The saturation degree of dietary fatty acids alters the phenotypes of lipoprotein subclasses and plasma metabolome in piglets.

Development of oleogels from supercritical CO2-extracted bee brood oil combined with palm oil, coconut oil, and commercial oleogelators

Functional replacement of shortening with coconut oil in mellorine: Impacts on texture, melting resistance, foam structure, and sensory quality

Optimization of liquid smoke production from coconut shell waste via slow pyrolysis in a fixed-bed reactor using FCCD-RSM

This review examines the potential role of coconut-derived nutritional supplements in influencing Parkinson's disease risk and progression by modulating oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons, mitochondrial damage, and increased oxidative stress. Nutritional approaches have garnered attention as adjunctive therapeutic strategies. The natural products of coconut, including coconut oil, coconut milk, coconut water, and coconut kernel, are rich in fatty acids, antioxidants, vitamins, and other essential minerals, which can have neuroprotective effects. Additionally, evidence suggests an inverse correlation between coconut consumption and the PD prevalence. Consequently, nutrients obtained from coconut products represent promising natural neuroprotective agents for the prevention and management of PD. Further studies ought to focus more on clinical trials to confirm the effectiveness of coconut-based supplements and explain the underlying neuroprotective effects of these supplements in the management of PD.

Effect of different sources of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids on postprandial inflammation: A double-blind randomized crossover trial.

To evaluate the effects of substituting soybean oil (SO) with soy lecithin (SL) and specialty lipid (CL) on the growth, body composition, and glucose-lipid metabolism of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The CL is a composite lipid source formulated by mixing coconut oil, linseed oil, soy lecithin oil, and palm oil in a ratio of 2:2:3:3, with the addition of antioxidants and emulsifiers as fillers. A total of six experimental groups were established: an iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic soybean oil (SO) (control group), a 1% soy lecithin supplementation group (1% SL), a 2% soy lecithin supplementation group (2% SL), a 2.5% specialty lipid supplementation group (2.5% CL), a 5% specialty lipid supplementation group (5% CL), and a 7.5% specialty lipid supplementation group (7.5% CL). After a 10-week feeding trial (initial body weight: 12.64 ± 0.02g), the results showed that final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR) in the 2.5% CL and 5% CL groups were significantly higher than those in the SO group. The 5% CL group exhibited the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) numerically, though no significant differences were observed among groups. Whole-body crude lipid content was significantly reduced in the 7.5% CL. Compared to other groups, the 5% CL and 7.5% CL showed significantly increased levels of saturated fatty acid (SFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), while PUFA levels markedly decreased. Compared to the control, the 7.5% CL showed significant decreases in plasma serum albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Regarding lipid metabolism gene expression, the 5% CL exhibited a significantly lower expression level of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (pparγ) in contrast to SO. The expression levels of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α (pparα) were significantly upregulated in the 5% CL and 7.5% CL compared to other groups. Furthermore, the carnitine palmitoyltransferase (cpt1) expression level in the 5% CL was significantly higher than in all other groups. In conclusion, CL enhanced growth performance, effectively reduced whole-body lipid deposition, improved fatty acid composition, and promoted lipid metabolism in juvenile largemouth bass, without adversely affecting liver function. Based on the comprehensive results, the recommended optimal inclusion level for specialty lipid was 5%.

This work investigates the synthesis and thermophysical properties of novel hybrid phase change materials (PCMs), containing waste coconut oil, waste pork fat, and conventional PCM, i.e., paraffin RT26. Materials were examined as standalone PCMs and as hybrid binary PCMs that could serve as potential novel materials for thermal energy storage (TES). A comprehensive description of the sample preparation is provided, along with characterization of the mixtures with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The resulting composites were assessed for physical stability, while their thermal properties, including latent heat, melting points, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, volumetric specific heat capacity, and thermal stability were examined with Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Transient Hot Wire (THW) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. Results revealed that incorporation of 20 wt% coconut oil and 20 wt% of pork fat into paraffin resulted in a decrease of its melting enthalpy by 6.54 % and 16.81 %, respectively. On the contrary, the thermal conductivity of paraffin increased by approximately 7 %, although the absolute value remained low (around 0.15 W m -1 K -1 ). The total cost per kilogram of the PCM was reduced by 9.43 % for the paraffin-based composite with 20 wt% of coconut oil, and 17.65 % for the composite with the same amount of pork fat. • Novel phase change composites made of paraffin RT26, waste coconut oil and pork fat • High enthalpy and favourable melting ranges identified for novel hybrid materials • Addition of waste oil and fat improved thermal conductivity of the paraffin • Novel phase change composites have lower cost and improved sustainability

Yarrowia lipolytica yeast is a versatile platform that can be used to produce high-value fatty acids from various feedstocks, including the underutilised kopyor coconut. This study aims to explore the differences in valuable lipid-based metabolites from different types of kopyor coconut through fermentation by Y. lipolytica. The experiment in this study used three levels of coconut oil concentration (2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%) derived from kopyor coconut waste (var. Genjah and Dalam), which was further processed to obtain oil, and variations in fermentation time (0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h). The concentration of kopyor coconut oil added to the fermentation medium influenced the growth of Y. lipolytica; higher concentrations led to greater cell biomass. After 96 hours of incubation, fatty acids are detected in the cell extract. Substrate fermentation influences the fatty acid profile of Y lipolytica. Yeast Nitrogen Base (YNB) media without coconut oil addition produced alkanes as the majority compound. Meanwhile, YNB with coconut oil addition from var. Genjah produced the usual various fatty acid profiles. The addition of coconut oil from var. Dalam to Y. lipolytica pellets resulted in the production of unusual fatty acids with complex derivation. These various free fatty acids hold promise for important applications in biodiesel, nutraceuticals, and food flavouring agents.

Periodontitis is a prevalent chronic disease commonly managed with nonsurgical therapy and adjunctive antimicrobial rinses, though their side effects can hinder long-term use. Coconut oil has emerged as a potential natural alternative due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and patient-reported outcomes of periodontal patients treated with nonsurgical therapy with or without coconut oil as an adjunctive method. Thirty participants with stage II-III periodontitis were randomly assigned to three groups: coconut oil, 0.12% chlorhexidine, and placebo (coconut-flavored water) mouth rinse for one month, followed by nonsurgical periodontal therapy. A blinded examiner assessed the plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, saliva pH, tooth color, sulfur compounds in breath, and patient-reported outcomes, including the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 before starting the use of mouth rinse (T1), one month after starting the mouth rinse (T2) and one month after nonsurgical periodontal therapy (T3). Compared with the placebo, both coconut oil and chlorhexidine significantly reduced the plaque index at T2 (p = 0.001; p = 0.006), bleeding on probing at T2 (p = 0.001; p = 0.001) and T3 (p = 0.006; p = 0.009), probing depth at T2 (p = 0.001; p = 0.001), clinical attachment level at T2 (p = 0.001; p = 0.015) and sulfur compounds at T2(p = 0.045; p = 0.003). Compared with chlorhexidine, coconut oil was more effective at decreasing clinical attachment loss at T2 (p = 0.006). At T2, chlorhexidine was associated with increased burning sensation (p = 0.03) and color changes (p < 0.001), whereas coconut oil reduced the degree of mouth dryness perception (p < 0.001). Coconut oil and chlorhexidine improved breath perception (p = 0.003; p = 0.030). Patients preferred the placebo over coconut oil or chlorhexidine (p = 0.006; p = 0.015). The quality of life significantly improved in the coconut oil group at T2 (p = 0.024). Compared with placebo, coconut oil and chlorhexidine improved periodontal parameters. However, coconut oil reduces mouth dryness and improves quality of life without the adverse effects associated with chlorhexidine. Nonetheless, participants in the placebo group reported a higher preference for the mouth rinse, suggesting that taste and mouthfeel play a crucial role in patient compliance. The study protocol was approved by the Comité de Ética de la Investigación con Medicamentos de Galicia (CEIm-G) under protocol number 2017/247, registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06049589) on September 1st 2023 and conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines. All participants provided written informed consent before enrollment.

The hypothalamus serves as a central regulator of metabolism, integrating signals pertinent to food intake and energy balance. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is widely distributed in brain, including expression in hypothalamic nuclei, which regulates feeding behavior. Chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption has adverse effects on metabolic function, affecting the hypothalamus and striatum, a reward-associated region. Virgin coconut oil (VCO), a dietary lipid rich in medium-chain triglycerides, which have been shown to modulate BDNF expression. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that chronic EtOH consumption would impair metabolic regulation and causes oxidative stress, while VCO would counteract these effects. To test this, water drinking control and EtOH drinking Wistar male rats received water as vehicle or VCO by gavage (12 days). Growth, diet and fluid consumption were recorded throughout the experiment. Hypothalamic BDNF, striatal oxidative stress, and serum metabolic markers following EtOH and VCO exposure were examined. Statistical analysis utilized t-test, two-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. Findings revealed that VCO reduced hypothalamic BDNF, decreased food and food caloric intake, and led to weight loss in EtOH exposed rats. Metabolic effects were further modulated by alterations in serum glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides, where EtOH lowered glucose and cholesterol due to reduced caloric intake, while VCO increased all three markers. Additionally, VCO restored oxidative stress markers in the striatum, potentially mitigating EtOH- induced neurotoxicity by normalizing catalase and peroxide levels. This study highlights the complex interaction between EtOH and VCO in metabolic regulation, oxidative stress, and neuroendocrine function, warranting further research to explore its potential therapeutic implications.

The roots of Cannabis sativa L., historically overlooked, are gaining attention as a potential source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. While previous studies have focused on extractions using ethanol, water, or supercritical CO2, the feasibility of edible oil-based extraction remains largely unexplored. This study evaluated the extraction of root compounds using hemp seed oil, MCT coconut oil, and grape seed oil at six temperatures (50–90 °C). Extracts were analyzed by GC–MS for compound identification and quantification, and antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay, ABTS test and β-carotene bleaching method, with results statistically evaluated by ANOVA. Friedelin was successfully extracted with all oils, with grape seed oil yielding the highest concentration (0.810 mg/g dry roots), achieving recoveries higher than those previously reported for ethanol-based extractions. All extracts demonstrated positive antioxidant activity, with grape seed oil, both alone and combined with extracts, showing higher values across the three methods. ANOVA revealed a significant effect of solvent type on both Friedelin concentration and antioxidant capacity. These results demonstrate that edible oils are effective solvents for extracting bioactive compounds from C. sativa roots, supporting their potential application in cosmetic or medicinal formulations.

Injectable contraception remains one of the most widely used family planning methods among couples of reproductive age. However, the success of this method is strongly influenced by the level of knowledge and attitudes of acceptors, which in practice are often still inadequate. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of injectable contraceptive educational videos in improving the knowledge and attitudes of injectable contraceptive acceptors at TPMB Siti Juhariyah. The study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. A total of 30 injectable contraceptive acceptors were selected as samples using purposive sampling techniques. The intervention consisted of providing an educational video on injectable contraception, followed by the assessment of participants’ knowledge and attitudes before and after the intervention using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using statistical tests to determine differences between pretest and posttest scores. The results showed a significant increase in acceptors’ knowledge, which shifted from moderate and low categories to a good category after the educational video intervention. In addition, the acceptors’ attitudes toward the use of injectable contraception also demonstrated a significant positive change. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that injectable contraceptive educational videos are effective in improving the knowledge and attitudes of acceptors. Therefore, educational videos can be utilized as a supportive counseling medium in family planning services to enhance the quality of contraceptive care in independent midwifery practices.

Medium-chain carboxylates are required in various everyday products, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and fragrances, and show a natural antimicrobial property. Furthermore, they represent food additives and serve as chemical building blocks for several other compounds. Traditionally, these carboxylates are produced from fossil resources, contributing to increased greenhouse gas emissions. Alternatively, they are derived from animal- or plant-based fat (e.g., coconut oil), which competes with agricultural land that is needed for food production. However, microbial chain elongation, which is a biotechnological approach relying on microbes, such as Clostridium kluyveri, is sustainable and a promising alternative to the conventional production of medium-chain carboxylates. Notably, it enables the use of industrial waste streams (e.g., off-gases and carbohydrate-rich industrial waste) as substrates, making the process more environmentally friendly. By applying our genetic system for C. kluyveri, a better understanding of microbial chain elongation can be achieved and potentially even enable an extension of its product portfolio.

Background: The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) produces and distributes serotonin, while the hypothalamus (HYP) uses serotonergic signals to regulate physiological processes in chickens. Coconut oil (COCO), rich in medium-chain fatty acids, is rapidly absorbed without re-esterification. Methods: Day-old broilers (Ross 708 male, n = 160) were distributed into two dietary treatments with five replicates of 16 birds each. The birds were fed a corn-soybean meal (SBM) basal diet supplemented with 3% of poultry fat (CON) or coconut oil (COCO). The body-weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded over a 3-week period, and the data were subjected to a t-test. Untargeted metabolomic analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-MS) was used to evaluate the influence of the type of dietary fat on metabolite profiles in the DRN, HYP, and plasma of broiler chickens. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify unique metabolites, and ANOVA was used to identify the metabolites that were significantly abundant (p < 0.05). The metabolites were then annotated using the KEGG and HMDB databases. Results: Birds in the COCO treatment gained more weight on average (0.8446 kg/bird) than birds in the CON group (0.8132 kg/bird; p = 0.0496). Five metabolites associated with multiple significant cellular processes, such as brain function, energy metabolism, and neurotransmission, showed similar differential expression patterns, while two metabolic pathways (butanoate metabolism and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism) were identified. Conclusions: The dietary inclusion of COCO improves BWG in poultry and enhances their overall well-being by modulating metabolite profiles, supporting neurotransmission, and enriching the metabolic pathways essential for growth and brain function.

Pineapple chips are a snack from sliced pineapples that are deep-fried and contain permitted food additives. The production activities of pineapple chip agroindustry have the potential to cause environmental impacts. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of emissions generated throughout the life cycle of pineapple chip production is necessary using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. This study aims to calculate the environmental emission potentials from the life cycle of pineapple chips, covering stages from cultivation to distribution. The research stages include goal and scope definition, inventory analysis using the mass balance method, impact assessment using the Open LCA software, and interpretation. The life cycle of the pineapple chips begins with land preparation for cultivation, including nursery, maintenance, and harvesting. The harvested pineapples are then transported to the processing facility, where they are transformed into packaged pineapple chips and distributed to souvenir centres. The results of the environmental impact assessment for a functional unit of 100 grams of pineapple chips show emissions of 7.04E-01 kg CO₂-eq for global warming potential (GWP), 2.29E-03 kg SO₂-eq for acidification potential (AP), 1.42E-02 kg PO₄-eq for eutrophication potential (EP), and 1.08E-08 kg CFC-11 eq for ozone depletion potential (ODP). The life cycle analysis reveals that the production stage is the main contributor to emissions, with eutrophication potential (EP) identified as the hotspot. To reduce the environmental burden, three improvement scenarios are proposed: substitution of chemical fertilizers with compost, conversion of gasoline to gas fuel, and replacement of palm oil with coconut oil. Keywords: environmental emissions, life cycle assessment, pineapple chips

ABSTRACT This paper analyses hair restoration products currently on the market that treat chemically processed hair. This study measured the restoration of structural integrity in hair samples from both chemically damaged hair (chemically relaxed, bleached, and chemically color‐treated) and virgin hair. Hair samples were exposed to two hair restoration products (low‐ and high‐cost), formulated with ingredients from two different price points. This analysis is essential because of the challenges in finding scientific information on treatment protocols for processes that can damage hair. The effectiveness of these treatments was evaluated by assessing the structural damage caused by the chemical processes using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated that chemical processes alter Keratin's conformation, resulting in detrimental effects on the hair fiber. The cumulative impact of these processes chemically and physically modifies the hair's structure. The findings revealed that the most effective treatment was the High Cost (HC) product, which contains coconut oil and glycerol. This treatment was particularly effective for hair that had undergone significant degradation, particularly from bleaching followed by color treatment. Remarkably, this high‐cost (HC) product produced a higher level of morphological restoration than expected, even aiding in the recovery of cuticular cells.

In this study, biosurfactant-producing bacterial isolates were screened and isolated from a hydrocarbon-rich automobile workshop, marine water, agarwood, and ayurvedic industrial waste. The efficient bacterial isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa WARP_W1 reduced surface tension to 35.21 mN/m and emulsified 64.32% of olive oil. The biosurfactant production was attempted using different oil sources, with coconut oil producing 899.69 mg/L biosurfactant, which is 35.8% more than olive oil. Logistic kinetic models accurately predicted microbial growth rate (R2 > 0.975) and biosurfactant production rate at 0.348h−1 and 0.201h−1, respectively. These data suggest that coconut oil could be a suitable substrate for biosurfactant. The physicochemical properties were also found to be efficient, with a low critical micelle concentration of 110.60 mg/L and a lowered surface tension of 26.99 mN/m in coconut oil. FTIR and NMR spectroscopy confirmed the glycolipid in the produced biosurfactant by showing rhamnolipid-like structural features. P. aeruginosa WARP_W1 is ideal for large-scale biosurfactant production because of its versatile utilization of carbon sources. This study provides the growth and product kinetic information on the substrate-specific production of biosurfactants.

Abstract: Lip skin is one of the most delicate and sensitive parts of the human body due to the absence of sweat glands and a very thin stratum corneum layer. Continuous exposure to environmental factors such as sunlight, wind, pollution, and dehydration leads to dryness, cracking, pigmentation, and premature aging of lips. Synthetic lip care products may cause irritation or allergic reactions upon prolonged use. Therefore, herbal cosmetic formulations have gained significant attention due to their safety, effectiveness, and minimal side effects. Guava leaves (Psidium guajava) are rich in bioactive compounds and antioxidants that exhibit antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and healing properties. The present study focuses on the preparation and evaluation of a herbal lip balm containing guava leaf extract. The formulation was prepared using natural ingredients such as beeswax, cocoa butter, shea butter, coconut oil, and vitamin E by the fusion method, while the extract was obtained using the maceration process. The prepared formulations were evaluated for parameters such as color, odor, pH, melting point, spreadability, stability, and irritation test. The results indicated that the formulations possessed good physical properties, stability, and no irritation, confirming their suitability for lip care application. Keywords: Herbal lip balm, Psidium guajava, phytoconstituents, natural cosmetics.

Spiritual education in Indonesia, including in Lombok, occurs not only within formal settings such as schools but also becomes internalised within local cultural traditions. One such tradition is Bejeleng within the Sasak Muslim community in Lombok. Bejeleng is a sacred tradition of coconut oil production imbued with spiritual, social, and moral values, which have been passed down through generations. This study adopts a descriptive ethnographic method over a period of two years (2023–2024) with a participatory observation approach, in-depth interviews with 10 key informants consisting of religious leaders, organisers of the tradition’s events, and participants, as well as visual and audio documentation at Pondok Pesantren Thohir Yasin, East Lombok. The research identifies seven main dimensions of spiritual education: worship and purity within ritual processes, reinforcement of collective belief, cross-generational involvement in spiritual activities, the social and medical function of oil as a medium of learning, discipline and perseverance in ritual practice, belief in spiritual power, and the transmission of spiritual values across generations. These seven dimensions form three conceptual pillars of spiritual education: religious transcendence, collective socialisation, and the transfer of knowledge and character. The Bejeleng tradition serves as an effective social learning space for internalising spiritual values and organically building community solidarity. This finding enriches the understanding of non-formal Islamic education rooted in local culture by emphasising social interaction and collective practice as the primary media for spiritual learning. The study also suggests the development of an adaptive, inclusive Islamic education model that is rooted in local socio-cultural contexts. The limitations of this research include its focus on a local community and context-specific qualitative data; therefore, further studies with a comparative approach and quantitative methods are recommended to expand the validity of the findings and geographical coverage.