CO2 Removal Research Articles

Several unknowns remain surrounding marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (mCDR) monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) practices and capabilities. Current in-situ sensor technology is limited (primarily pH and p CO 2 ), requiring calculations and assumptions to estimate changes in carbonate chemistry parameters, including total alkalinity (TA). Considering that cost, energy consumption, and accuracy of commercial sensors can vary by orders of magnitude, understanding how well existing sensors perform in an mCDR context is important for this emerging community. Likewise, documenting sensor limitations and how relatively simple models can optimize sensor deployments will improve MRV efforts and support protocol development. Here we (1) compare performance a variety of commercially available sensors in a blind mesocosm experiment simulating ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE), and how sensor performance impacted carbonate chemistry estimates; (2) evaluate if sensors can distinguish the OAE signal from natural variability during a small scale OAE field test in Sequim Bay, WA, USA, and (3) use an idealized ocean biogeochemistry model to explore optimal sensor network design based on (1) and (2). Our mesocosm results indicate that correctly constraining pH uncertainty will be critical for accurate TA estimates with current sensor technology compared to the less impactful variation caused by uncertainty in p CO 2 (pH data that are presented throughout are reported on the total scale (pH T ) unless otherwise noted). Our pilot field test demonstrated that sensors were capable of distinguishing mCDR signatures from natural variability under optimal real-world conditions. Idealized modeling simulations of the field test showed that a range of sparse and dense (3 to 100) sensors sampling areas of detectable increases will underestimate the net change in surface pH by at least 35–55%, at both realistic and highly elevated alkalinity input levels. We also highlight the limitations of current sensing technology for MRV, and the importance of ocean biogeochemistry models as critical tools for predicting when and where mCDR signals will be detectable using available sensors. Overall, our findings suggest that commercially available p CO 2 sensors and some pH sensors will form an important backbone for mCDR MRV tasks, though complete MRV characterization will require these data to be used in combination with other tools.

The effect of ocean alkalinity enhancement on zooplankton standing stock and community composition in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: a mesocosm study.

Structural characterization and ecological evaluation of natural clay mixtures for the removal of heavy metals (Cu(II), Co(II), and Zn(II)) from aqueous solutions: experimental study combined with RSM process optimization

Pathways and mechanism of (NH4)2Me(SO4)2 formation during the process of (NH4)2S sulfide removal of Ni, Co, and Zn in MnSO4 electrolyte

Highly scalable honeycomb-like aminated PVDF-g-PEI hollow fiber membranes for direct air capture of CO2

Characterization of K-MER and 13X zeolites for humid direct air capture of CO2 under equilibrium and cycling conditions

Massive carbon inputs from fish farming reduce carbon sequestration capacity in a macroalgae mariculture area.

High-performance porous liquid composite hollow fiber membranes for enhanced CO₂ removal in artificial lungs

Deactivation and mitigation strategies of dual function materials for integrated CO2 capture and utilization under direct air capture and realistic flue gas conditions

TEPA functionalized adsorbents dominated by pore type and pore size: Direct air capture characteristics and economic efficiency optimization

Moisture-enhanced CO2 desorption from alkali and alkaline earth metal-based sorbents direct air capture

Techno-economic evaluation of solar-driven direct air capture under various configurations

Techno-economic assessment of coupling direct air capture with formic acid value chain in buildings under different scenarios

Influence of extreme temperature conditions on CO2 direct air capture using amino-acid solutions

Dark fermentative hydrogen production (bioH2) could be greatly impaired by the build-up of bioH2 in the reactor headspace, as well as, its re-dissolution in the culture medium. This is because carbon dioxide (CO2) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in the medium could be used for succinate and fumarate production, which could impact negatively on the bioH2 production. Hence, prompt removal of headspace CO2 could prevent its re-dissolution in the culture medium and thereby creating potential for improved bioH2 yields. Therefore, this study investigated the bioH2 production effect of removing CO2 in the reactor headspace using calcium oxide (CaO) sorbent. The results showed that reactors with membrane impregnated with 1 M CaO produced 15.6% and 11.6 % hydrogen yields higher than non-impregnated membranes, and membranes impregnated with 2 M CaO, respectively. Besides, CO2 yield and loss in membrane storage modulus of 74.5 ml/ g VS and 40 %, respectively, were measured for reactors with 1 M CaO-impregnated membranes while CO2 yield and loss in membrane storage modulus of 79.9ml/ g VS and 28%, respectively, were measured for reactors with 2 M CaO-impregnated membranes. The results indicated that 1 M CaO-impregnated membranes were more efficient for CO2 adsorption than 2 M CaO-impregnated membranes. The improved yield using CaO-impregnated membranes justified the effectiveness of the membrane for headspace CO2 capture and the possible commercial application of the technique if improved upon. The research findings could contribute to the development of hydrogen energy technology.

Abstract There is no abstract for a Perspective.

Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) has emerged as a promising adjunctive therapy to mitigate hypercapnia and reduce IMV settings. We present the cases of two post-lung transplant patients with severe hypercapnia and respiratory failure who were successfully managed using ECCO2R. ECCO2R demonstrated efficacy in correcting hypercapnia, improving ventilatory parameters, and facilitating lung-protective strategies in post-lung transplant patients with respiratory failure. This technique represents a valuable adjunct to conventional mechanical ventilation, particularly in cases where hypercapnia poses a risk to graft function and patient stability. Further studies are warranted to establish optimal patient selection and refine treatment protocols for ECCO2R implementation in critical care settings.

Electrochemical CO2 capture features high modularity and low system complexity. When the pH swing produced by electrolysis reactions acts as the driving force of CO2 capture, the entire process is further endowed with enhanced tolerance to poisoning. Nevertheless, the correlation between the type of electrolysis reaction and electrochemical CO2 capture efficiency remains poorly understood, rendering the reactor inefficient. Here, we show that the behavior of gas bubbles exerts a strong influence on CO2 capture rates and Faradaic efficiencies. We demonstrate that eliminating bubble accumulation by suppressing H2 evolution at the cathode/electrolyte interface facilitates CO2 capture, which ensures the access of CO2 to the alkaline electrode surfaces. We devise a polymer-electrolyte CO2 capture reactor utilizing oxygen reduction as the driving force and the cation effect to reduce the activity of H2 formation. The system offers a capture rate of 1.40±0.03 mLCO2 min-1 cm-2 at 220mA cm-2 with a Faradaic efficiency of 83.7±1.9% and poisoning resistance to O2 and impurities in simulated flue gases. In direct air capture (DAC) mode, the reactor achieves a capture rate of about 0.029mLCO2 min-1 cm-2 and a stable 200-h operation at approximately 0.019 mLCO2 min-1 cm-2 and 0.95V, outperforming existing electrochemical DAC devices.

Mechanical ventilation is a critical intervention in patients who cannot spontaneously maintain adequate oxygenation and remove carbon dioxide. However, it can also lead to severe lung injury via volutrauma, barotrauma, atelectrauma and biotrauma, and it can worsen existing lung disease such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ventilator-associated lung injury, the clinical manifestations of lung damage associated with mechanical ventilation, can trigger systemic inflammatory cascades that contribute to multi-organ failure. The utilization of lung-protective ventilation strategies helps to minimize further injury to the lungs during mechanical ventilation and improve survival rates. This review discusses the pathophysiology of ventilator-associated lung injury, including cellular and molecular responses, its systemic effects, risk factors, clinical presentation and diagnosis, protective strategies, and emerging therapies. It incorporates interdisciplinary advances, from novel pharmacologic and stem-cell therapies coupled with artificial intelligence and machine learning systems to provide a framework for the prevention of ventilator-associated lung injury that moves beyond purely mechanical considerations.

Abstract In pursuit of climate neutrality targets, Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU)‐based Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) has emerged as a key mitigation measure for enhancing greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction and removal efforts at national and regional levels. Scientific evidence underscores the inevitability of deploying CDR to counterbalance hard‐to‐abate emissions from other carbon‐intensive sectors. However, a looming legal concern surrounding CDR deployment arises: the potential for overreliance on this technology, which could drive countries away from the primary mitigation scheme, namely, the deep reduction of GHG. Additionally, previous studies have not specifically touched upon deploying FOLU‐based CDR within national and regional contexts. Thus, this article seeks to fill that gap by conducting a comparative study between two legal systems—Indonesia and the European Union (EU)—that have adopted dedicated FOLU‐based policy packages as their primary strategies for achieving the net‐zero targets. This comparative analysis highlights the similarities and differences between Indonesian and EU approaches, drawing lessons from best practices in both jurisdictions. The findings reveal that stringent targets and adaptable legal frameworks are essential preconditions for robust CDR governance. Notably, the Indonesian experience offers a groundbreaking contribution by incorporating a civil liability system, thereby expanding the CDR governance dimension beyond direct regulatory approaches.