Cm Increase In Length Research Articles

Peningkatan Inovasi Superlizer Menggunakan Biokatalisator EM4 untuk Mempercepat Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai

Based on data obtained from BPS (Central Statistics Agency) in 2012 the number of farmers is 48% of the total workforce in Indonesia of around 49.8 million people (Alexandratos and Bruinsma 2012 p: 24). This situation is not enough to make Indonesia a prosperous and developed country. This is due to the low level of productivity of agricultural products because it is not supported by the use of good and environmentally friendly fertilizers. Farmers still often use chemical fertilizers which are capable of speeding up the planting period, but on the other hand in the long run it will actually have a risky negative impact. According to BPS dataon fisheries, shrimp production in Indonesia can reach 200,000 tons per year. The shrimp shell contains protein (25% - 40%), chitin (15% - 20%), and calcium carbonate (45% - 50%). The quality of shrimp shell waste based on nutrient content and nutrients is quite good and suitablefor use as liquid fertilizer, but until now this waste has not been used optimally, causing environmental pollution, especially odors and bad environmental aesthetics. The purpose of this study was to determine the process of making liquid organic fertilizer from shrimp shell waste (SUPERLIZER) and the effect of SUPERLIZER on the growth of chili plants. The method used in this study was to use 5 sample experiments with a comparison of the composition of shrimp shells and EM4 bacteria, namely (A) 200gram:100ml, (B) 300gram:100ml, (C) 400gram:100ml, (D) 500gram:100ml, (E) ) 600gram:100ml also used chemical fertilizer and water control which was tested for 10 days. The best results were obtained for sample (E) witha ratio of 600gram:100ml which gave a 5 cm increase in length compared to chemical fertilizers which only gave a 2.8 cm increase in length.
 
 Keywords: shrimp shells; liquid organic fertilizer; EM4 bacteria;

Peningkatan Inovasi Superlizer Menggunakan Biokatalisator EM4 untuk Mempercepat Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai


 Based on data obtained from BPS (Central Statistics Agency) in 2012 the number of farmers is 48% of the total workforce in Indonesia of around 49.8 million people (Alexandratos and Bruinsma 2012 p: 24). This situation is not enough to make Indonesia a prosperous and developed country. This is due to the low level of productivity of agricultural products because it is not supported by the use of good and environmentally friendly fertilizers. Farmers still often use chemical fertilizers which are capable of speeding up the planting period, but on the other hand in the long run it will actually have a risky negative impact. According to BPS dataon fisheries, shrimp production in Indonesia can reach 200,000 tons per year. The shrimp shell contains protein (25% - 40%), chitin (15% - 20%), and calcium carbonate (45% - 50%). The quality of shrimp shell waste based on nutrient content and nutrients is quite good and suitablefor use as liquid fertilizer, but until now this waste has not been used optimally, causing environmental pollution, especially odors and bad environmental aesthetics. The purpose of this study was to determine the process of making liquid organic fertilizer from shrimp shell waste (SUPERLIZER) and the effect of SUPERLIZER on the growth of chili plants. The method used in this study was to use 5 sample experiments with a comparison of the composition of shrimp shells and EM4 bacteria, namely (A) 200gram:100ml, (B) 300gram:100ml, (C) 400gram:100ml, (D) 500gram:100ml, (E) ) 600gram:100ml also used chemical fertilizer and water control which was tested for 10 days. The best results were obtained for sample (E) witha ratio of 600gram:100ml which gave a 5 cm increase in length compared to chemical fertilizers which only gave a 2.8 cm increase in length.
 Keywords: shrimp shells; liquid organic fertilizer; EM4 bacteria;

Barrettʼs Esophagus Length is an Independent Risk Factor for Progression to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: 2017 Presidential Poster Award

Introduction: The risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) increases as nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus (NDBE) progresses to Barrett's esophagus (BE) with low grade dysplasia (LGD) and high grade dysplasia (HGD). Several factors, including characteristic of the BE segment, may increase the risk for progression to EAC. The purpose of this study is to evaluate BE length as an independent risk factor for the development of EAC. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients at a tertiary care center with BE undergoing radiofrequency ablation (RFA) over a 10 year period. The electronic medical record was reviewed to collect the following data: age, sex, age at diagnosis of BE and EAC, pathology, and length of BE segment at initiation of treatment. Results: 301 patients with BE who underwent RFA were assessed. 249 (82.7%) were male. The mean age at BE diagnosis was 62.1 years. The average BE segment length, at initiation of treatment, was 3.52cm (range <1cm to 18cm). 19 patients with intramucosal adenocarcinoma on index endoscopy were excluded. 26 (9.2%) patients progressed to EAC; 5 from NDBE to EAC, 2 from indefinite for dysplasia to EAC, 5 from LGD to EAC, 14 from HGD to EAC. In patients that progressed to EAC, the average BE segment length was 6.08cm (±4.48) compared to 4.72cm (±3.25) in patients that did not develop EAC. In a logistic regression model adjusted for sex and the number of RFA treatments, we found that length of BE segment was a significant independent predictor of progression to adenocarcinoma (OR=1.16, 95%CI: 1.03-1.30). Conclusion: BE is a known risk factor for EAC. BE with LGD and HGD carries a higher risk for EAC than NDBE. Our study suggests that patients with longer segments of BE, regardless of the presence of dysplasia, are at increased risk for progression to EAC. For every 1cm increase in length of BE, the risk for progression to EAC increases by 16%. We suggest that the length of BE along with dysplasia are both important risk factors for EAC and should be carefully surveyed and considered for treatment with RFA.

An Allometric Growth Estimation of Grapes (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Vitis vinifera&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L) from High Mountainous Region of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

Grapes (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>), besides their medicinal and health importance, plays an important role in livelihood of poor populations living across mighty mountain ranges of Himalaya, Karakoram and Hindukush. Allometric study is necessary to understand quantitative correlations of tree growth. Hundred plant samples (n=100) from ten populations (N=10) were studied at an elevation of 1854 meters asl. Ten (N=10) different population studied revealed that mean leaf length is 10.9 cm (max. 13.4, min. 9.1 cm) followed by mean leaf width 8.4 cm (max. 9.3, min. 7.1 cm). total mean leaf area was 92.2 cm² (max. 122.6, min. 70.9 cm²). Mean stem length recorded was 26.8 feet (max. 35, min. 16 feet) followed by mean stem width 8.44 cm (max. 12.8, min. 3.1 cm). one thousand seeds were measured and mean seed weight recorded was 0.043 mg (max. 0.047, min. 0.039). similarly mean weight of hundred (n=100) seeds recorded was 4.29 g. research was summarized with the fact that stem length grows 98.97% faster than its width increase. Which means 1 cm with increase corresponds almost 100 cm increase in length. Similarly, leaf length increase is 23% higher to its growth in width. Ignorance towards a rich varietal base is on erosion.

Foetal and childhood growth and asthma in adult life

Recent research suggests that asthma may originate through defects in the airway epithelium, acquired in utero, and an altered response to infections after birth. Here, we examine whether asthma in adult life is associated with reduced body size at birth and poor living conditions in childhood. We studied 658 people taking medication for asthma in a cohort of 13 345 men and women born in Helsinki, Finland, during 1934-1944. Their body and placental size at birth, and their living conditions and growth in childhood, had been recorded. The odds ratios for asthma were 0.93 (95% CI 0.89-0.97, p = 0.001) per cm increase in birth length and 0.92 (0.89-0.96, p < 0.001) per cm increase in the length of placental surface. After allowing for size at birth, growth during childhood was unrelated to asthma. People who were born into families of low socio-economic status were at increased risk of later asthma. Slow linear growth in utero, which could be a result of impaired placentation, increases the risk of later asthma. Slow linear growth may be associated with impaired development of the airways. Babies with impaired lung development born into families of low socio-economic status may be most vulnerable to the disease.

Predictors for Neoplastic Progression in Patients With Barrett's Esophagus: A Prospective Cohort Study

Patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) have an increased risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). As the absolute risk remains low, there is a need for predictors of neoplastic progression to tailor more individualized surveillance programs. The aim of this study was to identify such predictors of progression to high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and EAC in patients with BE after 4 years of surveillance and to develop a prediction model based on these factors. We included 713 patients with BE (≥ 2 cm) with no dysplasia (ND) or low-grade dysplasia (LGD) in a multicenter, prospective cohort study. Data on age, gender, body mass index (BMI), reflux symptoms, tobacco and alcohol use, medication use, upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy findings, and histology were prospectively collected. As part of this study, patients with ND underwent surveillance every 2 years, whereas those with LGD were followed on a yearly basis. Log linear regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with the development of HGD or EAC during surveillance. After 4 years of follow-up, 26/713 (3.4%) patients developed HGD or EAC, with the remaining 687 patients remaining stable with ND or LGD. Multivariable analysis showed that a known duration of BE of ≥ 10 years (risk ratio (RR) 3.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-7.8), length of BE (RR 1.11 per cm increase in length; 95% CI 1.01-1.2), esophagitis (RR 3.5; 95% CI 1.3-9.5), and LGD (RR 9.7; 95% CI 4.4-21.5) were significant predictors of progression to HGD or EAC. In a prediction model, we found that the annual risk of developing HGD or EAC in BE varied between 0.3% and up to 40%. Patients with ND and no other risk factors had the lowest risk of developing HGD or EAC (<1%), whereas those with LGD and at least one other risk factor had the highest risk of neoplastic progression (18-40%). In patients with BE, the risk of developing HGD or EAC is predominantly determined by the presence of LGD, a known duration of BE of ≥10 years, longer length of BE, and presence of esophagitis. One or combinations of these risk factors are able to identify patients with a low or high risk of neoplastic progression and could therefore be used to individualize surveillance intervals in BE.

Ilizarov distraction-lengthening in congenital anomalies of the upper limb

Nine patients underwent Ilizarov distraction-lengthening for congenital anomalies. All were late cases and had undergone other procedures. In five radial club hand patients with very short forearms, we achieved an average 5.8 cm increase in length with each distraction cycle. In two patients with symbrachydactyly of the cleft hand type, we achieved pinch grip between a radial and an ulnar digit by lengthening the short ray. Another case of the monodactyly type in which we tried to lengthen three transplanted proximal toe phalanges ended in failure. A soft tissue distraction was attempted in a case of camptodactyly but failed. We report the problems we encountered and suggest some solutions.