Coastal Area Of Jakarta Research Articles

Greenpeace's Role in Supporting the Government of DKI Jakarta's Programme to Deal with Abrasion in the Northern Coastal Area of Jakarta

Greenpeace's Role in Supporting the Government of DKI Jakarta's Programme to Deal with Abrasion in the Northern Coastal Area of Jakarta

The effect of wind speed in increasing COVID-19 cases in Jakarta: a spatial-temporal analysis from March to September 2020

Background The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 is described as a highly contagious virus, and wind speed is suspected to be one of the climate elements that play a role in its spread, among others. This study aims to determine the relationship between wind speed and the increase in COVID-19 cases, as well as its potential spread, based on regional characteristics. Methods The design of this study was an ecological study based on time and place to integrate geographic information systems and tested using statistical techniques. The data used were wind speed and weekly COVID-19 cases from March to September 2020. These records were obtained from the special coronavirus website of Jakarta Provincial Health Office and the Indonesian Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency. The data were analyzed by correlation, graphic/time trend, and spatial analysis. Results The wind speed (maximum and mean) from March to September 2020 tended to fluctuate between 1.43 and 6.07 m/s. The correlation test results between the average wind speed and COVID-19 cases in Jakarta showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.542; p value = 0.002). Conclusions Areas with high wind speeds tended to show an increase in the number of COVID-19 cases, especially in the coastal areas of Jakarta. Wind speed plays a role in increasing the spread of SARS-CoV-2, in people who did not implement health protocols properly. This mechanism can be worsened with support of environmental factors such as air pollution.

Design and implementation of an IoT-based Automatic Water Level Recorder (AWLR) as a tool to mitigate the risk of tidal flood disasters in the coastal area of Jakarta

Jakarta’s land continues to sink, and rising sea levels pose a high risk of tidal flooding in Jakarta Bay. From 2022 until May 2023, three tidal floods in Jakarta have been recorded due to high-intensity rainfall, causing the sea level to rise above normal. This threat is of public concern due to its material and immaterial losses. To address this issue, a real-time monitoring system that can provide accurate information on sea level heights on the coast of Jakarta needs to be developed. The research aims to develop a web-based Automatic Water Level Recorder (AWLR) system tool to support flood disaster mitigation in Jakarta’s coastal areas. This system integrates several sensors to measure sea level heights, temperature, humidity, and data transmission through a telemetry system. Based on running tests conducted from December 2022 to February 2023, the AWLR recording had been validated with BMKG’s Tide Gauge data installed in the same waters. The results show the data recording performance with high accuracy (98%). The successful performance of the sensors in this device is supported by monitoring devices involving temperature and humidity sensors. The initial calibration stage also shows significant accuracy test results with an error range of 2 -5%. The measurement accuracy of the pressure, temperature, and humidity sensors are 98%, 97%, and 95%, respectively, so the data obtained is reliable. This IoT-based AWLR data recording can be an input for coastal management decision-making, especially for monitoring coastal disasters.

Seasonal sea breeze variation analysis based on multi‐year near‐surface observations in Jakarta, Indonesia

AbstractIn this study, multi‐year near‐surface observations were conducted at two sites in Jakarta, Indonesia to analyse seasonal sea breeze variation. Seasonal length was defined using observed zonal wind components, the rainy season was defined as December–March, and the dry season was defined as May–September. We found that the sea breeze in Jakarta started earlier, propagated more rapidly, and lasted for a shorter period of time during the rainy than dry season. Variation in the air temperature difference between urban and coastal areas of Jakarta was the major factor driving sea breeze seasonal variation. During the rainy season, night‐time cloud downwelling decreased this air temperature difference, causing earlier sea breeze onset and more rapid sea breeze propagation due to a weaker land breeze. By contrast, during the dry season, intense night‐time radiative cooling inland caused a strong negative temperature difference that produced a stronger land breeze, thus, slowing sea breeze propagation. Seasonal differences in urban surface heating and urban heat island circulation may also affect sea breeze onset and propagation speed. Discrepancies in thermal properties between urban core and coastal areas of Jakarta also prolonged positive temperature differences after sunset, thus extending the sea breeze duration in the dry season.

The Use of Soft System Methodology To Build A Conceptual Model for Strengthening Innovation of Entrepreneurs in Coastal Area of Jakarta

Strengthening innovation for entrepreneur is very important because nowadays consumers are smarter and they demand to meet their needs in terms of quality, renewal and price. Small businesses and beginners are often unable to achieve business sustainability. Therefore, innovative capabilities are needed to meet consumer's needs and to achieve business sustainability. By using an entrepreneurial ecosystem approach through elements of actors, factors, enthusiasm and interrelated processes that can strengthen the innovation of entrepreneur. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of entrepreneurial innovation so that factors to strengthen innovation can be identified. This study uses Soft System Methodology (SSM) through the application of SSM steps to obtain a conceptual model to strengthen innovation for entrepreneur. This research was conducted for 6 months, by conducting in-depth interviews with 50 respondents consisting of government, academics, community leaders and business actors. The results showed that a strong will from within the entrepreneur and the use of technology are key factors in strengthening entrepreneurial innovation. Keywords: coastal area, conceptual model, entrepreneur, innovation, soft system methodology

MONITORING OF JAKARTA SUBSIDENCE APPLYING 4D MICROGRAVITY SURVEY BETWEEN 2014 AND 2018

A study of time-lapse or 4D microgravity has been conducted to detect subsidence zones and the rate of subsidence between 2014 and 2018 in Jakarta. Jakarta city is mostly covered by a quaternary alluvium fan. Subsidence happened by several factors including excessive water exploitation, loss of recharge area, surface load, and the natural sinking properties of unconsolidated alluvium. By combining the complete Bouguer Anomaly (CBA) equation and gravity gradiometry methods, the Bouguer density of 2.33 g/cm3 can be obtained. Since subsidence occurred in the near-surface, the regional gravity anomaly has been separated from CBA by using combined spectrum analysis and moving average methods after implementing a Fourier Transform. The result shows that subsidence occurred all over the coastal area of Jakarta. In northern Jakarta, the average subsidence rate is more than 10 cm/year, and the highest rate happened in Tambora district with 15.9 cm/year. There is also a negative 4D microgravity anomaly in the southern part of Jakarta that seems to be related to ground level uplift and declining groundwater level.

The Level of Public Acceptance to the Development of a Coastal Flooding Early Warning System in Jakarta

Coastal flooding is a natural disaster that often occurs in coastal areas. Jakarta is an example of a location that is highly vulnerable to coastal flooding. Coastal flooding can result in economic and human life losses. Thus, there is a need for a coastal flooding early warning system in vulnerable locations to reduce the threat to the community and strengthen its resilience to coastal flooding disasters. This study aimed to measure the level of public acceptance toward the development of a coastal flooding early warning system of people who live in a coastal region in Jakarta. This knowledge is essential to ensure that the early warning system can be implemented successfully. A survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires to people in the coastal areas of Jakarta. The questionnaire results were analyzed using cross-tabulation and path analysis based on the variables of knowledge, perceptions, and community attitudes towards the development of a coastal flooding early warning system. The survey result shows that the level of public acceptance is excellent, as proven by the average score of the respondents’ attitude by 4.15 in agreeing with the establishment of an early warning system to manage coastal flooding. Thus, path analysis shows that knowledge and perception have a weak relationship with community attitudes when responding to the coastal flooding early warning model. The results show that only 23% of the community’s responses toward the coastal flooding early warning model can be explained by the community’s knowledge and perceptions. This research is expected to be useful in implementing a coastal flooding early warning system by considering the level of public acceptance.

Future increase in elderly heat-related mortality of a rapidly growing Asian megacity

Urban dwellers are at risk of heat-related mortality in the onset of climate change. In this study, future changes in heat-related mortality of elderly citizens were estimated while considering the combined effects of spatially-varying megacity’s population growth, urbanization, and climate change. The target area is the Jakarta metropolitan area of Indonesia, a rapidly developing tropical country. 1.2 × 1.2 km2 daily maximum temperatures were acquired from weather model outputs for the August months from 2006 to 2015 (present 2010s) and 2046 to 2055 (future 2050s considering pseudo-global warming of RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). The weather model considers population-induced spatial changes in urban morphology and anthropogenic heating distribution. Present and future heat-related mortality was mapped out based on the simulated daily maximum temperatures. The August total number of heat-related elderly deaths in Jakarta will drastically increase by 12~15 times in the 2050s compared to 2010s because of population aging and rising daytime temperatures under “compact city” and “business-as-usual” scenarios. Meanwhile, mitigating climate change (RCP 2.6) could reduce the August elderly mortality count by up to 17.34%. The downwind areas of the densest city core and the coastal areas of Jakarta should be avoided by elderly citizens during the daytime.

Land Subsidence Induced by the Rate of Consolidation of Marine Clay in Kamal Muara Northern Jakarta

The coastal area like Northern Jakarta are developing so fast. This condition will be resulted in land subsidence if soil layers in that area has high compressibility like marine clay layers. Coastal areas of Northern Jakarta generally formed by sedimentary wich are compressible soils. Consolidation is a process of soil compacting due to the compression. Normally consolidated (NC) soil is a type of sedimentary soil that has never experienced a reduction in pressure above it, while over-consolidated (OC) soils are a type of sedimentary soil due to pressure that is much higher than the current pressure. Rate of consolidation is very dependent on compressible parameter. Land subsidence in the coastal area of Northern Jakarta can be estimated by consolidation rate. Therefore, research on the characteristic parameters Cc and Cv compare to plasticity index (PI) of sedimentary soils in the coastal areas of Jakarta needs to be done. This research is conducting by laboratory tests on UDS (undisturbed) soil samples taken by drilling a depth 50 meter point in Kamal Muara area. The method used is the consolidation test for further analysis of the parameters of Cc, and Cv. The result show the land subsidence of marine clay in Kamal Muara Northern Jakarta has a significant correlation with rate of consolidation.

Site Characterization of Marine Clay Consolidation Ratio on Kamal Muara Area, Northern Jakarta

Northern Jakarta coastal area is formed by some marine clay layers which has high compression as sedimentary soil. Land subsidence can occur due to several factors, such as load of building, excessive groundwater exploitation and normally consolidation process. Consolidation is a process of soil compacting due to the compression. The compression process of the soil occurs when soil receives the load from its above structure which makes a reduction of pore water pressure. Then, the dissipation of groundwater is followed by compaction of the volume of soil. A significant level of land subsidence in the coastal areas of Jakarta especially in Kamal Muara can lead to failure of building structures built on sedimentary clay soils. Therefore, research on the level of compression of sedimentary soils in the coastal areas of Jakarta needs to be done. This research is conducting by laboratory tests on UDS (undisturbed) soil samples taken by drilling a depth 50 meter point. The method used is the conso compression index lidation test for further analysis of the parameters of Pc, Cr, and OCR. Testing result shows the level of marine clay soil of coastal sediment clay in Kamal Muara North Jakarta is under consolidation.

Legal Sosio Approach in the Sustainable Utilization of Northern Coastal Area of Jakarta

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Watershed management strategies for flood mitigation: A case study of Jakarta's flooding

Abstract Jakarta is a capital city of Indonesia located in the delta of Ciliwung river. This city suffers annual flooding with some serious damage for certain extreme rainfall events, especially occurring at the upper parts of the Ciliwung watershed. In 1992 rainy season, flooding in Jakarta was scattered in 61 sites. In 1996, the flooding increased to 90 sites, and further increased in the rainy season of 2002 to be 159 sites. Jakarta experienced a major flooding on 9–10 February 2015 after having seen two occurrences of major flooding in the two preceding years 2013 and 2014 ( Siswanto et al., 2017 ). Such extreme flooding events might become more frequent in the future due to the impacts of land use and climate change ( Kure et al., 2014 ). To reduce the magnitude and frequency of further flooding, on-site as well as off-site program actions need to be taken comprehensively. This paper is specifically aimed at, firstly understanding the main problems causing flooding in the coastal area of Jakarta, and secondly proposing medium and long-term solutions from the perspective of an integrated watershed management approach. The proposed solution will also include institutional and financial arrangements in a cross-administrative boundary situation.

Influence the condition land subsidence and groundwater impact of Jakarta coastal area

Jakarta has been experiencing land subsidence for ten years due toerecting weight building and intensive extraction of groundwater for society drink water through ground water wells. Many groundwater extraction for drinkingwater has caused intensive scouring of land rock and further triggering land subsidence developed widely in coastal area of Jakarta. Measurement of the land subsidence has been performed by various experts and institutes. Between 1974 to 2010 subsidence has happened between 3 to 4.1 meters especially in Jakarta coastal area. Two major causes of the subsidence are identified. The first major cause is a result of erecting weight building such as hotels, appartments, and various human activities buildings. The second major cause is extracting ground water from aquifers bellow Jakarta land due to water deep wells down to the aquifer and traditional shallow water well of shallow or subsurface uncovered ground water. Weighter building and higher debit of water flow from deep water wells has fastened and deepened the land subsidence. Continuous measurement of land subsidence by means of geodetic as well as geophysical earth behaviour measurements need to be performed to monitor the rate, location as well as mapping of the land subsidence.

Reclamation of Jakarta Bay, Impoverishment and Marginalization of Fisherwomen: Case Study at Akuarium and Kamal Muara Village, Penjaringan

It has been more than ten years since The Jakarta Bay reclamation project displaced fishermen from the sea where they were normally fishing. The direct impact of reclamation on fisherwomen was income decrease, because it has damaged the marine ecosystems due to the effects of sucking and backfilling of the sea sand. In addition, there will be at least 16,998 of fishermen households will be evicted from the coastal areas of Jakarta, Banten and Bekasi due to this reclamation. The findings of this study are: the reclamation made the<br />fisherwomen become poorer, their burden is higher and they have experienced double marginalization. The research methodology is a qualitative study with feminist perspective. Data collection are by in-depth interview with ten fisherwomen, document study, and fields<br />observation. Selection of research sites is purposive, namely Kampung Akuarium and Kampung Kamal Muara, District of Penjaringan, North Jakarta Municipality. In particular, this study wants to bring up the voices of poor fisherwomen as marginalized group of people, who have not been heard. It is hoped they will be brave and voiced their rights and aspirations openly which they have not dared to do so.

The Effect of Entrepreneurship and Regulation Policy on Competitive Advantage

The aim of this study is to know and measure entrepreneurship, regulation policy to develop the competitive advantage in the north coast of West Java Indonesia. The research method used a quantitative approach. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 300 respondents (fishermen) from coastal areas of Jakarta, Bekasi, Serang and Cirebon. Data analysis technique use dlinear regression analysis. The results show that entrepreneurship related to competitiveadvantage, although the regulation policy is not related to competitive advantage. Likewise, between the entrepreneurship orientation with the regulation policy simultaneously related to competitive advantage.

Study of Pitting Resistance of Rebar Steels in Jakarta Coastal Using Simulated Concrete Pore Solution

Carbon steels are generally used to a reinforcement in the concrete constructions, such as bridges, piling, etc. These constructions are not a bit placed in the coastal areas, especially the coastal area of Jakarta. The industrial activities and urban development were a source of sediment loads and pollutants in coastal sea water Jakarta. The presence of chloride content and pollutants in sea water could affect the process of corrosion of reinforcement steel in concrete especially pitting corrosion. In this paper, the behavior of pitting corrosion of reinforcement steel in sea water of Jakarta coastal using simulated concrete pore solution has been studied. The sea waters were taken from two different locations of Jakarta coastal, Ancol beach and Muara Baru fishing port. Each of the sea water was used as a solvent in the simulated concrete pore solution with or without carbonates. The simulated concrete pore solution with chloride was also utilized for comparison test. The cyclic and potentiostatic electrochemical polarization were conducted to evaluate the behavior of pitting corrosion of reinforcing steel. The experimental results showed that the reinforcing steel was susceptible to pitting corrosion in the simulated concrete pore solutions (SPS) of sea water with or without carbonates and in the simulated concrete pore solutions containing 3.5% NaCl. The addition of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate in SPS of sea water increased the breakdown potential value and the total time for the metastable pitting decreased slightly.

THE ELASMOBRANCH NURSERY AREA OF JAKARTA BAY

A study on the correlation between water, sediment qualities and the diversity of elasmobranchs in Jakarta Bayhas been conducted by the Research Center for Oceanography from the beginning of 2012. This paper presents apart of the study focusing on elasmobranch diversity and its size composition. Elasmobranchs in the coastal area ofJakarta Bay were collected using bottom gillnet every month to find out the species diversity and its size composition.The 162 collected individuals from Jakarta Bay were classified into eight species of rays and one whaler shark.Himantura gerrardi, H. uarnacoides, H. walga and Neotrygon kuhlii were the most common species found in thisarea. Interestingly, most specimens found in the area were immature and new born animals. This finding indicatesthat the coastal area of Jakarta Bay is one of nursery areas of most elasmobranchs living in adjacent waters althoughthe bay has been heavily polluted.

IMPACT OF SEA LEVEL RISE TO COASTAL ECOLOGY: A CASE STUDY ON THE NORTHERN PART OF JAVA ISLAND, INDONESIA

Abstract The coastline of Indonesia, which borders almost 17,500 islands and the sea and extends for more than 80,000 km, is vulnerable to sea level rise. This paper aims to investigate the impact of sea level rise on coastal ecology in Indonesia focusing on coastal area of Jakarta, Pekalongan, Semarang and Demak in the northern part of Java Island. Geo-spatial data, i.e. satellite images and maps were used to monitor the environmental changes and primary data were obtained through field survey and observation on the specified area. In Jakarta, sea level rise has been predicted to bring great damages to infrastructure in coastal area. Multiple impacts of sea level rise towards mangrove, agriculture, and aquaculture ecosystem occurs in Pekalongan. Semarang coastal area also suffers from the widening spread of health problems as the coastal inundation increases. At the same time, Demak experiences major losses on mangrove and aquaculture ecosystem due to sea level rise.

PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT PESISIR PADA PENYELENGGARAAN PENDIDIKAN DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 02 MARUNDA JAKARTA UTARA

Objective research that will produce research findings that can be used or followed-up by elements related to the investigation. In this case the researchers conducted a study in coastal areas of Jakarta on matters relating to public participation to education. In this study researchers get research findings that (1) community participation as a facilitator in providing education in primary schools Marunda,(2) community participation as a motivator on the education in state primary schools Marunda, (3) community participation as partners in the education in state primary schools Marunda. These findings are based on the condition of the people who have a background of economic, social, and educational levels. This research hope can give up the educational levels in coastal areas.