Effects of early life stress on functional connectivity underlying cognitive flexibility across the lifespan.

Altered theta distribution and coherence during set-shifting in older age.

Acute stress impairs reversal learning in mice via neurochemical and transcriptional mechanisms in the orbitofrontal cortex.

Burnout is a prevalent and costly work-related condition characterized by four symptom dimensions: cognitive impairment, emotional impairment, mental distance and exhaustion. Although coping, coping flexibility, and cognitive flexibility have been linked to burnout, their unique contributions to its dimensions remain unclear. This longitudinal study used regression analyses to test whether coping, coping flexibility, and cognitive flexibility predict dimensions of burnout two weeks later, adjusting for covariates and baseline burnout. Participants were 337 Australian adults (62% women), aged 18-35, who were working or studying at least three days per week. Evaluation coping flexibility predicted lower cognitive impairment (B=-0.28, p=.003), and adaptive coping flexibility predicted greater exhaustion (B=0.13, p=.458). Substance use as a coping strategy predicted greater emotional impairment (B=0.31, p=.040) and behavioral disengagement as a coping strategy predicted greater mental distance (B=0.26, p=.041) and exhaustion (B=0.41, p<.001). Cognitive flexibility did not predict dimensions of burnout. Findings indicate that burnout risk is influenced by coping strategy use and coping flexibility, highlighting these as intervention targets.

Optimizing cognitive enhancement through dopamine transporter modulation.

Home-cage monitoring methods reveal age- and strain-related differences in motor, thermal, and cognitive functions in male mice of two inbred strains.

This study investigates cognitive-linguistic predictors of reading comprehension (RC) in Hebrew-speaking children with reading difficulties (RD). Hebrew's dual orthographic system including vowelized (shallow) and unvowelized (deep) scripts offers a valuable context for examining how cognitive-linguistic predictors differentially support reading across levels of orthographic transparency. A cross-sectional design was used with Grade 3 children with RD, utilising Fisher's Z-tests to identify significant differences in the strength of correlations between predictors and RC across scripts as well as multilevel modelling (MLM) to clarify the unique contribution of each predictor within each orthographic context. Results indicate that PA showed a stronger contribution to RC in the vowelized script, whereas RAN, vocabulary, and unvowelized word reading efficiency were stronger predictors in the unvowelized script. Cognitive flexibility was associated with RC in both scripts based on Pearson correlations, but MLM indicated a significant contribution only in the unvowelized script. These findings highlight the importance of considering orthographic depth when evaluating the cognitive-linguistic underpinnings of reading and offer script-specific insights that may inform assessment practices and intervention planning for children with RD.

Associations among executive function, social functioning, emotional states, and eating behavior patterns in young adults.

Chronic neuropathic pain alters reversal learning and prefrontal cortex activation without generalized deficits in reward-related behavior.

Adaptive fusion of EEG and NIRS with explainable AI reveals neurophysiological markers of cognitive flexibility.

Cognitive flexibility in adults with schizophrenia: A scoping review.

Changes in insular subregion functional connectivity and its correlation with cognitive flexibility in patients with first-episode and treatment-naïve obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Cognitive flexibility, resilience, and anger management are critical for health care workers operating in high-stress environments such as intensive care units (ICUs). This study examined the levels of cognitive flexibility, resilience, and anger management among ICU health care workers and explored the relationships among these variables. This descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted between July and October 2022 in the ICUs of a training and research hospital in Türkiye (N = 147). Data were collected via the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Trait Anger and Anger Expression Scale. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and Pearson correlation analyses were performed. The participants showed high cognitive flexibility (mean ± SD; Cognitive Flexibility Inventory = 78.79 ± 10.13) and moderate resilience (Brief Resilience Scale = 20.76 ± 4.49). Cognitive flexibility was positively correlated with resilience (r = .574, p < .001). Resilience and cognitive flexibility were negatively associated with trait anger and maladaptive anger expression styles (p < .05), whereas resilience was positively associated with anger control (p < .05). Cognitive flexibility and resilience may function as protective factors against maladaptive anger responses among ICU health care workers. Strengthening these competencies may support emotional regulation, reduce burnout risk, and improve the quality of clinical and assistive care in intensive care settings.

Urban heat exposure patterns and domain-specific executive function in adolescents.

Alpha1 adrenergic receptors integrate across multiple separable heart rate variability metrics during alcohol drinking.

Microglial morphology reflects cognitive status in the aging rat brain.

Taxonomies are widely used in sport science to classify disciplines according to structural, cognitive, and physiological demands, yet their robustness in differentiating athletes' cognitive performance remains uncertain. This study examined whether commonly applied sport classification frameworks-open versus closed skills, strategic-static-interceptive, participant classification, and multidimensional team/precision-skill/speed-strength-meaningfully represent cognitive differences within junior and senior national squad athletes. A total of 595 national squad athletes from eight sports (artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, trampoline, basketball, volleyball, ice hockey, table tennis, modern pentathlon) completed standardized measures of basic (processing speed, attention) and higher (working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility) cognitive functions. Using a model comparison approach, we show that the usefulness of taxonomic contrasts is limited because taxonomy-based models did not improve model fit relative to the null model or the model containing single sport disciplines. For processing speed, single disciplines provided the best fit. Supplementary analyses showed that processing-speed-based norm scores were above population means and moderately related to attention, but only weakly related to working memory and unrelated to executive control measures. Together, these findings suggest that conclusions about cognitive differences among high-performance athletes cannot be reliably made using taxonomic classifications as they lack robustness under realistic sampling conditions. The results underscore the importance of sport-specific and individual-level approaches when investigating cognitive functioning in high-performance sport contexts.

Anti-NMDAR antibody exposure induces cognitive inflexibility and prefrontal GABAergic dysregulation in mice.

Adaptive behavior is central to coping with dynamic environmental changes. Although functional neuroanatomical and neurophysiological considerations suggest that information must be exchanged during adaptive behavior and similar predictions can be derived from cognitive science concepts, attempts to delineate the directed information transfer in theta and alpha networks during behavioral adaptation are rare. Using task switching as an experimental vehicle, we examined directed communication in theta and alpha band networks in 51 healthy individuals. We combined EEG-beamforming with an artificial neural network-based estimation of linear and nonlinear directed information transfer between cortical regions. We show increased theta and alpha band activities during switch trials, which aligns with the cognitive control demands of task switching. EEG-beamforming indicated oscillatory modulations in distinct brain-wide networks depending on frequency and time window, with theta and alpha activities strongly tied to task-set reconfiguration and inhibitory control. Directed connectivity analysis revealed overlapping alpha and theta clusters, highlighting their interplay in cognitive flexibility. Directed communication in a cortical alpha band network involving fronto-temporal, temporoparietal, occipital, and precentral activity clusters was critical when preparing for task switching. We observed a bidirectional information transfer across four neuroanatomical clusters with more substantial connectivity modulations correlating with better task performance. These findings emphasize the importance of directed information transfer in a cortical alpha band activity network in supporting adaptive behavior.

Executive functioning in young delinquents: A systematic literature review.