Clusters In Russia Research Articles

RESEARCH OF THE MOST IMPORTANT RUSSIAN FEDERATION TERRITORIAL INNOVATIVE CLUSTERS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT THEIR STRATEGIC POTENTIAL IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PROJECT APPROACH

The article considers domestic and foreign experience of organization and development of innovative territorial clusters. The countries-leaders in the field of cluster initiatives are defined and the comparative characteristic of the most indicative practices of clustering of the States of Europe, Southeast Asia and America is given. This work is a continuation of the study of the theory and practice of clustering regions of the Russian Federation and reflects the geography of the Russian territorial clusters, their specialization, belonging to a particular industry, as well as the relationship between the results of regional development and the presence on their territory of innovative clusters. The implementation of the pilot project of innovative clustering in Russia served as a starting point for the formation of a group of leading clusters on a number of individual performance indicators and scale of activity. The analysis of the performance of the most important territorial innovation clusters in Russia allowed to determine the possibilities and prospects of effective use of their strategic potential in the context of the project approach to regional development. In this regard, the emphasis is placed on the need for organizational changes within the clusters associated with the involvement of private business in the implementation of large-scale projects and programs, and its further sustainable cooperation with the public sector through the mechanism of public-private partnership for the most effective achievement of commercial and public goals.

Composite Cluster as a Factor of Aerospace Brach Development in Perm Krai

In today’s economy competition is getting severe not only on between companies, but also on the level of territories. This is why clusters in both developed countries and in Russia are becoming the new way of getting competitive advantages through creation of new highly qualified labour options, through innovative entrepreneurship development and closer cooperation of capital and science. The authors of this article carry out the analysis of the already existing clusters from the standpoint of their efficiency and applying the methodology of the European Cluster Observatory as well as several other approaches developed by Russian researchers. As of today the map of clusters for Russian Federation shows a very insignificant number of clusters in the field of new materials and technologies. Thus, this article suggests a structure for an aerospace composite cluster for Perm Krai. This region already has several innovation clusters, and this is why there is already a certain organizational and intellectual potential for this new cluster. During spring 2016 the government of Perm Krai was discussing the decision on this new structural unit – a composite cluster, however, detailed research on its potential structure has not been carried out. Basing on the available demand of the local market and evaluation of the parameters of the already successful industrial and innovation clusters in Russia we suggest here the strategic guidelines for the discussed cluster development until 2020.

Control over funding for innovation territorial clusters in Russia

Control over funding for innovation territorial clusters in Russia

Cluster Policy in the Russian Federation: A Сase Study of Industrial Clusters

Abstract The article describes cluster policy in the Russian Federation regarding industrial clusters. In the first part, the authors explain the definitions of basic concepts related to clusters that are used in Russia, the features of cluster policy in the light of European experiences, and bring closer the Russian literature on the subject. In the second part, they distinguish and describe five stages of cluster policy in Russia. In the third part, they present basic quantitative data describing clusters in Russia, including their spatial diversification, the number of entities creating clusters, employment, etc. A particular role of the state in creating clusters and subsequent cluster policy programs is described, paying attention to their low efficiency.

Implementation of megaprojects for the creation of tourist clusters in Russia based on the concept of energy efficiency and sustainable construction

The article deals with the application of sustainable construction concept within implementation of megaprojects of tourist clusters development using energy saving technologies. The concept of sustainable construction includes the elements of green construction, energy management as well as aspects of the economic efficiency of construction projects implementation. The methodical approach to the implementation of megaprojects for the creation of tourist clusters in Russia based on the concept of energy efficiency and sustainable construction is proved. The conceptual approach to the evaluation of the ecological, social and economic components of the integral indicator of the effectiveness of the megaproject for the development of the tourist cluster is provided. The algorithm for estimation of the efficiency of innovative solutions in green construction is considered.

Intervention as Virtue, Obligation and Moral Duty

During its 2008 intervention in Georgia, Russia justified its actions by appealing to its responsibility to protect compatriots, civilians and soldiers. At the international level, such justification was refuted on both legal and normative grounds. However, during the Crimean crisis of 2014, Russia yet again resorted to the same kind of rhetoric, even though the Crimean case provided even less grounds for making such justification convincing for the international audience. I argue that Russia’s rhetorical choices, instead of being a mere smokescreen for the Kremlin’s realpolitik, are symptomatic. They stem from the tensions in Russia’s political identity. Out of three semantic clusters in Russia’s responsibility discourse, only one – responsibility as moral duty – enjoyed overwhelming support among its main target audience (domestic population). I suggest that the continued references to its legal and international systemic responsibilities, puzzling for international audience, were epiphenomenal to Russia’s successful appeals to its moral duties at home.

Industrial clusters in Russia: The development of special economic zones and industrial parks

Abstract This paper investigates the process of developing and implementing special economic zones (SEZs) and industrial parks in Russia. Governments commonly use SEZ policies to develop and diversify exports, create jobs and launch technology/knowledge sharing. The industrial cluster concept is based on the significance of rivalry and supplier networks within the cluster, the combination of geographical specificities and government policies that lead to innovation and productivity growth. This study reveals that in Russia the government′s approach in developing these initiatives has strongly interfered with business activities and prevented the vital competitive and collaborative behavior of firms within these economic zones.

Legal Provision of Clustering in Russia as Environment for Development of Innovations

The article analyses peculiarities of legal provision of clustering in Russia as environment for the development of innovations. The research is based on the hypothesis that modern economy acquires new features which come out from parallel existence of real and virtual economy; according to this division, possibility for creation of real, virtual, and mixed clusters grows. The article notes that real sustainable economic development and achievement of social stability is impossible without development of business in the sphere of innovations and industrial production. Innovations in the sphere of industry, agricultural production, and other spheres of human activities could be performed under the conditions of optimal and effective legal regulation of relations connected to conduct of innovational activities. The authors offer directions for perfection of legal provision and recommendations for legal optimisation of the process of clustering.

Ways of corporate tax optimisation for cluster entities

The purpose of the article is to verify the offered hypothesis and to determine the perspectives of optimisation of taxation for cluster entities using the example of modern Russia. As evidence base of existence of necessity for tax optimisation in Russia, this article offers determination of connection between tax revenues of the state budget and tax burden on organisations with the help of regression analysis. The authors perform characteristics and determine perspectives of optimisation of tax system of modern Russia, substantiate the necessity for tax optimisation of cluster entities and view corporate tax as a perspective direction of tax optimisation for cluster entities. As a result of the research, the authors come to the conclusion that there is a strong dependence between increase in tax burden on Russian enterprises and reduction of tax revenues into the state budget. High tax burden is one of the barriers of clustering in Russia, as participation in cluster entities reduces possibilities for income concealment and shadow business. Tax optimisation is a perspective direction for solving the problem of shadow economy.

Ways of Corporate Tax Optimization for Cluster Entities

The purpose of the article is to verify the offered hypothesis and to determine the perspectives of optimisation of taxation for cluster entities using the example of modern Russia. As evidence base of existence of necessity for tax optimisation in Russia, this article offers determination of connection between tax revenues of the state budget and tax burden on organisations with the help of regression analysis. The authors perform characteristics and determine perspectives of optimisation of tax system of modern Russia, substantiate the necessity for tax optimisation of cluster entities and view corporate tax as a perspective direction of tax optimisation for cluster entities. As a result of the research, the authors come to the conclusion that there is a strong dependence between increase in tax burden on Russian enterprises and reduction of tax revenues into the state budget. High tax burden is one of the barriers of clustering in Russia, as participation in cluster entities reduces possibilities for income concealment and shadow business. Tax optimisation is a perspective direction for solving the problem of shadow economy.

Legal provision of clustering in Russia as environment for development of innovations

Legal provision of clustering in Russia as environment for development of innovations

Financial transparency in budget sector of economy as a necessary condition of clustering

The purpose of the article is to determine the current state and perspectives of increase in financial transparency in budget sector of economy and its interconnection with the process of clustering using the example of modern Russia. As methodological basis, the work uses the method of regression analysis which allows determining the connection between financial transparency in budget sector of economy and development of clustering in Russia.

Инновационная деятельность кластеров в россии и принципы ее осуществления

Инновационная деятельность кластеров в россии и принципы ее осуществления

Financial Transparency in Budget Sector of Economy as a Necessary Condition of Clustering

The purpose of the article is to determine the current state and perspectives of increase in financial transparency in budget sector of economy and its interconnection with the process of clustering using the example of modern Russia. As methodological basis, the work uses the method of regression analysis which allows determining the connection between financial transparency in budget sector of economy and development of clustering in Russia.

Innovative potential in the small and medium-sized enterprises regional clusters in Russia

Accelerated development of small and medium-sized enterprises is necessary for dynamic regional growth. The fastest growth of small and medium-sized enterprises takes place in clusters. However, clusters of small and medium-sized enterprises are usually engaged in the simplest activities, do not implement innovations. The purpose of the article is to identify and evaluate the innovative potential of existing clusters of small and medium-sized enterprises in the regions of Russia. A research method is the comparative analysis, trend and index analysis, case-method, methods of statistical information processing. The study found a low level of innovation activity in clusters of small and medium-sized enterprises. Their impact on the qualitative development of the regional economy is severely limited. The main reason is weak internal innovation potential and lack of integration with innovation generators. Technological entrepreneurship is developing poorly. The size of the cluster of small and medium-sized enterprises is insufficient to form the infrastructure and elements of the innovation system. Innovative institutions can be formally included in the cluster, but there is no real interaction. Consequently, existing clusters of small and medium-sized enterprises solve only a limited number of specific tasks. Objective advantages of the cluster (positive effects of territorial concentration, diffusion of innovations, collective interactions) need to be complemented by elements of a regional innovation system. The development of the innovative potential of clusters of small and medium-sized enterprises requires interaction with the research and development sector, development institutions, the state, and public organizations. In addition, specific support is required for innovative activity of clusters of small and medium-sized enterprises. Under these conditions, clusters of small and medium-sized enterprises can positively affect the quality of economic growth in the territories.

Проблемы формирования спортивных кластеров в России

Formation of sports clusters in Russia is an expedient solution to the problems of modern sports education. The organization will also allow the cluster to increase the competitiveness of the state sport. In the view of the authors to create a sports cluster, you must pay special attention to the establishment of diagnostic centers.

Tourism clusters in Russia: What are their key features? The case of Vologda region

Purpose This paper aims to review tourism cluster initiatives in Russia, particularly, tourism cluster formation processes, and investigate the role of local and federal government in promoting domestic tourism destinations with the help of tourism clusters. Design/methodology/approach This paper is formulated using a case study approach based on the lessons learned and the common practices in the Vologda region of the Russian Federation. Some results and key findings from field research were also used in the paper, as well as analysis of local and federal government activities, in attempting to promote domestic tourism in Russia. Findings Based on the analyses of the case study and review of common practices of tourism cluster creation and management, the paper draws on a review of the Vologda tourism cluster and profiles its main characteristic features: The context of “cluster” in Russian economy; Vologda tourism cluster was created by state initiative; Vologda tourism cluster indeed has its unique set of local (natural) competitive advantages; The rights of private companies (cluster members) are only consultative; Considerable funds are allocated by the Russian Federal Government and local government to cluster development; Vologda cluster is in an initial stage of formation, by the number and composition of members, Vologda cluster could be defined as a small cluster; There are no established cluster-specific quality of service standards; There is no defined cluster core in Vologda cluster; Cluster efficiency is measured by a set of metrics (gain in number of tourists, hotel rooms, etc.); Among the factors limiting Vologda cluster development, disunity on the federal and local government levels is substantial. Research limitations/implications This paper is currently limited in scope to the Vologda region case study and some results and key findings from field research selected by the researchers. The conditions for the selected case studies may not be identical in other Russian tourism clusters and locations (such as the Altay region cluster), and thus, the findings cannot be applied to other Russian tourism clusters without comparison studies. Originality/value The main output of this paper is a review of Russian tourism cluster formation and development based on the example of the Vologda region. It is of value to practitioners, researchers, policymakers and other stakeholders specializing in cluster research and tourism cluster development.

Uncovering Regional Clustering of High Technology SMEs: Russian Case

The Soviet Union predetermined Russia’s economic activity’s location patterns. While the main forms of industry organization were territorial production complexes (TPC) - networks of industrial organizations united by a single technological process, - switch to the market economy in the early 90s destroyed economic ties within the TPC, leading to fragmentation of large enterprises and formation of a number of independent firms. Some scientists believe that this situation over the last 20 years could serve as a necessary foundation for clusters’ formation. Nowadays interest in clusters in Russia is rekindled due to the need to find new support mechanisms for production and innovation in a stagnating economy. The Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation has initiated a project to support pilot territorial innovation clusters with infrastructure formation funding.The aim of this work is to identify clusters as areas of geographical concentration of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in high technology sector. Authors also try to check, whether existing cluster initiatives comply with the actual concentration of high-tech SMEs and whether there is any potential for new cluster initiatives. The present paper analysis exploits modified methodology, based on localization index.The study provides tables and maps, reflecting small and medium businesses concentration in Russian regions using evidence from high and medium-high technology industries. The authors empirically confirm the existence of traditional and well-known clusters and identify new concentrations of firms in Russia. This useful information can be used for policy advice.

Industrial Clusters in Russia: The Development of Special Economic Zones and Industrial Parks

This paper investigates the process of developing and implementing special economic zones (SEZs) and industrial parks in Russia. Governments commonly use SEZ policies to develop and diversify exports, create jobs and launch technology/knowledge sharing. The industrial cluster concept is based on the significance of rivalry and supplier net- works within the cluster, the combination of geographical specificities and government policies that lead to innovation and productivity growth. This study reveals that in Russia the government’s approach in developing these initiatives has strongly interfered with business activities and prevented the vital competitive and collaborative behavior of firms within these economic zones.

Сравнительный анализ деятельности специализированных кластерных организаций в Российcкой Федерации и за рубежом

At present, the priority is to cluster development in the formation of the region´s economy. For efficient
 operation of regional clusters in Russia and abroad are specialized organizations that coordinate their work.