Coarse Powder Research Articles

Preliminary phytochemical, physico-chemical & HPTLC analysis of aanai nerunjil kudineer

The Siddha system is an Ancient and Indigineous system of medicine followed predominantly by the people of South India. It comprises of various modes of treatment for a number of diseases. Aanai Nerunjil kudineer is a herbal drug which is indicated for many common Genito-Urinary tract disorders in the textbook, Gunapadam Mooligai vaguppu (Siddha Materia Medica). Aanai Nerunjil (Pedalium murex) plants and Seeds of Kothumalli (Coriandrum sativum) were collected from the locality of Tuticorin, Tamilnadu and were dried under sunshade and ground into coarse powder and then mixed in a 4:1 ratio respectively. Aqueous alcoholic Extracts of the powder was made by Hot soxhlet method. Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Glycosides were found to be present in preliminary phytochemical investigation. The Physico-chemical analysis revealed that the LOD at 1050c was 8.4%, Total Ash value as 10.84%, acid insoluble ash as 0.85%, water soluble ash as 3.25%, sulphated ash as 14.56%, pH of 4% aqueous solution as 8.08, volatile oil content of 0.5%.HPTLC was performed in aqueous alcoholic extract at 254nm, 366nm & 575nm and the chromatograms were recorded. The Rf peak values were found to be significant which can further assist in identification of the individual compounds. Keywords: siddha medicine, pedalium murex, coriandrum sativum, preliminary phytochemical, physico chemical, HPTLC Analysis Introduction The World Health Organization has estimated that about 80% of earth's inhabitants rely on traditional medicine for their primary health care needs that primarily involves the use of plant extracts or their active components.1 Over 248, 000 species of higher plants have been identified and from these 12, 000 plants are known to have medicinal properties.2The importance of plants is known to us well. The plant kingdom is a treasure house of potential drugs and in the recent years there has been an increasing awareness about the importance of medicinal plants[3].

Effect of feedstock bimodal powder mixture and infiltration process on mechanical behaviour of binder jetting processed 316L stainless steel

ABSTRACT Binder jetting additive manufacturing (BJAM) is a widely studied technique fabricating metal parts. In this study, bimodal 316L stainless steel powder mixture of coarse (D50 – 34.1μm) and fine (D50 – 6.28μm) powders were designed for BJAM. Infiltration was used to improve the density of BJAMed parts. Bimodal powder mixture showed clear advantage over unimodal powder system on density and mechanical property of BJAMed parts. Upon solid-phase sintering, BJAMed 316 stainless steel of bimodal powder mixture (9:1 mass ratio of coarse to fine powder) showed relative density 97.19% and tensile strength 343.62 MPa, as compared with relative density 84.55% and tensile strength 291.59 MPa for pure coarse powder. For the same bimodal powder mixture, bronze infiltration, compared with solid-phase sintering, resulted in noticeably higher relative density 99.92% and tensile strength 621.63 MPa. Compared with solid-phase sintering, infiltration significantly reduced the volumetric shrinkage.

Investigations of Phytochemical, Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic Effects of Ixora Pavetta Andrews Leaf

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of I.pavetta Andrews leaf on acute toxicity, anti-inflammation, antipyretic and analgesic effect in albino rats. Methodology: The plant leaves I.pavetta were taken and obtained materials were washed, shade dried into coarse powder using a mechanical grinder and then to prepare ethanol extract. The different phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, glycosides and tannins were present in the ethanol extracts. The total number of rats was 30 which included male and female albino rats. The age range was 160-240g. All data was analyzed by SPSS 21. Results: The results indicated that the extract's LD50 is greater than 3000 mg/kg, p.o., and that no mortality was seen at this dose for 14 days. In terms of analgesic activity, the use of different doses of ethanol extract (600, 800mg/kg) show significantly reduced; p<0.0001*** the number of writhes and caused the highest analgesic effect than compared to the reference drug group (Aspirin 100mg/kg). The carrageenan induced hind-paw oedema in rats were used to explore the anti-inflammatory effects, and the study's findings showed that the use of different dose of extract at (600 and 800 mg/kg) had shown significantly; p<0.001** reduced inflammatory and pain effects in rats as compared to reference drug (phenylbutazone 100mg/kg). The yeast-induced pyrexia in rats was used to test the antipyretic efficacy, and the different dose of extract significantly; p<0.001** decreased body temperature at doses of (600 and 800 mg/kg) than compared to the acetylsalicylic acid (100mg/kg). Conclusions: The ethanol extract of plant leaf I. pavetta have shown greater analgesic efficacy, anti-inflammation and antipyretic activities. Keywords: Acetic acid, analgesic effect, anti-inflammation.

Hybrid manufacturing process combining laser powder-bed fusion and forging for fabricating Ti–5Al–5V–5Mo–3Cr–1Zr alloy with exceptional and isotropic mechanical properties

The metal additive manufacturing (AM) technology offers a unique advantage for production of complex and unconventional parts. However, the thermal history during the AM process often leads to anisotropy in the mechanical properties and inherent porosity of the deposits, which limits their performance compared to traditional forgings. To overcome these limitations, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology was employed to produce single-step die-forging preforms. This innovative approach used coarse powder with a wide distribution of particle sizes to create a variety of molten pool structures, preventing the growth of columnar β grains in AM Ti–5Al–5V–5Mo–3Cr–1Zr (Ti-55531) alloys. The subsequent die-forging process eliminated inherent defects and regulated grains to be near-equiaxed, significantly improving the mechanical properties and reducing anisotropy. With proper post-heat treatment, the strength-ductility trade-off of the Ti-55531 alloy was adjusted to meet standards. This unconventional process route produced parts with isotropic and excellent mechanical properties, overcoming the defects and anisotropic properties of AM parts. This supplement to the traditional manufacturing process of high-performance titanium alloy parts holds great promise for future applications.

Spinning Submerged Filter Adsorber versus Packed Bed Adsorber for the Continuous Removal of Antibiotics from Wastewater with Activated Carbon

The removal of antibiotics from wastewater is receiving considerable attention to fulfill water quality parameters required for reuse. This study compares a spinning submerged filter adsorber with a fixed bed adsorber for continuous antibiotic removal. Adsorbers were evaluated with micro granular activated carbon (μGAC: 508 μm), coarse powder activated carbon (cPAC: 197 μm), powder activated carbon (PAC: 77 μm), and a domestic wastewater effluent spiked with a mixture of amoxicillin, sulfamethoxazole, and levofloxacin with concentrations ranging from 10 to 50 mg/L. The fixed bed adsorber packed with cPAC was the most efficient adsorber running with wastewater spiked with 50 mg/L of each antibiotic and an empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 4.5 min. The spinning submerged filter adsorber configuration also provided high removal effectiveness using a 15 g/L concentration of PAC but with a lower hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 40 min. This adsorption unit can be filled with small PAC particles, unlike packed beds, and PAC concentrations can be increased up to 150 g/L if necessary. It combines adsorption and filtration with a completely mixed mode of operation in which the PAC concentration can be adapted to effluent micropollutant concentrations, making it an interesting alternative for adsorption processes.

Hot oscillatory pressure preparing low-cost FGH4096 superalloys with high performance

The low-cost and high-performance FGH4096 superalloy was prepared by replacing the high-cost fine powder particles (<51 μm) with coarse particles (>120 μm) using the hot oscillatory pressure (HOP) sintering method. The effects of powder particle size on the grain size and mechanical properties of the superalloy were investigated. The results showed that the tensile strength is 1350 MPa and the elongation is 30.4% for the HOP samples of coarse powder, the mechanical properties are higher than that of the samples prepared by the hot-press (HP) with finer powder. In addition, HOP sintering shows good inhibitory effect for the prior particle boundaries (PPB) in the powder metallurgy superalloys, for the HOP sintering providing the great driving force of particles plastic deformation. The results suggest that the coarse powder particle size with HOP sintering can achieve the better mechanical properties for the FGH4096 superalloys, thus provides a strategy for the low-cost and high-performance powder metallurgy superalloys.

Development and Characterization of Natural Chromite Coating on Metal Substrate Using the Plasma Spray Process.

Natural materials are gaining interest as coating feedstock because their "quality to cost" ratio is better and they are more environmentally friendly than most of the synthetic ceramics. They give sufficient protection to metal surfaces against harsh conditions such as corrosion, wear, and high temperature. In the current study, chromite mineral was beneficiated and reduced to two different sizes to be used as feedstock material for thermal spray coating. Powders were upgraded by gravity and magnetic separation, respectively, and thermally sprayed onto mild steel samples by using atmospheric plasma spray (APS) equipment. Morphology, structure, phases, elemental distribution of chromite powder, and coatings were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Tribological properties of APS chromite coatings were investigated by using a ball-on-disk tribometer, and corrosion resistance properties were evaluated by carrying out potentiodynamic polarization testing in 3.5% NaCl solution. It is observed that the coating has better wear and corrosion resistance and is worn by abrasive wear that includes scratching and particles pull out. Coating efficiency, surface morphology, and microhardness of the coating developed by fine powder were better than those of coarse powder coating.

Influence of α-Si3N4 coarse powder on densification, microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermal behavior of silicon nitride ceramics

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics, with different ratios of fine and coarse α-Si3N4 powders, were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and heat treatment. Further, the influence of coarse α-Si3N4 powder on densification, microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermal behavior of Si3N4 ceramics was systematically investigated. Compared with fine particles, coarse particles exhibit a slower phase transition rate and remain intact until the end of SPS. The remaining large-sized grains of coarse α-Si3N4 induce extensive growth of neighboring β-Si3N4 grains and promote the development of large elongated grains. Noteworthy, an appropriate number of large elongated grains distributed among fine-grained matrix forms bimodal microstructural distribution, which is conducive to superior flexural strength. Herein, Si3N4 ceramics with flexural strength of 861.34 MPa and thermal conductivity of 65.76 W m−1 K−1 were obtained after the addition of 40 wt% coarse α-Si3N4 powder.

Influence of powder size on defect generation in laser powder bed fusion of AlSi10Mg alloy

The particle size distribution (PSD) often changes as powders are cycled for recycled and different powder batches are used, challenging a critical aspect of quality assurance in the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) process. It is therefore important to understand how powder PSD affects the processability of powder in the context of LPBF. In this work, a batch of AlSi10Mg powder was sieved into four sets of powder with controlled PSD (D50 ranging from 16 μm to 76 μm). Single-track and cuboid samples were made from powders with variations in laser power whiling fixing other laser processing parameters constantly. It is shown that coarser powders are much more sensitive to changes in laser power in terms of melt pool characteristics, defect population and size, showing significant improvements in relative density upon increasing laser power. The simulations reveal with the combination of low laser power and coarse powders, pores mainly originate from insufficient melting of powders at the sides of melt pools due to insufficient and inhomogeneous absorption of laser energy. It is possible to achieve nearly fully-dense parts when processing coarse powders given that the incident laser beam energy is sufficient.

Bioassay and efficacy of clove flower stalk extract of Afo variety as a natural larvicidal

This study aims to test the larvicidal bioassay of clove stalk extract against Aedes aegypti on a laboratory scale and field scale efficacy test in a bath. Samples of sun-dried clove flower stalks were made into water extracts and coarse powder measuring 8-10 mesh for efficacy tests in the bath. The experimental method with a completely randomized design model was used to test the effectiveness of the larvicide, which consisted of two stages: The aqueous extract was tested against Ae. aegypti third instar larvae for three concentrations, namely 10%, 20%, and 30%, plus control treatment with three repetitions; observations were made at 30 minutes and 60 minutes after application to see the number of dead larvae as stage one. The second stage was the efficacy test in the bath which was carried out by inserting clove coarse powder in packs of 20 grams, 30 grams, and 40 grams, as well as the control treatment with five replicates, observed every day to see the time of emergence of mosquito larvae in a matter of days. The results of the first stage test showed an effect of the concentration of clove flower stalk extract on the mortality rate of the larvae, which was indicated by a positive relationship, where the mortality rate of the larvae reached 100% at 60 minutes after application. In comparison, the second stage test showed that there was an effect of clove flower stalk coarse powder on the time of larvae emergence, where the average time for larvae emergence was up to 8.8 days in the treatment of 40 g of clove flower stalk coarse powder, 1.83 times longer than the control (4 .8 days). Clove flower stalk extract is effective as a larvicidal mosquito Ae. aegypti.

Simultaneous Quantification of Piperine, Vasicine and Eugenol in &lt;i&gt;Kabasura Kudineer&lt;/i&gt; by HPTLC

Kabasura Kudineer is a polyherbal decoction of the Siddha medical system (an Indian system of medicine), traditionally used to cure fever, colds, coughs, and respiratory ailments. The government of India had recommended Kabasura Kudineer as one of many preventive/treatment measures for COVID-19. Kabasura Kudineer Choornam is an admixed coarse powder of 15 herbs and its decoction is Kabasura Kudineer. The chemical constituents in the 15 herbs used for the preparation of the Choornam are known but the constituents present in the Kabasura Kudineer (decoction) are unidentified. Piperine, vasicine and eugenol are known for their potent activity against respiratory tract infections; hence, they were selected as marker compounds. The present work was planned to simultaneously quantify piperine, vasicine and eugenol in Kabasura Kudineer by the HPTLC method. The optimised mobile phase was toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol: ammonia (5:9:3:0.5, v/v/v/v), and the scanning was carried out at 287 nm. The Rf values of piperine, vasicine and eugenol were found to be 0.70, 0.32 and 0.82, respectively. The linearity range of piperine and vasicine was 500-3000 ng spot–1 and it was 10–60 ng spot–1 for eugenol. The quantities of piperine, vasicine and eugenol in Kabasura Kudineer (100 mL) were 0.03, 0.056 and 0.035 % w/v, respectively. This developed method can be used to simultaneously quantify piperine, vasicine and eugenol in any polyherbal formulation.

Effect of superfine grinding on the physico‐chemical and antioxidant properties ofCistanche deserticolapowders

AbstractCistanche deserticolahas recently been included in the category of food. In this study, the physical and chemical attributes and antioxidant capacity of six kinds ofC. deserticolapowders prepared by jet milling were discussed. With the decrease of particle size, the specific surface areas ofC. deserticolpowders had increased significantly (from 0.040 ± 0.0060 to 0.86 ± 0.030 m2·g−1). The repose angles and slide angles (from 18.43 ± 1.15° to 34.21 ± 1.72° and 27.38 ± 1.72° to 35.80 ± 1.49°, respectively), water and oil holding capacities (from 2.40 ± 0.11 to 1.23 ± 0.12 g/g, 0.73 ± 0.12 to 1.39 ± 0.11 g/g, respectively) of superfineC. deserticolapowders were compared with coarse powders. Superfine grinding promoted the dissolution of active substances, such as the dissolution of phenylethanol glycoside increased from 0.15% to 2.11%. The ultrafine powders ofC. deserticolashow great potential in food industry, such as health foods and dietary foods, extending the application ofC. deserticola.Practical ApplicationsCistanche deserticolahave recently been included into food catalogue and the ultrafine particles ofC. deserticolawould be widely used in food industry. Therefore, to understand the physico‐chemical and antioxidant properties are very necessary, which could be conducive to improve their application. The study showed that the ultrafine powders ofC. deserticolahave better physico‐chemical and antioxidant properties than coarse powders.

Effect of Particle Size Distribution on the Printing Quality and Tensile Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Produced by LPBF Process

The efficiency of the fabrication and the cost of feedstock materials are important constraining factors for a wider application of the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process in the industry. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the feasibility of using different particle size distributions (PSD) combined with higher layer thickness for achieving higher building efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This paper focuses on the effect of PSD (0–53, 15–53, 15–75, and 15–105 μm) on the print quality and mechanical properties of the LPBF-processed Ti-6Al-4V at a layer thickness of 60 μm. The results show that volumetric energy density (VED) range, which allows the coarse powder to reach full density, becomes relatively narrower but is still capable of producing fully dense parts when the parameters are properly adjusted. Among the fully dense specimens, the surface roughness varies slightly with the increase of VED and PSD. In the case of proper parameter selection, specimens made of coarse powder can still achieve low surface roughness. Only slight differences in mechanical performance are found for specimens produced using different PSD powders as they have almost identical microstructures. The issue of the anisotropic mechanical properties of the as-built specimens is resolved after annealing treatment at 800 °C for 2 h. This study provides a guideline for producing high-quality Ti-6Al-4V parts using a higher layer thickness and coarser powders.

Influence of powder size on the moldability and sintered properties of irregular iron-based feedstock used in low-pressure powder injection molding

Initially used for shaping irregular ceramic powders, manufacturing metallic parts via low-pressure powder injection molding (LPIM) from irregular powders has received very little attention. This study investigates the processability of irregular powders for fabricating high-density and low-cost metallic parts using the LPIM process. Three irregular iron-based powder lots were mixed with a low-viscosity binder, injected, debound, and sintered to evaluate their molding and sintering performances via viscosity measurements, real-scale injections, metallographic analysis, and tensile tests. The results revealed that feedstocks formulated from fine and coarse powders exhibit good moldability, predicted by their moldability indexes and validated by spiral flow distances. Furthermore, the feedstock formulated with the finer powder (i.e., 1250 mesh providing a powder particle size <10 μm) produced a homogeneous microstructure along with a low content of oxygen impurities, leading to the highest sintered relative density of ∼90%, an ultimate tensile strength of ∼225 MPa, and an elongation at break of ∼24%. These results confirm that the cost-effective irregular iron powders present a promising alternative to fabricating metallic parts via low-pressure powder injection molding compared to their relatively high-cost spherical powder counterparts (i.e., carbonyl iron powder).

Regorafenib loaded self-assembled lipid-based nanocarrier for colorectal cancer treatment via lymphatic absorption

Oral chemotherapy can improve the life quality of patients; however, the therapeutic effects are limited by low bioavailability and rapid in vivo elimination of anticancer drugs. Here, we developed a regorafenib (REG)-loaded self-assembled lipid-based nanocarrier (SALN) to improve oral absorption and anti-colorectal cancer efficacy of REG through lymphatic absorption. SALN was prepared with lipid-based excipients to utilize lipid transport in the enterocytes and enhance lymphatic absorption of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract. The particle size of SALN was 106 ± 10 nm. SALNs were internalized by the intestinal epithelium via the clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and then transported across the epithelium via the chylomicron secretion pathway, resulting in a 3.76-fold increase in drug epithelial permeability (Papp) compared to the solid dispersion (SD). After oral administration to rats, SALNs were transported by the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory vesicles of enterocytes and were found in the lamina propria of intestinal villi, abdominal mesenteric lymph, and plasma. The oral bioavailability of SALN was 65.9-fold and 1.70-fold greater than that of the coarse powder suspension and SD, respectively, and was highly dependent on the lymphatic route of absorption. Notably, SALN prolonged the elimination half-life of the drug (9.34 ± 2.51 h) compared to the solid dispersion (3.51 ± 0.46 h), increased the biodistribution of REG in the tumor and gastrointestinal (GI) tract, decreased biodistribution in the liver, and showed better therapeutic efficacy than the solid dispersion in colorectal tumor-bearing mice. These results demonstrated that SALN is promising for the treatment of colorectal cancer via lymphatic transport and has potential for clinical translation.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of FeCoNiCrAlx High-entropy Alloys by Selective Laser Melting

In this study, the thermal analysis theory of selective laser melting (SLM) was introduced, and different high-entropy alloy (HEA) specimens were prepared using the SLM technology. The effects of different powder sizes, elemental contents, and process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of FeCoNiCrAlx HEA specimens fabricated using SLM were analyzed. Moreover, hardness and tensile tests of these high-entropy alloys were performed. The results showed that with increasing laser power and hatch spacing, the hardness of the specimens initially increased and subsequently decreased; it also increased with increasing scanning speed. The FeCoNiCrAl0.5 HEA specimens prepared using fine powder exhibited better tensile properties, followed by FeCoNiCrAl0.8 HEA. However, the FeCoNiCrAl0.5 HEA prepared using coarse powder exhibited the poorest tensile properties. A comparison of the tensile properties of the specimens at different heights revealed that the specimens formed at the middle height exhibited improved tensile properties.

Effect of initial powder particle size on densification behavior and mechanical properties of laser additive manufacturing of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy

The AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs) were prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) with powders of different particle sizes as variables. The spreading process of powders with different particle sizes and the effect of particle size on densification behavior, phase and mechanical properties were studied. The maximum densification of the D5016 sample is 99.58%, while that of D5035.8 is 99.1%. For the D5016 system, the BCC/B2 phase of the powder is transformed into the FCC phase of the SLM product, while the reverse is true for the D5035.8. The microhardness of SLM-printed coarse powder samples is higher than that of fine powder by more than 100 HV, and the microhardness of X-Y plane is about 20–40 HV higher than that of X-Z plane. The compressive strength and plasticity of the D5016 sample are 300 MPa, 8% (⊥BD) and 60 MPa, 9% (∥BD) higher than that of D5035.8.

Sintering, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of TiTaNbZrHf High-Entropy Alloys Prepared by Cold Isostatic Pressing and Pressure-Less Sintering of Hydrides

A TiTaNbZrHf refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) was synthesized through a cold isostatic pressing and a pressure-less sintering process in a hydrogen atmosphere using a powder mixture of metal hydride prepared either by mechanical alloying (MA) or by rotating mixing. This study investigates how differences in powder particle sizes impact the RHEA's microstructure and mechanical properties. HCP (a = b = 3.198 Å, c = 5.061 Å) and BCC2 (a = b = c = 3.40 Å) phases were observed in the microstructure of coarse powder TiTaNbZrHf RHEAs at 1400 °C. In contrast, fine powder RHEAs were found to possess two-phase structures of HCP and BCC1 (a = b = c = 3.36 Å) with a higher hardness of 431 HV, compression strength of 1620 MPa, and a plasticity of >20%.

Phytochemical and antioxidant comparison of different varieties of banana

Banana is widely cultivated fruit around the world. The edible portion (flesh) of banana has been used for making various foods as well as eaten directly. But the outer portion (peel) is not used so much and thrown directly into the environment in most of the cases. But bioactive compounds are mostly present into the peel and in this study the comparative phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial property of banana peel and fleshes are evaluated. Three different varieties of unripe raw banana were selected for this study. The peel and flesh of the banana was separated, dried, crushed into coarse powder and extracted by methanol and ethyl acetate. The total phenolic and flavonoid content, total antioxidant capacity, ferrous reducing power assay and DPPH radical scavenging activity was analyzed. All the extracts have considerable amount of phenolic and flavonoid content. The extracts also exhibit very good activity in total antioxidant assay, iron reducing power activity and DPPH radical scavenging assay. The methanolic extract of Dimkumari Peel (MDP) is the most effective among all the extracts. It has phenolic content equivalent to 10.215±0.873 mg/g of GAE and flavonoid content equivalent to 9.285±0.452 mg/g of CAE. The MDP has scavenging power 69.44% at 100 μl/ml concentration which is very reasonable compared to the standard BHT 77.48%. From this study it was found that banana peel and flesh both are rich source of antioxidants.

Phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Diospyros kaki Leaves

Medicinal plants have a significant contribution of ensuring health and wellbeing of the people throughout the world. From primitive periods, plant leaves, stems, flowers, seeds and roots were used for recovery and protection of various pathologic conditions as well as in beauty formulas, foods preparations and beverages. Therefore, the motive of this work was to determine the phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Diospyros kaki (Persimmon; Japan) leaves. The leaves were collected from the Modern Horticulture Centre, Zautola, Fulbagan, Natore, Bangladesh in October, 2021. The leaves were sun dried and crushed into coarse powder and extracted by methanol and ethyl acetate solvent. The phenolic content of methanol extract of Diospyros kaki leaves (DKLM) possessed 5.097 ± 0.245 mg of GAEs/gm of extract which was slightly greater than ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros kaki leaves (DKLEA) 2.226 ± 0.109 mg of GAEs/gm of extract and in case of flavonoid content both of the extracts possessed almost similar quantity. Again, the antioxidant capacity of DKLM was more than DKLEA and also DKLM displayed more reducing power capacity as compared to the DKLEA & it exhibited activity in a concentrated dependent manner. However, the effect of DKLM in DPPH radical scavenging capacity was significantly good as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). So further work is necessary to determine particular bioactive compound, evaluate their chemical characteristics, and pharmacological activities of this fruit. It also necessary to analyze other plant parts of persimmon.