Identification of impaired functional network of differential symptoms in depression-A meta-analysis of resting-state functional connectivity.

Changes in athletes' brain network connections during isometric muscle contractions after sleep restriction.

Brain structural and functional alterations in adolescents with borderline personality disorder: A systematic review and a research agenda.

The unity and diversity of functional brain connectivity underlying executive function tasks.

Mental cost of simple(st) physical exertion.

Functional connectivity patterns as an early indicator of later very early preterm outcomes.

Network localization of brain structural and functional abnormalities in association with rumination.

Abnormal cortical hierarchy revealed by gradient dysfunction in patients with definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Optimized and standardized transcranial magnetic stimulation of the frontoparietal depression network

The mind's eyes: Distinct neural correlates of spatial and object imagery.

Relapse is a defining feature of substance use disorders, yet relapse risk varies widely across individuals. This variability has been linked to individual differences in incentive salience attribution to drug-related cues. We used fMRI to identify cortical and subcortical circuits underlying individual differences in incentive salience attribution among people with tobacco use disorder. Fifty daily cigarette users viewed pleasant, unpleasant, cigarette-related and neutral images during task-based fMRI and completed a resting-state scan. We extracted per-condition BOLD activity from a functionally defined extended visual region (Emotional > Neutral) and applied k-means clustering (k = 2) to derive neuroaffective profiles. Whole-brain voxelwise tests assessed Group × Content (cigarette vs. pleasant) effects. We compared groups' resting-state connectivity at the network level and for subcortical-cortical pairs. Individuals were clustered based on neuroaffective reactivity to drug-related and pleasant stimuli: The C > P profile showed larger BOLD responses to cigarette cues than to pleasant stimuli, whereas the P > C profile showed the opposite pattern. Whole-brain analyses showed significant Group × Content interactions that mirrored these profiles across left dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortices and amygdala-hippocampal regions. At rest, individuals in the C > P profile showed weaker within-network connectivity of the frontoparietal control network (FPCN) and, in exploratory analyses, reduced FPCN-nucleus accumbens coupling. By replicating and extending prior psychophysiological work, this study identifies neuroaffective profiles that reflect the variation in incentive salience attribution central to neurobehavioral models of relapse. These findings provide convergent neurobiological markers that characterize distinct motivational pathways in substance use disorders.

Dissociable contributions of cold and hot executive function networks in predicting emotion regulation strategies.

Continuous Theta-Burst Stimulation Improves Long-Term Outcomes in Alcohol Use Disorder by Modulating a Craving-Related Dynamic Network.

Over the last two decades, interest in the neurobiological basis of parenthood has grown, with the primary focus being on maternal neuroplasticity. However, research on paternal brain adaptations remains limited and inconclusive. This longitudinal study investigated gray matter volume (GMV) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) changes in 25 fathers immediately after childbirth and at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 weeks postpartum. Morphological changes were most evident as reductions in GMV within the bilateral occipital, frontal, temporal and parietal cortices, as well as the temporo-parietal junction, and the insular and hippocampal regions during the first six weeks, followed by gradual stabilization. From 12 weeks onward, local GMV increases were observed in the frontal and cerebellar regions. Connectivity analysis revealed significant reorganization within the Salience, Default Mode, and Frontoparietal Networks, with peak changes during the first 9 weeks marked by a shift from sensory processing to enhanced cognitive and affective processing. Additional rsFC analysis identified increased amygdala-cingulate and amygdala-hippocampal connectivity, indicating a significant link between the amygdala and paternal attachment during the first 12 weeks. These findings outline a clear trajectory of paternal neuroplasticity and adaptation during the early postpartum period, followed by maintenance and fine-tuning processes that likely facilitate paternal caregiving behaviors. Clinical Trial Registration: The study was registered at the German Clinical Trials register (DRKS; ID: DRKS00024875).

A radiomics-based method for studying seed-based voxel-wise morphological connectivity.

Depression is associated with pathological dysregulations affecting both the brain and the body, with the latter being reflected in plasma proteins. While plasma protein signatures of depression have been increasingly recognized, a holistic examination of interactions with brain features is lacking. Leveraging data from 3,966 UK Biobank participants, we identified a multimodal neuroimaging-plasma protein component of depression (NeuroPro-Dep) by integrating plasma proteins and five brain modalities via an ICD-10 diagnosis-constrained multimodal fusion approach. Notably, NeuroPro-Dep demonstrates detectable associations with depression symptoms across datasets from diverse populations, underscoring its clinical potential. This capability is anchored in its five brain modalities alterations, including hippocampal atrophy, reduced cortical sensorimotor network functional connectivity, and impaired internetwork structural connectivity of the frontoparietal network. The multimodal neuroimaging-derived plasma protein modality of NeuroPro-Dep is enriched in metabolic pathways, as further supported by association analysis linking this modality to body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic indicators. Crucially, two-step Mendelian randomization analysis revealed that the NeuroPro-Dep plasma protein modality exerts a causal effect on depression through BMI (plasma protein to BMI: or=0.28, p=0.035; BMI to depression: or=1.14, p=4.37×10-11). Overall, this study underscores metabolic dysfunction as a bridge between brain changes, depression, and physical diseases, while providing a novel multimodal biological signature and valuable insights that may inform future treatment strategies.

Decoding stress resilience: The role of heart rate variability and cross-frequency coupling during mental arithmetic stress.

Gliomas as network diseases: Neuron-tumor interactions, connectome disruption, and clinical implications.

The world constantly changes, with the underlying state of the world shifting from one regime to another. The ability to detect a regime shift, such as the onset of a pandemic or the end of a recession, significantly impacts individual decisions, as well as governmental policies. However, determining whether a regime has changed is usually not obvious, as signals are noisy and reflective of the volatility of the environment. We designed an fMRI paradigm that examines a stylized regime-shift detection task. Human participants showed systematic overreaction and underreaction: Overreaction was most commonly seen when signals were noisy, but when environments were stable and change is possible but unlikely. By contrast, underreaction was observed when signals were precise but when environments were unstable and hence change was more likely. These behavioral signatures are consistent with the system-neglect computational hypothesis, which posits that sensitivity or lack thereof to system parameters (noise and volatility) is central to these behavioral biases. Guided by this computational framework, we found that individual subjects' sensitivity to system parameters was represented by two distinct brain networks. Whereas a frontoparietal network selectively represented individuals' sensitivity to signal noise but not environment volatility, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) showed the opposite pattern. Further, these two networks were involved in different aspects of regime-shift computations: while vmPFC correlated with subjects' beliefs about change, the frontoparietal network represented the strength of evidence in favor of regime shifts. Together, these results suggest that regime-shift detection recruits belief-updating and evidence-evaluation networks and that under- and overreactions arise from how sensitive these networks are to the system parameters.

Genetic Association Study Using GWAS and Mendelian Randomization to Central Nervous System Comorbidities Between Multisite Chronic Pain and Major Depressive Disorder.