be determined. Fluctuating factors have a significant impact on the above indicators but will not change the profit-loss status.

Study on the Performance of a New Ultra-Low Temperature Air Source Heat Pump (ASHP) Unit in Cold Regions

Low air temperature and frosting have been reported as the critical factors that greatly attenuate the efficiency and performance of the ASHP in cold regions. In order to ensure the potential prevalence of the ASHP in cold regions of China, a new ultra-low temperature ASHP unit was developed, and the field measurement was carried out in an office building where these ASHP units were installed in Shanxi Province. Results showed that a coefficient of performance (COP) of 1.83 was obtained at the ultra-low environmental temperature of −25 °C. Meanwhile, measured results indicated significant frosting suppression and improved heating performance under three typical frosting conditions. In addition, long-term measurement results revealed that the mean COP and COPsys reached up to 3.34 and 2.63, respectively, indicating a higher performance in the cold regions of China. Consequently, the corresponding CO2 emission reached 11.3 kg per year and per square meter, and the annual total cost on the unit reduced by 15.8% compared with the conventional ASHP, which meant that the total investment could be covered in the second year. The reduced CO2 emission and the annual cost implied that the ASHP unit could produce better environmental and economic benefits. Findings of this study revealed that this ultra-low temperature ASHP unit had a better performance under cold environment, which offered a possibility for the prevailing of the ASHP in cold or extremely cold regions, as well as could contribute to the carbon peaking and neutralization.

Coupling effect between tunnel lining heat exchanger and subway thermal environment

If the waste heat generated during the long-term operation of a subway cannot be effectively eliminated, it will lead to the deterioration of the tunnel thermal environment and thermal pollution of the underground space. A subway source heat pump system (SSHPS) with a tunnel lining heat exchanger is an effective technique for addressing this problem. The present studies mainly focus on the design and performance optimisation of front-end heat exchangers and lack the analysis of the influence of heat exchanger operation on the thermal environment within the tunnels. Based on a demonstration project of an SSHPS in a cold region of China, this study established a coupled heat transfer model involving tunnel air, a lining heat exchanger, and surrounding rock and built a system simulation module in the TRNSYS platform. Based on the validated system simulation module, the coupling effect between the lining heat exchanger operation and the tunnel thermal environment was analysed under different tunnel environment conditions. The results show that when the heat produced in the tunnel increases at the rate of 100 W/m, the heat transfer between the heat exchanger and the tunnel air decreases by 4.35 W/m2 in the cooling season, and increases by 4.36 W/m2 in the heating season. In the cooling season, when the surrounding rock temperature rises by 2 °C, the heat released by the heat exchanger to the surrounding rock decreases by 3.6 W/m2, while that to the tunnel air increases by 0.68 W/m2. The results indicate that the heat generated by subway operations directly affects the heat transfer efficiency between the tunnel lining heat exchanger and tunnel air. The increase in the temperature of the surrounding rock causes the heat exchanger to release more heat to the tunnel air and vice versa. It is suggested that when the subway tunnel heat generation or heat exchanger operation has adverse effects on the tunnel environment, the operating condition of the tunnel heat exchanger should be adjusted accordingly to prevent the tunnel air temperature from exceeding the design limits. This study can provide a reference for the engineering design of subway tunnel lining heat exchangers.