Carmine Research Articles

Clinical application of magnifying colonoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal benign neoplastic lesions

To evaluate the clinical value of magnifying endoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal benign neoplastic lesions. Seventy-eight colorectal lesions in 61 patients were examined with magnifying colonoscopy after indigo carmine dyeingìand pit pattern diagnosis was made for every lesion according to Kudos classification to differentiate neoplastic lesions from non-neoplastic lesions. The lesions were resected by endoscopic polypectomy and mucosectomy or surgical treatment. The diagnoses made by magnifying colonoscopy were compared with pathologic results. The diagnostic sensitivity of magnifying endoscopy for neoplastic lesions was 98.4% and specificity was 85.7%. The overall accuracy for adenoma and early colorectal cancer was 96.2%. 89.7% of adenomatous lesions were treated by endoscopic resection. The magnifying colonoscopy can provide instantaneous and accurate diagnosis of neoplastic lesions in colon and rectum,as well as minimally invasive treatment.

SERS studies of synthetic structural analogues of the dye indigo

Indigo [1] and structurally related dye molecules e.g. indigo carmine [2] are of significant contemporary commercial and intrinsic scientific interest. In an attempt to gain a more detailed understanding of both the chemical and vibrational spectroscopic properties of the aforementioned dye molecules eleven structurally related compounds have been synthesised (examples of the synthetic molecules are shown in Fig. 1) and their SERS profiles obtained using a silver sol [3] as the SERS substrate.

Another Pivotal Study of Chromoendoscopy and Colonoscopy

Limitations in study design have impeded understanding of the importance of chromoendoscopy for detecting flat adenomas. In this pivotal, randomized study of pan-colonic chromoscopic colonoscopy for detection of flat colorectal lesions, investigators controlled for extubation time and lavage effect. Researchers randomized 260 consecutive colonoscopy patients to either pan-chromoscopy with 0.5% indigo carmine spraying (maximum amount, 150 mL) or targeted colonoscopy with an equal …

Synthesis and analysis of the dye indigo carmine from indigo using SERRS

Synthesis and analysis of the dye indigo carmine from indigo using SERRS

Total Colonic Chromoscopy Increases Detection of Small Adenomas During Colonoscopy

The question of whether chromoscopy (dye spraying) should be used routinely during colonoscopy to enhance detection of adenomas, particularly flat adenomas, is one of the most important technical issues in colonoscopy. Researchers in Britain randomized 259 patients to undergo either colonoscopy with total colonic chromoscopy (using 0.1% indigo carmine applied via a wash catheter) or routine colonoscopy. Median extubation time from the cecum was significantly longer in the dye-spray group than in the control group (9:05 vs. …

Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in North America: A Workshop of Assessment and Planning

The cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum Berg (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), has been an important biological control agent of introduced and weedy prickly pear cacti (Opuntia spp., Cactaceae) in many parts of the world. Cactoblastis, a native of Argentina, was introduced into the Caribbean in 1957 to control weedy, but native species of prickly pear infesting rangeland. It has spread through the Caribbean and in 1989 was first found in Florida. It has now spread as far north as coastal Georgia. There is a continuous distribution of acceptable host species of Opuntia from southern Florida across the southern United States to the Pacific Coast. Mexico is a center of endemism and has many species of Opuntia. Prickly pear cacti constitute a highly important and uniquely desert-adapted subsistence food and cash crop in Mexico. Prickly pears have other valuable uses, such as in the production of cochineal dye and in desert landscaping. Because Cactoblastis readily attacks many novel hosts within Opuntia, it will likely have serious impacts on the ecology of desert environments and on the agricultural and horticultural uses of prickly pears. Further, if Cactoblastis does result in significant damage, it is likely to serve as another source of criticism of classical biological control. Cactoblastis cactorum in North America, A Workshop of Assessment and Planning, was held in Tampa, Florida in September 2000. Major subject areas covered include the biology and economic importance of Opuntia, the biology, biological control history, and current status of Cactoblastis, and potential methods of controlling Cactoblastis in North America. This paper summarizes findings of the workshop and provides an introduction to the workshop proceedings.

Fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy: a unique tool for the investigation of Japanese paintings

Ultraviolet-visible reflectance spectroscopy is a rapid and accurate technique for the investigation of painted surfaces. The use of a high efficiency beveled-tip fiber optic probe and a pulsed xenon source gives improved detection efficiency and minimizes the interference from ambient light, eliminating the need to shield the analyzed area and allowing non-contact, non-invasive analysis. Thin washes of organic colorants, often impossible to sample, are ideally suited to this kind of analysis. This study describes the in situ identification of indigo, Prussian blue and a red insect dye (cochineal carmine or lac dye) in two paintings by Katsushika Hokusai.

The ultrastructure of hemocytes inDactylopius confusus (Cockerell), and the role of granulocytes in the synthesis of cochineal dye

The ultrastructural study of free circulating hemocytes in the adult cochineal scale,Dactylopius confusus (Cockerell), demonstrated five cell types: prohemocytes, typical granulocytes (T-granulocytes), oenocytoids, plasmatocytes, and granulocytes with modified sub-cellular structure to perform a special synthetic and secretory function, which we refer to as “modified granulocytes” (M-granulocytes). Prohemocytes showed undifferentiated sub-cellular structure of the basic stem cell type (i.e., high cytoplasmic density with numerous ribosomes, centrally located large nucleus with a distinct nucleolus, and poorly developed endoplasmic reticulum). The commonly observed typical granulocytes (T-granulocytes) had several smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) with dilated cisternae and many SER-derived membrane bounded granules of different sizes and electron density. Oenocytoids were identified by the presence of many crystals, RER-originated fine secretory granules, and an eccentric nucleus. Plasmatocytes were easily characterized by their variable shapes and irregular outline with pseudopodia-like cytoplasmic extensions, possession of an elongated lobed nucleus, multivesicular bodies, RER-derived membrane bounded, electron-dense, lysosomelike vacuoles, well-developed SER cisternae, and numerous pinocytic and SER-originated vesicles of different sizes along the peripheral region. M-granulocytes comprised the largest proportion of hemocytes in all samples observed. M-granulocytes were distinguished not only by the presence of membrane bounded granules of different sizes and electron density, but by the possession of large nuclei with distinct nucleoli, many mitochondria, and a highly developed network of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). M-granulocytes had abundant, rosette-shaped, RER-derived chains of fine secretory granules, which accumulated in the cytoplasm and vacuoles, and were ultimately deposited into the hemolymph by exocytosis. These fine granules gave a positive result with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) test. Based on RER-synthesized fine secretory granules (M-granulocytes), their ultimate deposition into hemolymph, the red pigmentation of hemolymph, positive PAS histochemical test of these granules, and the high population of these hemocytes, no such cell type has been described in previous studies in insects. The sub-cellular structure of the granulocyte in this insect has been modified to perform a special synthetic and secretory function (i.e., possibly the synthesis of the red pigment found in hemolymph, which has been the source of commercially important cochineal dye).

A LIFE NOT MY OWN: the meaning behind

What does feminism mean for a young, black South African woman? CARMINE RUSTIN shares her views on feminism and the challenges, constraints and opportunities it poses in her professional, personal and political spheres

Prickly Pear Menace in Eastern Australia 1880-1940

Prickly Pear Menace in Eastern Australia 1880-1940

Skippers and Butterflies of Crimson Lake Provincial Park, Alberta

Skippers and Butterflies of Crimson Lake Provincial Park, Alberta

“Pink” diarrhoea

Sorbitol was the sole cause of protracted diarrhoea in seven children seen in two paediatric-gastroenterology outpatient departments. The sorbitol had been administered in the form of a vitamin C supplement in all seven children. Pink staining of napkins was a prominent feature in five of these seven patients, and was attributed to the cochineal dye contained in the vitamin C supplement. In children with chronic or intermittent watery diarrhoea, a careful dietary history should be obtained. If sorbitol ingestion is documented, a trial of sorbitol exclusion is recommended before embarking on extensive investigations.

Red Cochineal Dye (Carminic Acid): Its Role in Nature

Carminic acid, the well-known red dyestuff from cochineal insects (Dactylopius spp.), is a potent feeding deterrent to ants. This deterrency may be indicative of the natural function of the compound, which may have evolved in cochineals as a chemical weapon against predation. The behavior of an unusual predator is described-the carnivorous caterpillar of a pyralid moth (Laetilia coccidivora)-which is undeterred by carminic acid and feeds on cochineals. The animal has the remarkable habit of utilizing the ingested carminic acid for defensive purposes of its own.

The Russell and Abney Report on the Action of Light on Water Colours

In 1888 Russell and Abney published the results of a series of experiments on the influence of light on watercolours. Samples were exposed on Whatman Paper tomixed sunlight and daylight equivalent at least to 480 years of exposure to daylight in exhibition galleries. The following is a list of pigments in order of stability commencing with the lease stable: carmine, crimson lake, purple madder, scarlet lake, Payne's grey, naples yellow, olive green, indigo, brown madder, gamboge, Vandyke brown, brown pink, Indian yellow, cadmium yellow, Leitch's blue, violet carmine, purple carmine, sepia, aureolin, rose madder, permanent blue, Antwerp blue, madder lake, vermilion, emerald green, burnt umber. Pigments which did not show any change after exposure are the following: yellow ochre, Indian red, burnt sienna, chrome yellow, lemon yellow, raw sienna, terre verte, chromium oxide, Prussian blue, cobalt, French blue, ultramarine ash. After exposure to dry air, to wet air, to hydrogen, under vacuum, under coloured glass etc, Russell and Abney came to the following conclusions, among others, that the presence of humidity and oxygen is, in general, essential for fading. The blue and near violet end of the spectrum produce the most important changes. The article ends by giving some of the consequences of the report.

THE ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FLORAL ORGANS OF BUGINVILLAEA GLABRA

American Journal of BotanyVolume 19, Issue 10 p. 814-822 Article THE ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FLORAL ORGANS OF BUGINVILLAEA GLABRA D. C. Cooper, D. C. Cooper Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WisconsinSearch for more papers by this author D. C. Cooper, D. C. Cooper Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WisconsinSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 December 1932 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1932.tb08863.xCitations: 6AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume19, Issue10December 1932Pages 814-822 RelatedInformation

The History of Staining Cochineal Dyes

Of the dyes used in early histological work, none was so highly prized as carmin. Even today biologists would be loath to part with it. It is still valuable to the histologist and embryologist as a bulk stain of great permanency, and for the preparation of in toto mounts. To the cytologist, also, it is invaluable as a medium for the rapid staining and examination of chromosomes in fresh material. Its permanence has always been a great advantage. To the early histologists, however, it was the dye, par excellence.

The Remarkable Sunsets

THE remarkable red sunsets and after-glows, about which so much has been written of late, still continue here, but in a less intense form. A remarkable one occurred last night, and while watching it I determined to send you a brief account of my experiences in the matter. It is of little use going into descriptions of the appearances which are now well known, but the one which occurred last evening was unusually fine. It was a stormy wild evening, with black clouds all around, except in the west, where, from about 10° above the horizon to near the zenith, it was quite clear, and of a pale orange glow. A quarter of an hour after sunset three immense rays through rifts in the cloud bank sprang up almost suddenly, and took quite an intense crimson lake colour, which lasted about ten minutes.

On the adulteration of carmine

On the adulteration of carmine