Close Family Relationships Research Articles

Dominikia bonfanteae and Glomus atlanticum, two new species in the Glomeraceae (phylum Glomeromycota) with molecular phylogenies reconstructed from two unlinked loci

Examination of morphological characters of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; phylum Glomeromycota), which produced clusters with glomoid spores in single-species cultures, suggested that they were undescribed species, one belonging to the genera Dominikia, Microdominikia or Kamienskia, and one to the genus Glomus. Phylogenetic analyses of the nuc rDNA small subunit (18S), internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) and large subunit (28S) (= 18S-ITS-28S) region, of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1) gene, as well as of concatenated sequences of these two loci (18S-ITS-28S + RPB1) confirmed our hypotheses and proved that both fungi were new species, here described as Dominikia bonfanteae sp. nov. and Glomus atlanticum sp. nov., respectively. In nature, D. bonfanteae was found in a plant community on the shore of Kokotek pond II (Lubliniec in the Silesian Upland, Poland). Glomus atlanticum originated from the Dunes of Aguda Park (Northern Portugal). The phylogenetic position of these new species and their close family relatives within the Glomeraceae were compared and discussed depending on the sequence alignment analysed. This paper for the first time shows the phylogeny of AMF reconstructed from analyses of two concatenated unlinked loci: 18S-ITS-28S plus RPB1. The partial RPB1 gene of D. bonfanteae was amplified using newly designed primers.

Happiness Among Urban Poor Filipino Families

Filipinos are generally observed to display happiness despite the experience of poverty. However, limited researches have been done to support or explain such observation. The purpose of the study was to examine the level of happiness among selected Filipino families who were living below the poverty line. The study also identified the families’ sources of happiness and the actions they take to experience happiness. A qualitative research design was used. Twenty urban poor two-parent families were the subjects of the study. The Family Subjective Happiness Scale was administered to the families to determine their level of happiness. In depth-interviews were used to examine the families' sources of happiness and the actions they take to be happy. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The results showed that most of the poor families were either happy or very happy. The primary sources of happiness of the families include good family relationship, family togetherness, having children, faith in God, and good health. On the other hand, learning to be content, finding ways to solve their problems, engaging in leisure activities, and developing optimism were the things that the families do to achieve or experience happiness. Despite being poor, the families were happy mainly because they have close family relationships and are contented with their lives. The study provided valuable contribution to understanding why Filipino families show happiness despite poverty.

Social engagement technologies and their use among grandparents and adult grandchildren

Abstract The quality of close family relationships can affect the health and well-being of older adults. Further, research suggests that relationships between grandparents and adult grandchildren can have a positive impact on the lives of each generation, particularly regarding social and emotional support. Social engagement technologies may provide new opportunities for older adults to foster and maintain family relationships, including those between grandparents and adult grandchildren. The current cross-sectional study examined associations between the use of social engagement technologies and health and well-being outcomes in 177 younger adults (M = 26.67, SD = 7.83; 81.4% female) and 202 older adults (M = 71.09, SD = 8.17; 77.8% female). Social technology use was assessed through five mediums that are used to enhance social connectivity (e.g., e-mail, social network sites, online video or phone calls, instant messaging, and smartphones). Higher use of social engagement technologies was associated with better self-rated health, subjective well-being, and social support among younger and older adults. Interestingly, social technology use was associated with less depressive symptoms only for older adults (r=-.26, p<.05). There was, however, no correlation between social technology use and loneliness at the bivariate level. Of all five media, only smartphone use was correlated with more positive evaluations of the grandparent-grandchild relationship. After controlling for age, both grandparent-grandchild relationship quality and social technology use were associated with better self-rated health, subjective well-being, and social support for grandparents and adult grandchildren. Key messages Taken together, these findings indicate the need for a nuanced perspective on the benefits of social engagement technologies. More research is needed to explore the use case for social engagement technologies among older adults and their family members.

The Effect of COVID-19 on Anxiety, Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Psychosocial Determinants

The study anonymously screened patients with anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) associated with the novel viral pneumonia (COVID-19) pandemic from June 2020 to July 2020. Effective respondents came from 12 countries and five WHO response areas. Psychosocial factors including gender, personality, family support, and exercise are analyzed. Female, and who has mental disorder history is considered a significant risk factor for anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Conversely, people with the personality of optimistic, close family relationships and daily exercise are considered to have fewer psychological symptoms when coping with COVID-19, including anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These results may help to optimize mental health services during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, taking into account various psychosocial factors such as gender, personality, family support, and exercise.

Relationship quality and 5-year mortality risk.

The present study examined positive and negative aspects of relationship quality with one's spouse or partner as predictors of mortality and the role of gender in moderating this link. Data were drawn from 2 waves, 5 years apart, of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N = 1,734). Positive aspects of relationship quality (frequency of opening up to the partner to talk about worries and relying on the partner) and negative aspects (frequency of the partner making too many demands and criticism by the partner) were assessed. Survival/mortality status was recorded at the time of Wave 2 data collection 5 years later (1,567 alive; 167 deceased). Covariates included sociodemographic variables, relationship type, health status, and the network size of close family relationships and friendships. Logistic regression analyses showed that negative relationship quality with one's spouse or partner was associated with significantly higher odds for mortality after 5 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20, 95% CI [1.03, 1.38], p < .001), after including the statistical covariates. Also, age, gender, education, self-rated health, and medication use were significantly related to mortality. Propensity score matching replicated these findings. Follow-up analyses revealed that criticism from one's spouse or partner, in particular, was linked to a higher mortality risk (OR = 1.44, 95% CI [1.10, 1.88]). Gender did not moderate the relationship-quality-mortality link. Negative relationship quality, notably, criticism received from one's spouse or partner, heightens older adults' risk of mortality. These results suggest the value of developing interventions that target reducing expressed criticism in couple relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Accounting for differences in linkage disequilibrium in multi-breed genomic prediction

The lack of improvement in prediction accuracy in multi-breed genomic evaluation can be due to the (a) inconsistency in allele substitution effects across breeds, (b) the absence of close family relationships between breeds and (c) between-breed differences in linkage disequilibrium (LD) between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and quantitative trait loci that influence a trait across breeds. The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of improvement in prediction accuracy by accounting for the LD phase differences in a multi-breed reference population. Prediction accuracy was compared in three different scenarios. Scenarios had separate or combined reference population. In the proposed method, when reference population of two breeds were combined, subset of common SNPs between two breeds with high and similar LD phases were identified. Then, A Bayesian Ridge regression model was used to estimated effects for two set of SNPs, SNPs with similar LD phase in both breeds and the remaining SNPs. Results showed that simple pooling of two reference population into a single reference population did not improve prediction accuracy compared to a separate reference population of each breed. However, accounting for LD phase differences in two breeds, improved prediction accuracy compared to separate training and simple pooling of reference populations. This can be appealing for small populations (e.g., beef) that often have relatively small reference population and a combined genetic evaluation is usually performed on multiple breeds.

La red de apoyo: Una herramienta esencial para el desempeño escolar del estudiante

Reviewing various authors it was found that in order for a student to perform better in the educational field needs support from both teachers and their family, that is why the research question arises. How does teaching guidance intervene in the family structure? This work is of a perimental type, an instrument consisting of 66 variables of which 6 are signatory variables was developed and the rest constitute the phenomenon to be studied, the instrument was applied to 144 subjects. The database obtained was worked on the statistical levels of characterization, correlation and integrational analysis processed in the Statistica and Spss program. Among the main results was that the family is an important factor in the student's teaching orientation since if the student has close family relationships, where they feel loved and accepted they have a positive effect on the student's school performance.

KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING EPILEPSY AMONG NURSES IN ASUTIFI NORTH DISTRICT

Background: Epilepsy is one of the world’s oldest known brain disorders among several medical conditions. A recent study has indicated that 70 million people are estimated to suffer from this disease. Despite the increase education and health care, some health professionals continue to linger in darkness about cause and treatment options of the disease.Purpose. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding epilepsy among nurses within the Asutifi North District with the aim of understanding their subjective experiences and knowledge on epilepsy in a socio-cultural context and how their attitude shaped their practice towards people with epilepsy.Methodology. The study employed an exploratory descriptive cross-sectional design with 102 participants using a standard statistical formula. Data was collected using a paper based semi-structured self-administered questionnaire and analysis was by STATA version 12.Results. Findings showed that 67.7% (69/102) of the nurses were aware of the causes of epilepsy whereas 59.8% have low level of knowledge on the disease. Results indicated that 82.4% of the nurses suspect PWE have mental illness, 70.6% of the nurses had positive attitude towards epilepsy. The socio-demographic characteristics of religion (Muslim) (p=0.017), area of speciality (RMN) (p=0.045) as well as close family relationship with epilepsy (p=0.001) were significantly associated with knowledge on epilepsy. Factors that were found to influence attitude towards epilepsy were sex (Female) (p=0.037) and religion (Muslim) (p=0.012). However, specialty area (RMN) (p=0.054) did not statistically impact on the study. Nurses at the Asutifi North District therefore tended to have low knowledge and positive attitude on epilepsy. It is important to improve training and health care delivery for epilepsy.Recommendation. The Ghana Health Service in collaboration with the Ministry of Health should run intermediary workshops, at least every six months, to train nurses in epilepsy diagnoses to reduce the treatment gap. The health directorate should raise awareness and educate the communities on epilepsy to reduce stigma. Enhancing nursing education and training on epilepsy by the Ministry of Health and its agencies is imperative to improving health care delivery for people living with the disease

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING EPILEPSY AMONG NURSES IN ASUTIFI NORTH DISTRICT

Purpose: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding epilepsy among nurses within the Asutifi North District with the aim of understanding their subjective experiences and knowledge on epilepsy in a sociocultural context and how their attitude shape their practice towards people with epilepsy. Methodology: The study employed an exploratory descriptive cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of nurses who have been licensed by the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Ghana and working in government facilities. The exclusion criteria were private health facilities, non-trained health professionals and other health professionals without nursing background, and student nurses on clinical attachment during the period of study in the district. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants from the communities. A standard statistical formula was used to arrive at a sample size of 102. Data was collected by using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics involving frequencies and percentages were used in representing data. Responses on other items were cross-tabulated. The statistical tool that was used for analyzing the data was by STATA version 12.Results: Findings showed that 67.7% (69/102) of the nurses were aware of the causes of epilepsy, 59.8% have low level of knowledge on the disease. Though 82.4% of the nurses suspect people with epilepsy to have mental illness, 70.6% of the nurses had positive attitude towards epilepsy. However, 52.9% exhibited poor practices towards the disease. The socio-demographic characteristics of religion (Muslim) (p=0.017), area of specialty (RMN) (p=0.045) as well as close family relationship with epilepsy (p=0.001) were significantly associated with knowledge on epilepsy. Factors that were found to influence attitude towards epilepsy were sex (Female) (p=0.037), religion (Muslim) (p=0.012) and specialty area (RMN) (p=0.054). The area of specialty statistically influences their practices on epilepsy (p=0.001). There was no statistically significant association between knowledge on epilepsy and practice (p=0.134). However, attitude significantly related to practices on epilepsy (p=0.008) and indicated that negative attitude was more likely to be associated with poor practice.Conclusion: Nurses at the Asutifi North District tended to have low knowledge, positive attitude and poor practices on epilepsy.Recommendation: The Ghana Health Service in collaboration with the Ministry of Health should run intermediary workshops, at least every six months, to train nurses in epilepsy diagnoses to reduce the treatment gap. The health directorate should raise awareness and educate the communities on epilepsy to reduce stigma. Enhancing nursing education and training on epilepsy by the Ministry of Health and its agencies is imperative to improving health care delivery for people living with the disease.

KOSAKONIA SP. PROTEOLYTIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM RUMEN AND RETICULUM OF ACEH CATTLE

The aim of this study was to identify proteolytic bacteria from the ruminal and reticulum fluids of aceh cattle based on the 16S rRNA gene. Samples used were ruminal and reticulum fluids of aceh cattle slaughtered in Abattoir of Aceh Besar. Samples were diluted and cultured into Skim Milk Agar medium at 39 C for 48 hours. The morphology of bacterial colonies growth in the medium was observed. Colonies resulted in the largest clear zone were isolated and used for Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) isolation, 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. Theresults showed that morphology of dominant colonies was yellowish white color, round shape, position on the agar surface. The results ofphylogenetic analysis of RS1 and ReS2 isolates isolated from rumen and reticulum fluids of aceh cattle respectively had a close familialrelationship and belonged to the bacterial group of Kosakonia. Sequence homology showed isolate RS1 and ReS2 are probably either newEnterobacteriaceae species or unconfirmed species. Halo zone produced by ruminal bacteria had a wider diameter (25 mm vs 20 mm) than thatcaused by reticulum bacteria). Based on the results, RS1 (bacterium in the rumen) and ReS2 (bacterium in the reticulum) belong to similar type, namely Kosakonia sp. with a proteolytic activity. Presumably, these bacteria originate from the rumen that enters the reticulum with degraded feed.

Within-Family Transmission of Alcohol Use Disorder in Parent-Offspring, Sibling, and Cousin Pairs: A Contagion Model.

To determine whether alcohol use disorder (AUD) is transmitted within families as predicted by contagion, we examined parent-offspring, siblings, and cousin pairs ascertained from Swedish registries with a primary case with AUD. Our outcome variable was AUD registration in at-risk secondary cases. In offspring, risks for AUD registration in the 3 years after a parental index registration residing in the same household, neighborhood, or municipality increased by 1.6%, -0.5%, and 0.3%, respectively. For siblings of sibling index cases, parallel results were 3.2%, 1.2%, and 0.3%. For cousins of cousin index cases, no excess risk was seen for those residing in the same neighborhood or municipality. In siblings, AUD transmission was stronger in same versus opposite sex pairs and from older to younger versus younger to older siblings. These results support the hypothesis that AUD is transmitted among close family relationships and over limited geographical distances by a temporally dynamic contagion model.

A comparison of sociodemographic and psychological characteristics among intended parents, surrogates, and partners involved in Australian altruistic surrogacy arrangements

To characterize the sociodemographic and psychological profiles of participant groups involved in altruistic surrogacy in Australia. Cross-sectional study. Single psychological practice in Sydney, Australia. Six hundred and two individuals involved in 160 altruistic surrogacy arrangements: 143 intended mothers, 175 intended fathers (including 17 same-sex intended father couples), 160 surrogates, and 124 surrogate partners. None. Responses to a presurrogacy sociodemographic assessment counseling protocol and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). The surrogates were primarily sisters, sisters-in-law, mothers (48.6%), or other extended family or friends (46.3%) of the intended parents. Most participants resided in residential postcode areas within the highest socioeconomic status quintile; however, intended mothers were more likely than surrogates to live in the most advantaged residential areas, to be younger and be more educated, and to be employed in professional occupations. Most participant psychological profiles were normal. A statistically significantly elevated PAI Somatic Complaints-Health Concerns subscale for intended mothers was observed compared with other participant groups. The higher PAI Warmth scale scores of intended mothers and surrogates were statistically significantly different from their respective partners, although not different from each other. Sociodemographic and some psychological differences between participant groups were observed that warrant exploration in pretreatment surrogacy counseling. Importantly, the higher scores on the PAI Warmth scale exhibited by intended mothers and surrogates in the context of close family and friendship relationships are likely to serve as protective mechanisms for the altruistic surrogacy outcome.

The Impact of Affect Phobia Therapy (APT) on Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD)—Evaluating Three Case Studies

In this commentary on the important cases of "Carey," "Michelle," and "Mary" conducted by Dr. My Frankl (Frankl, Wennberg, Berggraf, &amp; Philips, 2020), I begin with some general considerations on the importance of assessment and case formulation in Affect Phobia Therapy (APT) and how these considerations impact on the experiential interventions of APT. Next I specifically review Frankl’s three case studies, with a focus on: how Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is embedded in close family relationships; the connection between AUD and affect regulation; the role of feelings of shame in AUD; individualizing and adjusting APT treatment based on feedback from ongoing therapy; Frankl’s activation of transference feelings; the issue of sobriety before treatment; activating inhibitory affects and maladaptive defenses; Frankl’s missing some moments of connection; and an example of Frankl’s conducting the two-chair technique skillfully and successfully. I end with a proposal for enhancing Frankl’s narrative analysis with two methodologies from APT: the "Ten-Session Summary Form," and the micro-analytic coding approach of the "Achievement of Therapeutic Objectives Scales" (ATOS).

„Gawędy o utraconym gnieździe – Boży Rok”. Wspomnienie Anny Jałbrzykowskiej z Ujazdu

“The Stories of a Lost Nest – The Year of God”. The Memory by Anna Jałbrzykowska from Ujazd The paper contains an excerpt of a manuscript by Anna Jałbrzykowska (1908–1990) titled: “The Stories of a Lost Nest – the Year of God”. The text was written in 1972 and soon afterwards it was bought to be added into the manuscript collection of our Library, in which the author used to work for a short time before the outbreak of War. It comprises of a description of pre-war economics, daily life and house practices present in the manor house in Ujazd, located 14 km from Kraków, owned by the Jałbrzykowscy family since 1884 until 1945, when it was taken from them by the Polish communists. After this confiscation, the author, who studied humanities, was for many years working in the Jagiellonian Library, where she was accepted as an employee despite her then improper social background and a close family relationship between her and a prominent priest, archbishop of Vilnius Romuald Jałbrzykowski. The value of the presented source is both its recollective nature and interesting persons who visited the Jałbrzykowscy’s manor (priest professor Tadeusz Kruszyński, Tetmajerowie, Jan Bisanz) as well as the nostalgic, literary nature of the memories: the image of the world and lifestyle typical for the nobility living in a manor house which are gone, not so much due to natural economic development but because of the Polish communists rule.

The social psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical staff in China: A cross-sectional study.

The COVID-19 outbreak required the significantly increased working time and intensity for health professionals in China, which may cause stress signs. From March 2-13 of 2020, 4,618 health professionals in China were included in an anonymous, self-rated online survey regarding their concerns on exposure to the COVID-19 outbreak. The questionnaires consisted of five parts: basic demographic information and epidemiological exposure; occupational and psychological impact; concerns during the episode; coping strategies; and the Huaxi Emotional-Distress Index (HEI). About 24.2% of respondents experienced high levels of anxiety or/and depressive symptoms since the COVID-19 outbreak. Respondents who worried about their physical health and those who had COVID-19 infected friends or close relatives were more likely to have high HEI levels, than those without these characteristics. Further, family relationship was found to have an independent protective effect against high HEI levels. Their main concerns were that their families would not be cared for and that they would not be able to work properly. Compared to respondents with clear emotional problems, those with somewhat hidden emotional issues adopted more positive coping measures. About a quarter of medical staff experienced psychological problems during the pandemic of COVID-19. The psychological impact of stressful events was related to worrying about their physical health, having close COVID-19 infected acquaintances and family relationship issues. Therefore, the psychological supprot for medical staff fighting in the COVID-19 pandemic may be needed.

Ordinary Yet Emblematic: The Transnational Correspondence Between an American GI and His Sweetheart during the Korean War

Operating on the core premise of microhistory, that the lives of ordinary people are endowed with explanatory power for a specific period or event in history, this article analyses the war-time letters from the 1950s written by an American serviceman and his girlfriend, later wife, during the Korean War. The author addresses methodological concerns regarding implications that the unique characteristics of personal letters have on the utilization of them as primary source material in historical and biographical writing, in addition to reflections on the author’s close familial relationship to the historical subjects and how this impacts the overall objectivity of the article. An analysis of the letters demonstrates how the couple developed various techniques to mitigate the effects of distance and how they coped with the pervasive sense of uncertainty and fear that consumed Cold War America. This study broadly contributes to the existing life writing literature by demonstrating how a life writing approach, when applied to a particular moment in history, can be utilized in historical study to tell a previously untold part of that particular moment.

Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: An Exploratory Study of Their Experience of Family Relationships and Coping With the Illness.

The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore familial patterns that may be related to type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and to patients' ways of coping with the illness. A purposive sample of 32 Israeli Jewish (n = 12) and Arab (n = 20) individuals with T2DM were recruited from a community population and interviewed about their familial experiences and their illness. Interview data were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Many participants, particularly from the Arab society, reported familial patterns that suggest fused relationships and emotional cutoff. They described highly close and positive family relationships, on one hand, but demonstrated unwillingness to share their difficulties with their family members, on the other hand. Precipitating stressful or traumatic events and day-to-day stress appeared as leading perceived causes of the illness. Maintaining an appropriate lifestyle, stress reduction, and family support were the main coping strategies with the illness. The findings suggest a possible avenue in which fusion with family members and inability to attenuate emotional distress by sharing difficulties with others may contribute to the development of T2DM. Assessment of such family dynamics and ways of coping with stress could lead to more appropriately nuanced treatment for individuals with T2DM and prediabetes.

The Family Archives as a Source for Estate’s Daily Life Reconstruction on Left-bank Ukraine in 19th Century

The issue of documents’ study from a family archive for estate’s daily life reconstruction on Left-bank Ukraine within 19th century is considered in the paper for the first time. A base for the scientific exploration was Galagan’s family archive that represented a regional community, particularly Ukrainian nobility with the origins from kozaks’ high-ranking officers. The collection is characterized by the high level of documents preservation, various typological groups’ existence that are created by Galagan’s family as well as by the persons connected with the family during the imperial stage of Ukrainian history. The fact permits to consider a country estate in the light of multi-level daily practices of Ukrainian nobility within the elaborate system of social and cultural connections. The aim of the issue was to determine the significance of informational and meaningful potential of Galagan’s archive for analysis and reconstruction of estate’s daily life as a center of Ukrainian nobility’s economic and cultural practices within the determined time and space limits. The author demonstrates that several meaningful existential layers of estate’s daily life as well as the nobility in general have been reconstructed according to Galagan’s archive materials. Among the recreated notions are estate’s setting; family relationships, connections with peasants and hired workers; the way of housekeeping under historical circumstances; general awareness of social and political events outside an estate; reconstruction of close family relationships; intellectual and spiritual decoration of Ukrainian nobility’s country estates. Each of the presented layers is recreated on the ground of texts analysis from one typological group as well as by information comparison from various typological sources. The documents consideration has highlighted a fact of private and public spheres’ intersection on the base of estate’s daily life. The results of presented study can be used in historical exploration of various social groups’ daily routine in Ukraine, family biography’s reconstruction within the context of social history, country estate consideration as an original historical and cultural phenomenon under the realities of 19th century. The issue is based on an original author’s conception.

Characterization of Adolescent Pregnancy and Legal Abortion in Situations Involving Incest or Sexual Violence by an Unknown Aggressor.

Background and Objectives: In pregnancies resulting from incest, the adolescent maintains close family and emotional relations with the aggressor, different from what occurs when pregnancy results from sexual violence by strangers. Evidence indicates that this type of relationship with the aggressor may interfere in the dynamics of such violence and the adolescent’s access to health services. Materials and Methods: The objective of this research was to describe and correlate aspects associated with pregnancy when resulting from rape of adolescents in situations of incest; rape when perpetrated by an unknown aggressor and an abortion as allowed by law was sought. Method: A cross-sectional, epidemiological study of adolescents treated at the Pérola Byington Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil, bringing an allegation of pregnancy, resulting from sexual violence and a request for abortion as allowed by law. A total of 311 adolescents, being 134 in the “pregnancy from incest group”, and 174 in the group “pregnancies resulting from rape by a stranger” were considered under the study variables; relationships were investigated using the chi-squared test and Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: The study included 137 cases (44.1%) of pregnancy resulting from incest, and 174 cases (55.9%) of pregnancy from rape by a stranger. In cases of incest, a declaration of religion (92.0%) was significantly more frequent, and the adolescents were approached in spaces considered safe or private (92.7%); the aggressor taking advantage of the adolescent’s legal condition of vulnerability as a function of age (83.3%). Cases of incest presented a lower median adolescent age and greater gestational development, with gestations being ≥ 13 weeks prevailing. Conclusion: Cases of pregnancy by incest presented indicators suggesting both proximity and relationship with the aggressor, and pregnancy at a very early age, which postponed the adolescent’s procurement of health service, and interfered negatively with abortion assistance as allowed by law.

Identifying and Enhancing Meaningful Relationships for Individuals with ASD: The Socially Playful Genogram

ABSTRACTThe socially constructed genogram allows clients to include individuals to whom they are emotionally close, which may include both biological relatives as well as others. While identifying important close family relationships may be difficult for some, those with an autism spectrum disorder may experience even more difficulty defining and describing relationships that are meaningful to them. By integrating the play and socially constructed genogram, individuals who are often developmentally delayed can more elaborately discuss obscure topics such as close relationships and boundaries and how to enhance specific relationships. This paper presents one such intervention, the socially playful genogram.