Communication Code Research Articles

A Quasi-Cyclic LDPC Based Low Complexity and Area-Efficient Communication System for IEEE 802.11n

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) code, which has an excellent error-correcting performance that is close to the Shannon limit, is the most often used error correction code (ECC) for reliable and effective communication. Despite higher performance and lower decoding complexity, the main disadvantage of LDPC codes is their high encoding complexity. A significant problem is the VLSI implementation of the LDPC encoder and decoder. In this paper, structured LDPC codes—also known as quasi-cyclic low-density parity check codes—have been used since it is good bit error ratio (BER) performance and adaptable hardware execution characteristics. The Complete (Encoder-Channel-Decoder) communication system with a 1/2 code rate, 648 bits codeward length, and sub-block size of z = 27 has been constructed for the IEEE 802.11n wireless standard.

Association of emojis to the five basic tastes (sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami)

The increasing prevalence of computer-mediated communication has given rise to a pictogram known as emojis, offering an intuitive and informal means of conveying emojis and attitudes. This study aimed to establish a communication code linking basic tastes to emojis, as a way to facilitate the externalization of emotions. It explored how emojis correspond to basic tastes, focusing on consumers' perception of the umami taste through food emojis. An online survey involving 285 voluntvb bveers was performed. The questionnaire consisted of 42 questions, with 41 aimed at associating emojis with the five basic tastes; and one focused on associating food emojis with the umami taste. The results emphasized an inherent connection between certain emojis and basic tastes. Bitter and sour tastes were predominantly associated with emojis conveying negative feelings, while sweet and salty tastes were linked with positive emojis. Additionally, the umami taste was characterized by emojis expressing notions of something incredible, fascinating, impressive, or exciting. Respondents predominantly associated the following food emojis with the umami taste: cheese, instant noodles, bacon, popcorn, pizza, sushi, and red meat. This research delved into the connection between taste perception and emotional expression through emojis, demonstrating how these digital symbols effectively capture human taste expressions. The findings underscore a clear association between basic tastes and specific emojis, highlighting consumers' awareness of foods rich in umami taste. The results of this study indicate the potential of using non-verbal, digital and simplified communication for use in sensory analysis related to the perception of basic tastes.

Communication of News Contributor Organizations at Diskominfo Agencies of Nunukan Regency

The Communication, Informatics, Statistics and Coding Office of Nunukan Regency has the task and function of serving information and disseminating development information in Nunukan Regency. As the leading sector disseminator of information, the Department of Communication and Information and Coding cooperates with all Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD) as contributors to news and information. The information distribution channel is called SIMP4TIK. Of the 30 OPD contributors, only 14 contributors wrote on the SIMP4TIK news portal in quarters 1 and 2. Organizational communication plays an important role in the realization of organizational goals. This study aims to analyze how effective the communication of news contributor organizations in Nunukan Regency government agencies and what are the factors that influence it. The theory used is organizational communication theory. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with the object of research of the publication team consisting of team leaders, editors and OPD contributors in Nunukan Regency. The results of this research were obtained through interviews, observations, and literature studies. The results of the study found that organizational communication has not run optimally on news contributors in the Nunukan Regency Government. The triggering factors include OPD contributors having many tasks besides writing news. Another result, OPD contributors find it difficult to upload news due to lack of knowledge about technology and lack of interest in news authorship. On the editor's side, the lack of intensity of editorial meetings and communication between editors is a factor in the ineffectiveness of organizational communication.

Fashion industry in crisis: a systematic literature review 1972–2022

PurposeThis systematic literature review presents the state of the field of fashion and crisis communication. The quantitative coding offers insight into dominant and emergent themes in one of the most crisis-prone industries. This review also offers a framework for future research.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a systematic literature review approach. 205 academic articles were gathered in total using the search term “fashion industry crisis”. Subsequently, they were quantitatively coded using the Diers-Lawson (2016) Crisis Communication Code Book.FindingsFindings show an increase in the fashion industry crisis with clear emergent themes such as sustainability, emphasising the truly global and multidisciplinary nature of the industry. Findings also reveal a genuine lack of theoretical grounding, with over 80% of the articles coded using no crisis communication theory. The findings also suggest value co-creation ought to be a priority for this agenda moving forward, as it overlaps with emerging themes and is a practical tool and concept to support crisis prevention and management through an extension of the Stakeholder Relationship Model (SRM) Model.Research limitations/implicationsAs a largely under-researched area in crisis communication, the findings present a new opportunity to explore fashion within its context and contribute. At this point, the research field is lacking, and there is room for theory testing and hypothesis building. The findings and themes from the research present a development of the original SRM model, SRM Val-Co.Practical implicationsAs well as research implications, the proposed framework provides practical solutions for the future of the fashion industry.Originality/valueAs a largely under-researched area in crisis communication, the findings demonstrate a new opportunity to explore fashion within its context and contribute because there is a dearth of research and a lack of theoretical development. Therefore, the proposed framework provides practical solutions for the fashion industry’s future. The findings and themes from the research present a development of the original SRM model, SRM Val-Co.

Kefaya Ba2a as cringe comedy and the multimodal humorous stunts of the podcast’s communitas

Abstract The aim of this research is to investigate how Egyptian podcast Kefaya Ba2a (That is Enough!) is a good instance of cringe comedy that aims at critising and commenting on social issues in a sarcastic manner. This research presents an interpretive reading of the podcast as a cultural practice that leads to creating a discourse (or narrative) that provides different/alternative knowledge breaking social norms. The meanings and themes delivered through the podcast’s narratives manage to create a communication code that is shared and negotiated by the Kefaya Ba2a digi-communitas on the podcast’s Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/groups/kefayaba2a). The analytical framework of this research is based on the frame that both Kress and Van Leeuwen propose through their theory of multimodal communication (Kress, Gunther & Theo Van Leeuwen. 2001. Multimodal discourse: The modes and media of contemporary communication. Arnold Publishers). The theory suggests a four-strata-frame that focuses on different multimodal resources that contribute to meaning-making. This research investigates the different semiotic resources that all combine to create the discourse of Kefaya Ba2a which takes humour as its major tool to deliver certain messages. It also explores the effect of Kefaya Ba2a’s discourse on its audience who have the chance to respond to it on the podcast’s Facebook page. Different response patterns are demonstrated to show how Kefaya Ba2a’s discourse turns to into a user-generated content that opens the opportunity for new readings of the original discourse. In this regard, multimodality is investigated to show how audience communicates with the themes and topics the podcast tackles using multimodal resources to generate their readings.

Adaptive Combined Channel Network Coding for Cognitive Radio Networks with Cooperative Relay

Cognitive radio is one of the new technologies for 4G/5G applications, so cooperative relay communication and network coding are considered as certain methods to help improve their re-spective applications. A primary broadcast system for multimedia video streaming applications that broad¬casts data to primary users and an auxiliary cooperative relay secondary cognitive ra-dio system are considered. The secondary cooperative overlay system can use multiple error control coding methods for point-to-point data retransmission, such as channel coding, network coding, and combi¬ned coding methods to improve system performance under variable link con-ditions. A new technique of adaptive coding of AC2NC combined channel network for data re-transmission is proposed. The new AC2NC first analyzes the channel feedback information and then selects the best retransmission coding technique based on the target bandwidth or trans-mission time optimization. This is instead of using a single static channel or a network coding technique with dynamic channel conditions. The proposed AC2NC improves system through-put, reduces retransmission time, and provides more spectrum access opportunities for the sec-ondary sys¬tem's own data transmissions. AC2NC's relative throughput and time saving capabil-ities for cognitive radio users have been shown to exceed ninety percent, under certain channel conditions, compared to some static coding methods.

The new regulation of telecommunications. The single voice of the European and national decision maker

ABSTRACT The essay explores the challenges and opportunities presented by the new European electronic communications code (EU Directive 2018/19712) within the context of the European strategy for the digital market. It discusses the evolution of digital platforms, emphasizing their significance as information intermediaries. The concept of “netizenship”, or digital citizenship, and its cultural relevance in the modern era is explored. The document also highlights the importance of algorithmic transparency and the evolution of privacy in the age of Big Data. The issue of digital sovereignty is addressed, and the urgency for enhanced data protection in an increasingly connected world is underscored.

CNN and Attention-Based Joint Source Channel Coding for Semantic Communications in WSNs

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as an efficient solution for numerous real-time applications, attributable to their compactness, cost-effectiveness, and ease of deployment. The rapid advancement of 5G technology and mobile edge computing (MEC) in recent years has catalyzed the transition towards large-scale deployment of WSN devices. However, the resulting data proliferation and the dynamics of communication environments introduce new challenges for WSN communication: (1) ensuring robust communication in adverse environments and (2) effectively alleviating bandwidth pressure from massive data transmission. In response to the aforementioned challenges, this paper proposes a semantic communication solution. Specifically, considering the limited computational and storage resources of WSN devices, we propose a flexible Attention-based Adaptive Coding (AAC) module. This module integrates window and channel attention mechanisms, dynamically adjusts semantic information in response to the current channel state, and facilitates adaptation of a single model across various Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) environments. Furthermore, to validate the effectiveness of this approach, the paper introduces an end-to-end Joint Source Channel Coding (JSCC) scheme for image semantic communication, employing the AAC module. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme surpasses existing deep JSCC schemes across datasets of varying resolutions; furthermore, they validate the efficacy of the proposed AAC module, which is capable of dynamically adjusting critical information according to the current channel state. This enables the model to be trained over a range of SNRs and obtain better results.

Особености на невербалната комуникация в кандидатпрезидентски дебати в България през 2016 г

Abstract::The performance of successful non-verbal communication in political and communication campaigns is necessary. The activities in election campaigns and in the television debates in particular are to be performed in several aspects: in macro-aspect the body language and the non-verbal communication is a process of creating a successful image for the needs of politics, business and social life, and it can be improved; in micro-aspect – through non-verbal communication as a new form of social distribution and inequality. The object of analysis is a television presidential candidates’ debate which took place in 2016. The goal is non-verbal communication codes used in the television debate to be outlined. The task is to identify the convincing impact of the non-verbal signs in the presidential election campaign. The hypothesis is that non-verbal communication combines with verbal communication and is an integral part of the preparation and implementation of the televised debates, of the pre-election rhetoric and contributes to persuading the television audience and to building the image and reputation of the presidential candidates. The methods applied are: theoretical review, media monitoring, case analysis through the perspective of verbal and non-verbal means. Keywords: communication campaign, nonverbal behavior, presidential election, débat, body language.

The future EU postal regulation. What can be learnt from the telecommunication regulations

Postal and telecommunication markets are part of the network industry, regulated by specific regimes. After a long period of legal monopoly, the telecommunication market was fully liberalized before the postal one. Thus, the telecommunication regulatory framework has always been a pattern for the postal market in the EU. These two markets constantly develop in the fast-changing technological environment and shifting customer demands. The paper deals with the regulatory challenges of the EU postal market in light of the recently adopted telecommunication regulation - the EU Directive 2018/1972 establishing the European Electronic Communications Code. The directive has set new regulatory goals changing them to focus on high-speed internet connectivity and a more consumer-oriented market. The current postal regulatory framework has achieved all its goals and needs new ones to adjust the market to contemporary challenges. First, the paper critically analyzes the current EU regulatory framework in the postal market. Then, it proposes a new regulatory model considering market needs like mail-oriented universal postal service, fast-growing e-commerce, and the competition from new entrants.

The challenge of controlling an auditory BCI in the case of severe motor disability

BackgroundThe locked-in syndrome (LIS), due to a lesion in the pons, impedes communication. This situation can also be met after some severe brain injury or in advanced Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). In the most severe condition, the persons cannot communicate at all because of a complete oculomotor paralysis (Complete LIS or CLIS). This even prevents the detection of consciousness. Some studies suggest that auditory brain–computer interface (BCI) could restore a communication through a « yes–no» code.MethodsWe developed an auditory EEG-based interface which makes use of voluntary modulations of attention, to restore a yes–no communication code in non-responding persons. This binary BCI uses repeated speech sounds (alternating “yes” on the right ear and “no” on the left ear) corresponding to either frequent (short) or rare (long) stimuli. Users are instructed to pay attention to the relevant stimuli only. We tested this BCI with 18 healthy subjects, and 7 people with severe motor disability (3 “classical” persons with locked-in syndrome and 4 persons with ALS).ResultsWe report online BCI performance and offline event-related potential analysis. On average in healthy subjects, online BCI accuracy reached 86% based on 50 questions. Only one out of 18 subjects could not perform above chance level. Ten subjects had an accuracy above 90%. However, most patients could not produce online performance above chance level, except for two people with ALS who obtained 100% accuracy. We report individual event-related potentials and their modulation by attention. In addition to the classical P3b, we observed a signature of sustained attention on responses to frequent sounds, but in healthy subjects and patients with good BCI control only.ConclusionsAuditory BCI can be very well controlled by healthy subjects, but it is not a guarantee that it can be readily used by the target population of persons in LIS or CLIS. A conclusion that is supported by a few previous findings in BCI and should now trigger research to assess the reasons of such a gap in order to propose new and efficient solutions.Clinical trial registrations: No. NCT02567201 (2015) and NCT03233282 (2013).

Neural Speech Coding for Real-Time Communications Using Constant Bitrate Scalar Quantization

Neural Speech Coding for Real-Time Communications Using Constant Bitrate Scalar Quantization

A Novel Ultra-Reliable Decoder of Short Rate-Compatible Codes for Mission Critical Communications

A Novel Ultra-Reliable Decoder of Short Rate-Compatible Codes for Mission Critical Communications

Joint Source-Channel Coding for Channel-Adaptive Digital Semantic Communications

Joint Source-Channel Coding for Channel-Adaptive Digital Semantic Communications

Code-Division Space-Time Fountain Code for Plasma Sheath Communication

Code-Division Space-Time Fountain Code for Plasma Sheath Communication

A New Joint Source-Channel Coding for Short-Packet Communications

A New Joint Source-Channel Coding for Short-Packet Communications

ДИСКУРС ПРОТИВОСТОЯНИЯ В ПОЛИКОДОВЫХ ТЕКСТАХ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕДИА

The article presents the methods of communicative influence on recipients. A number of issues are considered, in which the methods of communication impact on recipients through media platforms are indicated. Polycode text in media platforms of different formats appears in the form of sensationalism, which is accompanied by a corresponding sound row and a picture. The aim of the work is to consider the communicative impact in the discourse of sensationalism of some media. Traditional and new medas enclose recipients in a communication framework (frames), thanks to which a picture of the world is formed, reflected in the media. Both traditional and new media served as materials for the consideration of the issue presented in the article. Of particular note is the polycode text presented in visual media, since such areas suggest a variety of ways to influence recipients with the help of music, frame changes, and the personality of the communicator. The methodological basis is the idea of the phenomenon of sensationalism discourse, which combines the semiotic aspect of the study of discourse. One of the important components in this kind of honey is the suggestive component, represented in the form of communication codes of a polycode text. The polycode text allows you to influence recipients and thus form their picture of the world. The discourse of modern media platforms is built on a culture of confrontation with each other, since new media touch on topics and often respond to them in a communicative way. New media appear in the form of a huge number of opinions due to the possibility of platforms in the utterance of each participant of communication, which forms a discourse of sensationalism.

Lo scontro verbale e fisico tra padre e figlio nel mondo germanico

The archetypal tale of the fight between father and son, which is variously modulated in numerous cultural areas, has its lesser-known manifestation in the Germanic traditions: it is a narrative complex which moves across centuries, bound-aries and communicative codes, taking on different – even contrasting – characteristics. A nonlinear narrative, then, but a rhizomatic one, which this essay aims to examine through some of its major attestations from the 9th to the 20th cen-tury: the Old German Lay of Hildebrand, the Gesta Danorumof the Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus, the Icelandic Ás-mundar saga kappabana and the Norwegian Þiðreks saga af Bern, the Early New High German ballad Jüngeres Hilde-brandslied with images accompanying some witnesses, and the tragedy Hildebrand und Hadubrand staged in 1944.

THE CONCEPT OF “BILINGUISM” AND ITS FEATURES IN FICTIONAL TEXTS

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of bilingualism in fiction. Bilingualism is an important sociolinguistic phenomenon that plays an important role in the profession of translator and the modern development of psycho- and sociolinguistics. Different definitions of the concept of "bilingualism" are characterized in the article; different positions in the understanding of the concept are described. Linguistic, sociolinguistic, psycholinguistic and methodical aspects of bilingualism are distinguished due to a rather broad concept. Linguistics analyzes the structure of two languages, the relationship between structural elements and their interaction and interpenetration at different levels. Sociolinguistics analyzes the role of social functions of bilingualism in the life of speakers. Psycholinguistics focuses on identifying the characteristics of linguistic categories and concepts reflected in the linguistic consciousness of bilingual people, and analyzing the features of retention, recognition and understanding of categories and concepts specific to the second language, which are absent in the linguistic consciousness of native speakers. This is where the concept of "culture shock" arises, which is extremely popular in literary texts. Depending on the listed aspects, the types and types of bilingualism are described: individual and group; official and unofficial; horizontal and vertical; pure and mixed; artificial and natural; regional and national. Special attention is paid in the article to bilingualism in the texts of the artistic genre. It is noted that language is a cultural code of intercultural communication, which in turn is a criterion of the author's nationality and the reason for bilingualism and multilingualism in artistic works. The specificity of literary conceptualization is characterized, which in turn affects the cultural integration of artistic texts and the most complete description of the linguistic picture of the world. Artistic texts simultaneously narrate, evoke memories, and describe their own reality in a constantly changing language, and thus reflect the author's artistic reality and the atmosphere he intended to convey.

Роль русского языка в формировании и продвижении традиционных ценностей России

The article considers the role of the Russian language in the formation and promotion of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values of the nation. The object of the study is the linguocultural potential of the Russian language. The subject of the study is the building of value links between language and the elements that form the model of worldview pentabasis: ‘man’, ‘family’, ‘society’, ‘state’, ‘country’. The study reveals that for a person, language acts as an instructor, giving instructions on how to choose the verbal code of communication that will be most appropriate in specifi c circumstances of communication. For the family, the native language is a guide to culture, providing a link between generations through family traditions, folklore and stories of world literature. For society, the Russian language acts as an indicator of its state, because it quickly reacts to changes and easily adapts to the new reality. For the state, the Russian language is an instrument of ‘soft’ power, contributing to strengthening the unity of the multinational Russian people and enhancing Russia’s cultural presence in the world. For the country, the native language is an effective means of civic and patriotic education for young people. The analysis of sources on the topic of the study allows us to conclude that in the context of modern globalization processes, the Russian language and the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation are subject to negative infl uence. Among the negative factors affecting the development of Russian languages are the following: the targeted penetration of English into all spheres of activity, a decline in the general level of language profi ciency, and following the global language trends. To neutralize the infl uence of negative factors on the language, an effective language policy is being developed. It is aimed at supporting the growth of interest in the native language and culture, as well as at preserving, protecting and revitalizing the languages of smallnumbered peoples of Russia. For example, the Russian-language platforms for online learning are spreading, a new trend – linguistic (language) ecology – is developing, and scientifi c centers for the preservation and revival of Russian languages are now operating.