Business Cooperation Research Articles

Performance, Longevity and Evolution of Joint Venture: Investigation in the Lifecycle of the Venture Through the Case of an International Joint Venture in India

Joint ventures (JVs) and cooperative business alliances have been around for over a century, initially emerging from the need for shared risk and capital. Research on JVs has evolved from focusing on motivations for formation to examining their performance and termination phases. However, the dissolution and post-termination stages of international joint ventures remain relatively underexplored despite the rising trend of alliance terminations. This study addresses these gaps by analysing the evolution of JVs, including restructuring and dissolution, through a longitudinal case study of a successful business enterprise spanning four decades that has undergone the entire cycle. It finds that changes in partner composition and equity, influenced by external factors, are integral to a JV’s evolution. Additionally, trust and learning play key roles in control decisions, and terminations should be viewed as adaptations to market shifts rather than failures. The main drivers of termination often arise from changes during the JV process rather than initial formation conditions. Besides adding to the field of management education and research, the study is intended to provide practical insights for JV management as many of the JVs in developing nations, particularly South Asian countries, reach maturity.

Organized Capitalism and Organized Science

This article compares two different ways in which German industries, during the half century before 1914, managed to integrate useful results from scientific research: At the time, on the one hand there was single-firm-based industrial research, and on the other the cooperation of science, business, and government in the Emperor William Society for the Advancement of Sciences (1911) out of which, after the Second World War, the Max Planck Society emerged. On this basis, the article discusses similarities and tensions between capitalism and the sciences which, in spite of some structural similarities, follow different logics.

Impact of firm’s supply chain network position on digital transformation: evidence from China

Purpose Given the complexity and increasing interdependence of supply chain networks, a broader perspective beyond a simple binary relationship is needed to analyse the impact of supply chain networks on firms. Based on social network theory, this study aims to explore the relationship between firms’ network position in the supply chain network and digital transformation, as well as the moderating effects of structural holes and network partners’ digitalisation. Design/methodology/approach This study analyses a sample of Chinese A-share companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges for the period 2011–2020 using regression analysis to test hypothesised relationships. Findings A firm’s centrality in the supply chain network is positively related to its digital transformation, and that the firm’s structural holes and the level of network partners’ digitalisation can both strengthen the positive influence of network centrality on digital transformation. Moreover, the heterogeneity analysis reveals that the positive effect of firms’ network centrality on digital transformation is more pronounced in non-SOEs and upstream firms. Practical implications In the pursuit of digital transformation, firms should recognise the significance of their position in the supply chain network and enhance their capability for information and resource acquisition by proactively strengthening their business cooperation with other network members. Moreover, firms should emphasise the value of open networks and their partners in supply chain networks. Originality/value This study applies social network theory to investigate the role of a firm’s external supply chain network in its digital transformation, clarifying the context and boundaries in which a firm’s position in the supply chain network influences digital transformation. The results extend the research and theoretical perspective on digital transformation and the consequences of supply chain networks.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI SISA HASIL USAHA (SHU) KOPERASI, USAHA KECIL DAN MENENGAH (UKM) KALIMANTAN TENGAH

The aim of this research is to determine the factors that influence the remaining results of cooperative businesses in Central Kalimantan province. The dependent variable in this research is Remaining Business Results. The independent variables in this research are Number of Members, Own Capital, Loan Capital, and Business Volume. The data analysis method used is the Error Correction Model (ECM). This research uses secondary data and annual time series data with a research period of 30 years, starting from 1994 to 2023. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that in the long term the number of members and capital themselves have a significant effect on the remaining business results. , while loan capital and business volume have no effect on the remaining business results. In the short term, the number of members and own capital do not affect the remaining business results, while loan capital and business volume influence the remaining business results.

Efektivitas Studi Kelayakan Bisnis dalam Meningkatkan Penjualan Kentang di Koperasi Aspi Daranata Agro Priangan

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of business feasibility studies in improving potato sales at the Aspi Daranata Agro Priangan Cooperative. Conducting feasibility assessments plays a pivotal role in the growth and expansion of cooperative businesses, but their impact on cooperative performance has not been widely studied. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through interviews, observation and documentation. The results show that the business feasibility study conducted by the Aspi Daranata Agro Priangan Cooperative was effective in increasing potato sales. This is reflected in increased sales volume, expanded market reach and increased member satisfaction. Through the feasibility study, the cooperative can identify market potential, evaluate marketing strategies and allocate resources more optimally. The insight gained from this work highlights the requirement to empower the skills of cooperatives in conducting business feasibility studies on a regular basis to support business sustainability and member welfare.

Performance Analysis of the Village Unit Cooperative (KUD) “Suka Makmur” Using the Balanced Score Card

This study aims to analyse the performance of the village unit cooperative (KUD) “Suka Makmur” using the Balanced Scorecard instrument because cooperatives must be run with good management by implementing Good Corporate Governance (GCG). Therefore, it is necessary to measure the performance of cooperatives that focus on financial and non-financial performance. This research was conducted from July to October 2023 at the KUD “Suka Makmur”. Mixed methods are used for primary and secondary data. According to the results of research on customer and membership perspectives, it shows that the existing membership at the KUD “Suka Makmur” totals 1,978 people, where the 2021-2022 membership comparison has no cooperative members who have resigned. Second, the financial aspect shows that the results of financial ratios (liquidity, solvency, and profitability) of the KUD “Suka Makmur” are in good condition, the third aspect of the cooperative business is related to the business of buying and selling FFB, UKM Mart, agricultural production facilities unit and savings and loan unit. According to the fourth learning and growth perspective, there are efforts made by cooperatives aimed at improving the ability of cooperative human resources through cooperative training and education, as well as assistance from the Ministry of Cooperatives and the West Tanjung Jabung Cooperative Office.

Strategic plans on the context of business excellence models and its financial impact: the case of the Cavendish banana grower cooperatives

PurposeThis study was conducted to assess the alignment of the strategic plans of the Cavendish banana grower cooperatives to business excellence models (BEMs) and to determine its financial impact to elucidate the performance of the respective cooperatives. This is anchored on the primary objectives of cooperative business sustainability, expansion and sustained competitiveness, all of which are significantly impacted by the strategic plans. The BEMS establish the parameters that are useful in determining how well the strategic plans correspond.Design/methodology/approachQualitative and quantitative methods were used in this study. Strategic plans and audited financial statements (FS) for calendar year (CY) 2021 and 2022 of two Cavendish banana grower cooperatives in Region XI on the context of BEMs were evaluated and examined using the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award and Philippine Quality Award. Of the seven criteria, only five were considered as follows: organizational profile, leadership, strategy, workforce, process and result. The first four were taken from strategic plans, while result was from audited FS.FindingsThe strategic plans of the two cooperatives selectively satisfy some of the sub-criteria of each of the four criteria. Furthermore, the cooperatives followed the usual basic contents of and briefly presented in the strategic plans the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis, strategic objectives, plans, targets and timelines. This suggests that the cooperatives are not familiar with the BEMs which could be attributed to the educational qualifications of the directors and officers, or possibly not introduced by the Cooperative Development Authority (CDA). On the financial performance, one cooperative has impressive records but generally had lower performance in 2022 compared to 2021.Research limitations/implicationsThis study covers only Cavendish banana grower cooperatives particularly located in the Southeastern part of Mindanao (CDA, 2021) in the Philippines where people are mostly of similar culture. This does not represent much diverse culture; thus, this may work only in organizations with similar culture. In other industries or organizations where cultural diversity occurs, there may be a need to conduct study to determine the level of adoption of BEMs by the cooperatives. On the other note, the samples are very limited that generalizability cannot be made. Conducting a similar study involving many cooperatives is suggested.Originality/valueThis study explores the alignment of the Strategic Plans of the Cavendish banana grower cooperatives to BEMs which has long been neglected.

Implementing the Resource Nexus approach: the contribution of internationalising German businesses

The Resource Nexus is an approach to sustainably manage environmental resources by considering the interlinkages, trade-offs and synergies between them. While a lot is known about this Resource Nexus framework and the impact this has on sustainable development and politics, far less is known about the technological, economic, and political situation required for the implementation of this approach. This paper considers the role of international business cooperation between German and Sub-Saharan African firms in facilitating this implementation. It explores the major barriers faced by German businesses looking to work in Sub-Saharan Africa and analyses the work of the German Außenhandelskammern (German Chambers of Commerce Abroad) as a replacement for the networks that are commonly seen as vital to business internationalisation. The findings have far-reaching implications for German and Sub-Saharan African politics, for business practices, and for the work of intermediary organisations looking to facilitate the internationalisation, as well as for those actors looking to implement a Resource Nexus approach across the world.

Analysis of the Influencing Factors of Netroots Carrying Goods

Live streaming sales by web celebrities is a hot topic that is receiving increasing attention in todays society. Some scholars believe that it is mainly developed by the combination of web celebrity economy and e-commerce live streaming. Based on the literatures search and the concepts summary, this article mainly focuses on the factors which affecting the live streaming sales by web celebrities. Nowadays, with the popularity of e-commerce live streaming, a lot of enterprises are hard to survive in the cruel market just rely on traditional sales methods, they began to explore a new way to sell goods by e-commerce live streaming. On the other side, live streaming sales with web celebrities received very significant results, as a result, nowadays more and more enterprises choose to cooperate with web celebrities. Factors affecting live streaming sales by web celebrities have multiple dimensions, such as personal qualities of web celebrities, business cooperation strategies etc. The author hope that the conclusion of this article can provide some ideas to the entrepreneurs who choose to sell goods by live streaming.

The White privilege of self-determination in entrepreneurship: how educational supports pipeline White students into business ownership

Worker cooperative entrepreneur spaces are predominantly White despite these companies building the foundation of their business model on equity and sustainability. While some studies have investigated racism in entrepreneurship development, no in-depth study has investigated White privilege in this space. Therefore, this study used a qualitative critical narrative analysis approach to explore White privilege in the entrepreneurship journeys of six White individuals who formed a worker cooperative business. Findings suggest that formal and informal educational experiences fostered four themes of White privilege in entrepreneurship: belongingness and competence in privileged entrepreneurship identity, resource-rich support systems, anti-meritocracy perceptions of competence, and privileged psychology of wealth. Findings suggest that educational spaces foster basic psychological needs of intrinsic motivation required for entrepreneurship, however, racialized gatekept access to these spaces perpetuates racial disproportionality in entrepreneurship. This article concludes with situating findings within self-determination theory and discussions of study limitations, implications, and future directions.

Optimalisasi Partisipasi Anggota Koperasi Mahasiswa Melalui Digitalisasi Layanan Serta Potensi Pengembangan Bisnisnya

The demand to transform conventional systems into ones that utilize digital platforms is inevitable. Digital transformation is crucial, especially in the customer service sector, to facilitate transactions for consumers. The opportunity to undertake digital transformation within cooperatives is wide open due to the rapid technological advancements today. The specific objective of this research is to understand how the digitalization of services conducted by student cooperatives contributes to enhancing member participation, and also to identify the potential for the development of student cooperative businesses. This research is conducted at the Student Cooperative of Economics Education in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi. Informants for this study consist of cooperative advisors, management members, cooperative members, and alumni who were members of the cooperative. Data collection for this research was obtained through three methods: observation of the research location, interviews with the informants, and literature review. Data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions are the methods used to analyze the qualitative data obtained from interview results. The research findings reveal that the student cooperative management has taken initiatives to optimize member participation, such as developing the "KopmaKu" application, attempting collaboration with third-party cooperative application developers, and working towards implementing Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) as a payment system. Student cooperative business units have significant potential to provide benefits and opportunities for alumni. These cooperatives serve not only as places for purchasing essential items, but also as platforms for collaboration, empowerment, and connections between students and alumni. The student cooperative business units can serve as a strong bridge between students and alumni. Alumni can collaborate with students in various aspects, including the provision of products or services, training, and even funding.

The Effectiveness of Updating Data on Small and Medium Industrial Business Actors in the Industrial Sector at the Cirebon City Cooperatives, Small and Medium Enterprises, Trade and Industry Office

The development of Science and Technology (IPTEK) affects various aspects of human life, including in the context of organizations and government agencies. In Cirebon City, the management of Small and Medium Industries (SMEs) by the Trade and Industry Small and Medium Business Cooperative Office faces challenges in updating data that has not been fully computerized. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to evaluate the effectiveness of the IKM data update process. The study results show that the number of SMEs is increasing every year, although there are still obstacles, such as incomplete information and manual processes that slow down efficiency. The application of digital technologies, such as applications for data collection and update, is proposed as a solution to improve the efficiency and accuracy of processes. It is hoped that better data updates, facilitated by digital technologies, can significantly support the development of the creative economy of Cirebon City through the identification of more appropriate needs and opportunities, as well as the optimization of government programs in the SME sector.

Reconstruction of the Mudharabah Financing Agreement at Bank Syariah Indonesia

This research was motivated by the lack of maximum mudharabah financing due to the high risk experienced by Islamic banking. In addition, Islamic banks are extra careful in channeling mudharabah financing. This study aims to find out what the results of the reconstruction of mudharabah financing look like. Relating to rebuilding the mudharabah contract, the aims and practices align with what is determined in accordance with the basic principles of Islamic banking. Researchers use qualitative phenomenological approaches that are descriptive, analytical and inductive. This research seeks to explore data to find the basics of phenomena, reality and experience. This research uses documentary studies and studies of theories to explain and conclude the problems raised. This research is descriptive, which means it describes or describes a situation, symptoms, and events. In this case, to find out problems related to the status of Islamic banking as shahibul mal in the mudharabah contract that occurred at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) Regional South Sulawesi. From various related information, from references that discuss mudharabah transactions and their application in Islamic banking that occur at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) South Sulawesi Regional. This study concluded that the reconstruction carried out at BSI still did not go as expected. There are still many obstacles faced, including in determining profits. Meanwhile, the mudharabah contract applied at BSI is free from maysir, gharar, and usury elements—Mudharabah financing practices. The profit-sharing ratio given to mudharabah financing benefits both banks and customers. Profit sharing system where operational costs must reduce the profit earned by the fund manager and must also return the funds provided by shahibul maal therefore the profit obtained by the mudharib is by what is agreed. Various customers have felt this financing because customers who previously did not have the capital to do business with this financing customers can have capital provided by the BSI Regional South Sulawesi Bank. In practice, the distribution of profits between the two parties is based on a pre-agreed ratio. The ratio is the share of business profits for each party whose amount is determined based on the agreement. The partnership relationship in mudharabah financing is a collaboration between shahibul maal to provide funds. In contrast, the other party, mudharib, provides his mind, energy, and time to manage the cooperation business. The most important element in mudharabah financing cooperation is trust. This belief is mainly from shahibul maal to mudharib. Shahibulmaal should act as a supervisor to the mudharib to avoid business risks. The author advises BSI always to supervise customers when managing funds provided by banks in order to create transparency between the bank and customers. The bank should analyze the character and ability of prospective customers first before providing financing to customers to run a business and manage the funds provided by the bank, in order to minimize losses obtained by shahibul mall and can establish transparent cooperation and in accordance with Islamic economic principles

Sustainability Analysis of the Revolving Fund Program of the LPDB (Revolving Fund Management Institution): MICMAC Method Approach

The importance of access to credit for micro, small, and household craft enterprises, including cooperatives, has become a major focus in improving working capital financing and capital accumulation to support industrial income. The government through the LPDB (Revolving Fund Management Institution) has launched a revolving fund program that aims to strengthen the capital base of cooperatives, increase the capacity of human resources in business and financial management, and increase the role of cooperatives in expanding employment opportunities and reducing poverty. According to data from the Cooperative Business Development Division of the Denpasar City MSME Cooperative Office, from 2021 to 2023, there were five cooperatives that received the LPDB revolving fund program, but did not consistently reapply for the funds. This raises concerns regarding the sustainability of the program and the factors that influence it. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the sustainability of the LPDB program for cooperatives in Denpasar City. Using the MICMAC (Matrix of Cross Impact Multiplications Applied to a Classification) analysis method, this study reveals that the revolving fund administration requirements and members' information and knowledge about the revolving fund have the most significant direct influence. These findings underscore the importance of simplifying the administrative process and improving member knowledge to ensure the success of the program. In addition, active member participation emerged as an important predictor of program sustainability, highlighting the importance of members' direct involvement in supporting their economic activities. Thus using this method can uncover critical factors, and provide a comprehensive understanding that can inform policy adjustments and strategic implementation to improve program sustainability.

Disalignment as a Practice of Sequence Management in Catering Business Investment Consultation

As science and technology continue to advance, telemarketing has become increasingly prevalent. Observations reveal that clients regularly produce sequentially disjunctive turns that generally deviate from the salesperson’s promotional agenda during telephone consultations. This clearly affects the normal interaction between the salesperson and the client, potentially reducing the likelihood of collaboration. Based on corpus data, we first present the overall sequential structure of business consultation calls, which helps salespeople clarify their interactive tasks. Additionally, this paper summarizes the interactional functions of disaligning responses, such as skipping particular phases of interaction, controlling the topic of interaction, and doing disaffiliation. This study aims to help salespeople better understand client needs, take control of the conversation, foster harmonious interactions, and ultimately achieve business cooperation.

The Contribution of Employees on The Cooperative Businesses

The role of cooperative is important for Indonesian Economic, especially for low and medium level of society incomes. This study investigates the contribution of employees on cooperative business. The study objects are secondary cooperatives where their members are primary cooperatives. The sample were selected based two criteria, as such (1) the cooperative businesses were active and (2) the cooperative performed members’ annual forum since last three years. Out of 22 secondary cooperatives in the Riau Province, there were six of them satisfied the criteria. The respondent of this study is cooperative boards and employees. The study conducted for six months, from October of 2022 to April of 2023. This study findings indicated that role cooperative boards on the cooperative business development were 71% which were more dominant compared to those of employees which was only 29%. The cooperatives’ businesses did not develop at all and nearly stagnant since last three. Almost all Indicators which were growth of assets, internal equity, business’ volume, and net profits, applied in this study were negative. Low role (contribution) of the employees on the cooperative business development, seen main cause of the bad cooperative financial performances. This study concluded that, in descriptive approach, there weas relation between employees’ contribution and cooperative businesses performances. For the cooperatives to develop in the future, the role/contribution of the employees need to be increased.

Service recommendation in JointCloud environments: An efficient regret theory-based Qos-aware approach

With the proliferation of data-intensive applications, there arises an urgent demand for a substantial amount of cloud services to meet their requirements for data analysis. This globalized yet cooperative business landscape necessitates new cooperative models across the world. JointCloud, as a novel cross-cloud cooperation computing model, takes the first step towards establishing an evolving cloud ecosystem where all cloud service providers could collaboratively serve globalized computation needs. The collaboration among various cloud service providers enhances both the availability and Quality of Services(QoS) of cloud services, enabling a cloud service provider to concurrently serve users with differentiated QoS requirements. This unique characteristic further complicates the problems of QoS-aware service recommendations, rendering conventional approaches obsolete and inefficient. Thus, there is an urgent need to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the service recommendation method, which is of vital importance for the JointCloud environment. In this paper, we present a two-stage efficient regret theory-based service recommendation method for the JointCloud environment. In the first stage of our proposed method, we cluster the cloud service providers to reduce the choice space to improve the efficiency of cloud service recommendations. In the second stage, we meticulously identify the most appropriate services within one cluster. To enhance the overall rationality of service recommendation, we introduce a subjective and objective combined weighting method and a regret theory based ranking method. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our approach can facilitate fast and accurate service recommendations.

Research on the Differences of Business Culture Among Southeast Asian, South Asian and Chinese Enterprises

With the continuous development of global economic integration, the business connection between Southeast Asia, South Asia and China is increasingly close. However, there are some differences in the business culture of these regions, which are crucial for the successful conduct of business activities. The purpose of this paper is to study the differences between the business cultures of Southeast Asian, South Asian and Chinese enterprises, explore the impact of these differences on business cooperation, and put forward some suggestions for cross-cultural management.

Digital and Green Transitions and Automotive Industry Reconfiguration: Evidence From Japan and China

Digital and green transformations are causing a reconfiguration of the automotive industry. Exploring the factors that cause this is the first aim of this article. This is achieved by examining the evolving automotive industry in East Asia from three different perspectives, each of which offers insights into the implications of this reconfiguration for the states, industries, and companies involved. Having reviewed the debate on the role of institutions and factors affecting the global value chain (GVC) reconfiguration, a descriptive analysis of trends in the Japanese and Chinese new energy vehicle (NEV) industries and the related dynamics of the traditional automotive value chain is conducted. An in-depth analysis of Toyota and Honda shows how partnerships with Chinese information and communications technology and NEV firms contribute to the greening and hence reconfiguration of their industry. This analysis provides insight into how the state’s “external” role in the process of GVC formation is being challenged by economic security vulnerabilities related to the emerging NEV industry, thereby inviting further discussion on new dimensions of state–business co-operation.

Artificial intelligence in state and municipal management: challenges and prospects

Relevance. In the modern world, artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the fastest growing areas of information technology, which is increasingly penetrating into various spheres of human activity. In the context of public and municipal management, AI is a technology that is able to automate and optimize work processes, improve the quality of services provided to citizens, and increase the level of security and transparency of government work.The purpose is to analyze the possibilities and risks of using artificial intelligence in state and municipal management, as well as to determine the prospects for its development in this area.Objectives: to analyze the advantages of using artificial intelligence in state and municipal management; to study the risks and challenges associated with its implementation; to analyze trends in the development of artificial intelligence in this area, as well as to determine the prospects for its use.Methodology. Empirical, theoretical, statistical and graphical representation methods were used in the course of scientific research.Results. The study revealed the advantages of AI in public administration (improving efficiency, improving the quality of services, transparency, security); risks and challenges were studied (lack of infrastructure, risk of privacy violations, problems of transparency of algorithms, risk of discrimination); trends in the development of AI were analyzed (e-government, optimization of workflows, personalization of services, monitoring of social media, security); the prospects of using AI (smart cities, virtual assistants, hybrid systems, decision support, cooperation with business, international cooperation) have been identified.Conclusions. Artificial intelligence can significantly improve the efficiency and quality of public and municipal administration. However, for the successful implementation of AI, it is necessary to solve problems such as the lack of infrastructure and qualified specialists, ensuring data security, transparency of algorithms and compliance with the regulatory framework. To do this, it is necessary to conduct further research, develop integrated approaches and take into account world experience. The prospects for using AI include the creation of smart cities, the use of virtual assistants, hybrid systems, decision support systems, business cooperation and international cooperation.