Coated Urea Fertilizer Research Articles

Environmental Impact for Applications of Neem Cake Coated Urea and Nano Iron Foliar on Rationalization of Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizers and Wheat Yield

Slow release fertilizer has become a new trend for saving chemical fertilizer consumption and to minimize environmental pollution. This study was aimed to use neem cake as a natural material for coating urea for improving fertilizer efficiency and reduce N-losses. Also to investigate the application of neem cake coated urea with or without foliar nano iron on wheat productivity. Neem cake coated urea and nano iron were prepared. Two experiments (incubation and field) were carried out. Incubation experiment was conducted using soil samples to study the efficiency of the use neem cake coated urea on NH4+ release under conditions of saturated and field capacity for nine weeks. A field experiments was carried out to study the effect of neem coated urea with or without nano iron as foliar spray on N-use efficiency, wheat yield, components and nitrate leaching. The results of incubation experiment showed that, the release of NH4+ was thehighest under saturated conditions as compared with field capacity. The release of NH4+ from neem coated urea was slow for a long period of time compared to uncoated urea. The data of the field experiment showed that the application of neem coated urea fertilizers led to a lower concentration of nitrate in drainage water. A highest increase in the grain yield of wheat was recorded by application of neem coated urea fertilizers with foliar nano iron compared to uncoated urea as a control. Results illustrated that controlled released urea fertilizer improved yield by 24% and enhanced N uptake up to 77% as compared to uncoated urea as control treatment. Applied of neem coated urea and nano iron foliar has increased nitrogen uptake and recovery efficiency of wheat. From the results obtained, it could be concluded that, the possibility of using neem coated urea as well as foliar spraying with nano iron for rationalize the use of nitrogen chemical fertilizers, thereby reducing the pollution as well as reducing the costs of agricultural production.

English

English

パン用コムギ品種「せときらら」における被覆尿素肥料の穂肥同時施用による子実タンパク質含有率の向上

子実タンパク質含有率の向上のために開花期追肥が重要であるパン用コムギ「せときらら」について，穂肥と同時に被覆尿素肥料を追肥することで開花期追肥を省略できるかどうかを検討した．試験は山口県農林総合技術センター内の水田転換畑で 2013/2014 年と 2014/2015 年の 2 か年について行った．硫安を用いて穂肥と開花期追肥を行った区 （分施区） と穂肥と同時に被覆尿素を施用して開花期追肥を省略した区 （被覆尿素区） を比較した．その結果，被覆尿素区では分施区と比べて収量が増加して子実タンパク質含有率は低下した．収量と子実タンパク質含有率には負の相関関係が認められた．被覆尿素区で子実タンパク質含有率が低下したのは，被覆尿素肥料を施用してから開花期までに施用窒素量の 19～60％が溶出することで「せときらら」の穂数が増加して収量が高まることに加えて，子実タンパク質含有率向上に有効とされる開花期の溶出量が少ないためであると考えられた．また，シグモイド型被覆尿素肥料を窒素成分で分施の 2 倍施用すると，子実タンパク質含有率は分施区にはおよばなかったが被覆尿素を窒素成分で分施と同量与えた場合よりも高くなった．以上のことから，施用窒素量が同水準の場合，被覆尿素肥料の穂肥同時施用は硫安表面施用による分施と比べて子実タンパク質含有率が低くなること，被覆尿素肥料の施用窒素量を増やすことで子実タンパク質含有率を向上させられる可能性があることが明らかとなった．

A novel urea coated with pine oleoresin for enhancing yield and nitrogen uptake by maize crop

ABSTRACTA study was conducted with maize in Vertisol, Inceptisol, Alfisol and Aridisol to evaluate the efficacy of the pine oleoresin coated urea fertilizers (coated with 1.25, 2.50, 3.75 and 5.00% pine oleoresin). Significant increase in biomass yield was observed in all the soils when urea was coated with pine oleoresin at 3.75% or more. All the pine oleoresin coated urea in Inceptisol and Aridisol; and 3.75% and 5% pine oleoresin coated urea in Vertisol and Alfisol significantly increased nitrogen (N) uptake as compared to uncoated urea. Nitrogen use efficiency increased from 19.34% to 32.80% in Vertisol, 13.06% to 28.27% in Alfisol, 13.87% to 23.86% in Inceptisol and 10.68% to 20.23% in Aridisol, as a result of coating urea with pine oleoresin. Thus the results indicate that there is a beneficial effect of coating urea with pine oleoresin with respect to yield, N uptake and use efficiency in maize crop.

Improving grain yield and reducing N loss using polymer-coated urea in southeast China

The efficiency of classical mineral NPK fertilizers is usually low because a major part of these fertilizers does not reach plant roots and ends up polluting groundwaters with nitrates and phosphates. Recently, a novel polymer-coated urea made from recycled plastics was proposed to enhance N availability in cereal production. To evaluate the efficiency of this polymer for rice production, we set up field plots, microplots, and pot experiments with 15N tracing. We compared rice yield, N uptake, and N loss between conventional three split applications of urea and a single basal application of four derivatives from the polymer-coated urea. The four derivatives included a blend with 70 % of N from 6 % (w/w) coated urea and 30 % from urea and three coated urea fertilizers with 6, 8, and 12 % coating at an identical N application rate during two rice-growing seasons. Results show that 6 % coated urea improved 15N recovery, reduced 15N loss, and increased grain yield slightly due to an initial 15N burst occurring at high field temperatures after basal fertilization; 8 or 12 % coated urea better met plant N demand from transplanting to heading, greatly enhanced 15N recovery, and decreased 15N loss and NH3 volatilization. Nevertheless, unlike a significant increase of yield for 12 % coated urea, 8 % coated urea did not increase yield due to 15N release and excessive 15N uptake by plants at ripening. Overall, our findings show that a single basal polymer-coated urea application improves N use efficiency and reduces N loss in rice agroecosystem.

Fertilizer Management, Parent Material, and Stand Age Influence Forest Soil Greenhouse Gas Fluxes

Impacts of forest management on greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes have not been well documented. Therefore, we examined GHG fluxes from Pacific Northwest Douglas‐fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirb.) Franco] forest soils as affected by fertilizer type (no fertilizer or 224 kg N ha−1as either urea or coated urea fertilizer [CUF]), stand age (younger vs. older), and parent material (sedimentary vs. volcanic). Following spring fertilization, soil GHG fluxes were measured for four seasons. Daily N2O (0.17 mg N2O‐N m−2d−1) and CO2(2.32 g CO2–C m−2d−1) emissions increased with urea application compared with the control (N2O: 0.09 mg N2O‐N m−2d−1; CO2: 1.87 g CO2–C m−2d−1); however, CUF did not. Daily CH4uptake was inhibited with both urea (0.95 mg CH4–C m−2d−1) and CUF (0.91 mg CH4–C m−2d−1) compared with the control (1.12 mg CH4–C m−2d−1). Nitrous oxide fluxes and CH4uptake were greater in older stands. Sedimentary parent material emitted more N2O and inhibited CH4uptake relative to volcanic parent material. Urea increased annual N2O flux by 0.48 kg N2O‐N ha−1yr−1and CO2flux by 1.6 Mg CO2–C ha−1yr−1and decreased CH4uptake by 0.7 kg CH4–C ha−1yr−1. The global‐warming potential (GWP) after urea and CUF application was 1.7 and 1.1 Mg CO2equivalent ha−1yr−1, respectively, greater than the unfertilized control for the first year after fertilization. Nitrogen fertilization had little or no effect on GWP when considered the added growth benefit from fertilization.

Evaluation of neem bark coated urea for slow release of nitrogen

The neem bark powder coated urea fertilizer samples were prepared by adapting the spray technique and characterized by using FT-IR and SEM studies. Incubation study was carried out to study the Nitrogen-release pattern with the help of Micro kjeldahl method. SEM studies revealed the presence of Neem bark powder coating on urea. The increase in percentage of coating showed a slow nitrogen-release pattern holding the promise for further studies in this line.

Controls of Volatile Ammonia Losses from Loblolly Pine Plantations Fertilized with Urea in the Southeast USA

Ammonia volatilization losses from surface applied urea could reduce the N‐use efficiency in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations. Three field studies were conducted to assess the effectiveness of two urea formulations: coated‐urea fertilizer (CUF) and the urease inhibitor N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide‐treated urea (NBPT) at reducing ammonia (NH3) losses in loblolly pine plantations under different forest floor moisture (dry vs. wet), substrate (forest floor vs. mineral soil), and site/soil type conditions (Piedmont vs. Coastal Plain). An additional laboratory study under controlled environmental conditions helped validate the results from the field. Ammonia volatilization losses were influenced more by the initial forest floor moisture than by the fertilizer formulations and were 43% lower when the fertilizer treatments were applied directly on the forest floor than on the exposed mineral soil. The average NH3 losses, expressed as a percentage of applied N, in the Piedmont ranged from 1 to 9%, and from 7 to 16%, 7 and 30 d after fertilization, respectively. At Day 7, both CUF and NBPT reduced NH3 losses, as compared with untreated urea, by 39 and 80%, respectively. In the Coastal Plain, NH3 losses ranged from 7 to 17%, 7 d after fertilization. Both CUF and NBPT reduced NH3 losses, as compared with untreated urea, by 35 and 25%, respectively. This difference in treatment ranking between sites suggests a fertilizer by site/soil type interaction which the laboratory study confirmed. These results highlight the importance of knowing the environmental and site conditions before fertilization and can help decide where and when these formulations might be used more effectively.

Nitrogen Release from Coated Urea Fertilizers in Different Soils

The nitrogen (N) release from coated urea fertilizers (Arborite and ESN), traditional N fertilizers [urea, (NH2)2CO], and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) [(NH2)2CO, NH4NO3] in three North Carolina (USA) soils was measured throughout a 12-week laboratory incubation. Treatments were N source and moisture level (60% and 80% of field capacity). In both the Candor and Cecil soils, 40% of the Arborite N had released by day 2 after addition to the soil. Maximum Arborite N release was achieved by week 6 for both soils. The ESN N release began between weeks 1 and 2, and maximum release was attained by week 6 for the Candor and by week 8 for the Cecil soil. The ESN reached 70% release on Portsmouth by week 8 and Arborite had an immediate release. Field studies of these coated ureas would be needed to determine if they are economically viable over more traditional N fertilizers in North Carolina.

Effect of sigmoidal releasing-type coated urea fertilizer and ridge tillage on nitrogen accumulation and rate of side-wrinkled seeds in soybean cultivated in rotated paddy fields under poor drainage conditions

Effect of sigmoidal releasing-type coated urea fertilizer and ridge tillage on nitrogen accumulation and rate of side-wrinkled seeds in soybean cultivated in rotated paddy fields under poor drainage conditions

Abstracts of Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi

Abstracts of Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi

A method of selecting sigmoid releasing-types of coated urea fertilizer that considers the sensitivity to temperature of rice plant

A method of selecting sigmoid releasing-types of coated urea fertilizer that considers the sensitivity to temperature of rice plant

Seasonal soil and foliage nutrient dynamics of a juvenile loblolly pine plantation: Impacts of fertilizer formulation and vegetation suppression

Understanding soil and foliage nutrient dynamics can enhance effectiveness and sustainability of forest nutrition improvement practices. Monthly soil and foliage nutrient concentrations were measured in a juvenile loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) plantation in southeastern Oklahoma, USA, in response to: untreated control, herbaceous vegetation suppression (VS), urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP), urea and DAP with VS, and coated urea fertilizer (CUF) with VS. Fertilization treatments persistently increased soil NO 3 − and foliage N concentrations. All fertilization treatments also reduced foliage P:N and K:N ratios below optimum levels, suggesting that the fertilizer treatments used in this study (which are conventionally applied to mid-rotation loblolly pine plantations of the region) did not adequately match the nutrient demands of this juvenile plantation. Herbaceous vegetation suppression prolonged soil and foliage N increases, prolonged declines in P:N ratios, and increased foliage B and P concentrations in the second year of the study. Fertilizer formulations yielded similar foliage and soil N and P concentrations.

Preparation of acrylic resin coated urea fertilizers and their controlled effects

Preparation of acrylic resin coated urea fertilizers and their controlled effects

Single Fall Applications of Coated Urea Fertilizers Produce a High Quality Kentucky Bluegrass Turf

Single Fall Applications of Coated Urea Fertilizers Produce a High Quality Kentucky Bluegrass Turf

Effect of placement of urea and coated urea fertilizers on yield and quality of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seeds

The objective of the present study was to record the seed yield and to examine visually the quality of soybean seeds cultivated under different types and placements of urea fertilizers. In addition to the conventional fertilizer application (including ammonium sulfate 16 kg N ha-1 broadcasting (100 kg N ha-1 of urea (0B) and X00-d type coated urea CU-100 (CUB), and deep placement (100 kg N ha-1) of urea (UD) and 100-d type coated urea CU-100 (CUD) was conducted in separate plots in a paddy field converted to an upland field located at Shindori Experimental Station of Niigata University. Soybean plant growth was periodically analyzed and the quality of harvested seeds was also visually examined (hereafter referred to as “visual quality”). It was found that the deep placement treatments were more conducive 1o nitrogen (N2)fixation, based on the relative mreide N concentration in the xylem sap, which is a good indicator of N~fixation by soybean. Also the total seed yield was the highest in CUD (82 g plant-1) and 0D (81 g plant-1), compared to the control (62 g plant-1), UB (68 g plant-1), and CUB (68 g plant-1). The visual quality of harvested seeds showed that CUD enhanced the quality of seeds compared to the other treatments, in which the percentage of good quality seeds, hereafter referred to as "good seeds," based on the dry weight was 51 (control), 65 (K3B), 61 (CUB), 61 (0D), and 6696 (CUD). In terms of diseased seeds, the percentage of turtle wrinkle and broken seed coats was found to decrease by N application compared to the control. Thus, it is suggested that N fertilization management is important for maximum yield of soybean as well as for the enhancement of seed quality.

Effect of Coated Urea Fertilizer Applied in Nursery Box on Nitrogen Concentration and Inspection Grade of Brown Rice in Cultivar Koshihikari

Effect of Coated Urea Fertilizer Applied in Nursery Box on Nitrogen Concentration and Inspection Grade of Brown Rice in Cultivar Koshihikari

Effects of the Sigmoidal Releasing-Types of Coated Urea Fertilizer on Soybean Cultivation

Effects of the Sigmoidal Releasing-Types of Coated Urea Fertilizer on Soybean Cultivation

Cultivation by the Single Basal Nursery Fertilization for Rice in Hachirogata Reclaimed Land. - Comparison between coated urea fertilizer of 60 days type and 100 days type -

Cultivation by the Single Basal Nursery Fertilization for Rice in Hachirogata Reclaimed Land. - Comparison between coated urea fertilizer of 60 days type and 100 days type -

Development of Deep Placement Technique of Coated Urea Fertilizer on Soybean Plants in an Upland Field Converted from Paddy Field

Development of Deep Placement Technique of Coated Urea Fertilizer on Soybean Plants in an Upland Field Converted from Paddy Field