Coastal Jiangsu Research Articles

Analysis and Effect Evaluation of Offshore Wind Power Output Characteristics Based on Gaussian Mixed Clustering

China's offshore wind power (OWP) has become an important part of China's energy strategy and marine strategy, so studying the output characteristic curve of offshore wind power is of great significance for the development of offshore wind power. In this paper, a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) based on QAIC (Quasi-AIC, Akaike Information Criterion) was proposed. The original output curve of offshore wind power was classified and the characteristic curve was extracted. The characteristic curve of offshore wind power which can reflect the characteristics of different wind areas is obtained. At last, taking the actual wind power in Coastal Jiangsu Province as the research object, the results of this clustering model and the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) based on BIC (Bayesian Information Criterion) are compared via the CH score (Calinski Harabasz Score) to evaluate the effect of this clustering model for the intention of verifying the effectiveness of the method in this paper.

Spatiotemporal differences in pond evolution under different regional development patterns: A remote sensing-based perspective

Observations of pond evolution are not currently integrated with regional development patterns, thereby limiting effective agricultural design and water management. This study divided Jiangsu Province into four sub-regions based on patterns in economic development, urbanization, and industrial structure: Southern Jiangsu, Central Jiangsu, Northern Jiangsu, and Coastal Jiangsu. A comparison of pond evolution among four-regions through landscape characteristics and spatial heterogeneity analysis revealed the spatial and temporal dynamics of ponds and the driving mechanisms. The results show that: (1) Ponds in Jiangsu Province generally showed a continuous increase in area. The proportion of total area occupied by ponds continued to increase from 3.02% in 1990 to 5.56% in 2020, expanding by an area of ∼2721.81 km2 (2) There were similarities in the evolution of ponds under different development patterns. Ponds across all sub-regions showed continuous expansion, large-scale development, and boundary simplification, which could be attributed to developmental and environmental demands in combination with a series of macroscopic policies. (3) Pond evolution under different development patterns also showed some differences, mainly in four pond characteristics, namely distribution, area, landscape, and conversion. This study revealed the evolution of ponds under different human activities and development patterns, and provided valuable references for rational regional planning.

Chemical blast kills dozens in China

An explosion at a plant producing chemical intermediates killed at least 78 people and sent hundreds to the hospital in the city of Yancheng in China’s coastal Jiangsu province. The tragedy occurred on March 21, less than four months after a blast outside a chemical plant owned by state-run ChemChina in the northern Chinese province of Hebei killed 23 people. The latest accident took place 250 km northwest of Shanghai at Jiangsu Tianjiaji Chemical, a company that, according to statements from the government of Yancheng, mostly produced m-hydroxybenzoic acid and anisole. In business since 2007, the firm has 195 employees, according to official statements. The response to the explosion was a massive effort involving 192 fire engines drawn from 12 different jurisdictions. Yancheng city officials say they conducted environmental tests after the blast to check for water and air contamination. The explosion marks another setback in China’s effort to improve

Acid rain in Jiangsu province, eastern China: Tempo-spatial variations features and analysis

Acid rain is a serious environmental problem in China, caused by the urbanization and industrialization. We used recent acid rain and urban pollutant emissions data from the eastern coastal Jiangsu province to analyze the spatial distribution of acid rain. Further, we analyzed the regional air pollution data of the commission discharge atmospheric research database (EDGAR) regional air pollution data and developed a back-trajectory model for the cluster analysis of the air mass transfer characteristics of acid rain. The results show that from 2007 to 2013 the precipitation pH were high in northern and low in southern parts of Jiangsu Province. The average precipitation pH in the northwest and northeast parts were higher than 5.6; the frequency of acid rain in the area south of the Huaihe River accounted for more than 50% of total rainfall samples. Precipitation conductive in the northwest and southwest was greater than 60 μs/cm. The SO2, NOX, and PM10 were lower in the northern part and higher in the southern part. The northern part has higher pH and lower emission of precursors. One likely source for high ammonium and calcium concentration is local soil. From the northwest air mass, the acid rain appeared to have the highest average pH and the air mass from the southwest had the highest percentage of acid rain. The local emission (SO2, NOX, and Dust) reduction from 2005 led the haze and the acid rain problems mitigated to a good trend. The haze day increase and acid rain decrease due to the NH4+, and Ca2+ increase, and the long-distance transmission and the alkaline pollutant played an important role in Jiangsu' acid rain problem and haze since 2009.

Anthropogenic Black Carbon Emission Increase during the Last 150 Years at Coastal Jiangsu, China.

Black carbon (BC) is one of the major drivers of climate change and a useful indicator of environmental pollution from industrialization, and thus it is essential to reconstruct the historical trend in BC flux to better understand its impact. The Yancheng coastal wetland reserve in Jiangsu province is an area sensitive to global sea level change and is also located in the most developed as well as most polluted region of China. We investigated the concentration and historical flux of BC over the past 150 years through geochemical analysis of two 210Pb-dated sediment cores from Yancheng coastal wetland. Measured BC contents ranged from 0.24 mg g-1 to 1.41 mg g-1 with average values of 0.51mg g-1-0.69 mg g-1, and BC fluxes ranged from 0.69 g m-2 yr-1 to 11.80 g m-2 yr-1 with averages of 2.94g m-2 yr-1-3.79 g m-2 yr-1. These values are consistent with other records worldwide. Both BC content and flux show a gradual and continuous increase over time and clearly reflect increased emissions from anthropogenic activities. The BC records have a significant peak in recent years (from 2000 to 2007), which is accompanied by the sharp increase of energy consumption and total carbon emission in the region. It is reasonable to conclude that changes in BC from increasing human activities have controlled BC fluxes during the last 150 years. Industrial contamination, especially BC emission, in the coastal region of eastern China should be taken into account when developing management strategies for protecting the natural environment.

Spatial simulation of land use based on terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage in coastal Jiangsu, China.

This paper optimises projected land-use structure in 2020 with the goal of increasing terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage and simulates its spatial distribution using the CLUE-S model. We found the following: The total carbon densities of different land use types were woodland > water area > cultivated land > built-up land > grassland > shallows. Under the optimised land-use structure projected for 2020, coastal Jiangsu showed the potential to increase carbon storage, and our method was effective even when only considering vegetation carbon storage. The total area will increase by reclamation and the original shallows will be exploited, which will greatly increase carbon storage. For built-up land, rural land consolidation caused the second-largest carbon storage increase, which might contribute the most as the rural population will continue to decrease in the future, while the decrease of cultivated land will contribute the most to carbon loss. The area near the coastline has the greatest possibility for land-use change and is where land management should be especially strengthened.

Land use, total carbon emissions change and low carbon land management in Coastal Jiangsu, China

Given the background of global warming, carbon emission reduction has become a topic of global importance. Land use change not only influences carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems directly, but it also indirectly affects anthropogenic carbon emissions, which occur more frequently in coastal regions. Based on data of energy consumption, industrial products, waste, soil organic carbon, and vegetation, together with land use images of five typical years, this paper calculated the total carbon emissions in coastal Jiangsu, China, assigned the detailed carbon emission items to different land use types, and optimized land use structure to low carbon emissions using the Linear Programming Model. It was found that carbon emission intensity in coastal Jiangsu was much higher than the average for China as a whole, and that energy consumption contributed most to local carbon emissions with the contribution from animals second. Urban land accounted for the most concentrated and highest intensity of carbon emissions. Between 1985 and 2010, the transfer of cropland to built-up land accounted for the largest percentage of the total transferred area and contributed most to the increase of carbon emissions. In particular, the limitation of urban land will play a key role in carbon emission reduction. Our optimized land use structure can control and decrease carbon emissions effectively and thus, it is an important tool worth the consideration of land managers and policy makers.

Urbanization of Capital or Capitalization on Urban Land? Land Development and Local Public Finance in Urbanizing China

This study examines the relationship between urban land development and municipal finance in a Chinese regional economy undergoing rapid urbanization. Drawing upon insights from the perspective of political economy, this study analyzes how municipalities in coastal Jiangsu Province have engaged in the land-dominated urbanization process, and the developmental landscape that has emerged from the new approach toward local public finance. Land development has not functioned simply as a passive outcome of urbanization, but has been actively pursued by local governments as a means of revenue generation to finance local economic growth. An inverse correlation is found between the growth of land conveyance income and the level of the regional economies in China's administrative hierarchy. We call for greater attention to be directed to the interrelationship between land development, local public finance, and urbanization in the ongoing transformation of the Chinese political economy.

State-sector shrinkage and workforce reduction in China

Restructuring of the state sector in China in the late 1990s reduced the workforce by an estimated 30 to 40 million. This paper uses firm-level data from a survey of 800 enterprises in China to test various explanations for job loss and firm exit among state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The results, based on OLS and binary logistic regression models, suggest that small firms (by output and tax remissions) in labor-intensive sectors, and those in coastal Jiangsu province, had greater likelihoods of firm exit and of workforce decline during the late 1990s. Surviving SOEs continued to report only small reductions in payroll size in comparison to firms under other forms of ownership.

Satellite tracking of the migration of the red‐crowned crane Grus japonensis

Autumn migration routes of red‐crowned cranes, Grus japonensis, from two continental east Asian sites were documented in detail by satellite tracking. Two routes were identified: a 2200 km western route from Russia's Khingansky Nature Reserve to coastal Jiangsu Province, China; and a 900 km eastern route from Lake Khanka (Russia) to the Korean Peninsula and the Demilitarized Zone. The most important rest‐sites were identified as Panjin Marsh (China), coastal mudflats south‐east of Tangshan City (China), the Yellow River mouth (China), Tumen River mouth (North Korea/China/Russia), Kumya (North Korea) and Cholwon (Korean DMZ). Movements within the wintering range were also recorded, including complex commuting between sites by individual cranes and patterns of daily movements within sites. These data should prove useful for conservation of the flyway.