Clonorchiasis Research Articles

Survey analysis of Clonorchis sinensis infection of fish and shrimp and people awareness of prevention in Shaoguan, Guangdong

Objective To understand the Clonorchis sinensis infection situation of freshwater fish and shrimp in Shaoguan city, and the public's awareness and prevention awareness of Clonorchiasis , we provide scientific basis for the relevant departments of Shaoguan City to carry out the prevention and treatment of Clonorchiasis . Methods The questionnaire survey about the prevention and control awareness of clonorchiasis was carried out through the network. The samples of freshwater fish / shrimp were collected from four areas in Shaoguan city from May 2018 to November 2018, and metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis were detected by tissue compression method. SPSS 21.0 software was used to process and analyze the data. Results The total detection rate of metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis was 29.55%. The detection rate of freshwater fish (1.78%) was lower than that of freshwater shrimp (58.70%) ( P <0.01). There was a significant difference ( P <0.05) in the detection rate of metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis among the four area in Shanguan. The highest detection rate was Renhua area (37.50%). The detection rate of fresh water fish / shrimp in the market (39.96%) was higher than that in the wild (2.20%). There was a significant difference between market and wild ( P <0.01). The public's awareness rate of Clonorchis sinensis was 67.35%, and there were statistical differences in the awareness rate among different age groups and different education levels, which were ( χ 2 = 19.411, P <0.05) and ( χ 2 =39.624, P <0.05). The history of eating “Sashimi” was 25.77% (101 persons), and the active susceptible group was 30.87%. Conclusion Freshwater fish and shrimp in some areas of Shaoguan City have a certain degree of Clonorchiasis infection. The public has insufficient attitudes and prevention awareness of Clonorchiasis . Active prevention and control measures of Clonorchiasis should be actively carried out, and the prevention awareness of the people should be strengthen. 摘要：目的 了解广东省韶关市区淡水鱼虾感染肝吸虫囊呦情况, 以及群众对肝吸虫病的认知和防范意识, 为韶 关市相关部门开展肝吸虫病的防治工作提供科学依据。 方法 采集韶关市内4个地区淡水鱼/虾样本, 采用组织压片 法检测囊呦；通过网络随机对群众进行问卷调査分析了解群众防控意识;应用SPSS 21.0统计学软件处理和分析数 据。 结果 肝吸虫囊呦总检出率为29.55%, 淡水鱼检出率 (1.78%)低于淡水虾(58.70%), 两者差异有统计学意义( P <0.01)。韶关市内4个地区之间的肝吸虫囊呦检出率差异有统计学意义( P <0.05), 检出率最高的地区是仁化县 (37.50%)。市售淡水鱼/虾的检出率(39.96%)高于野生的淡水鱼/虾(2.20%), 两者差异有统计学意义( P <0.01)。群众 对肝吸虫病的知晓率为67.35%, 不同年龄组间和不同文化程度间的知晓率差异有统计学意义( χ 2 =19.411, χ 2 =39.624, P <0.05)。调査显示, 有吃生鱼虾史的101人, 占25.77%, 有吃生鱼虾意愿人群占30.87%。 结论 韶关市内部分地区的 淡水鱼虾存在一定程度的肝吸虫囊呦感染, 群众对肝吸虫病防范态度和意识存在不足, 应积极开展有效的肝吸虫病防 控措施, 加强群众防范意识。

Clinical analysis of 15 children with trematodiasis

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of children′s trematodiasis in order to enhance the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods The medical history, clinical manifestations, results of laboratory examination, conditions of diagnosis and treatment of 15 confirmed different types of children with trematodiasis from 2002 to 2017 in Shanghai Children′s Medical Center were retrospectively analyzed. Results Seven cases had eaten raw or undercooked freshwater crab, and 2 cases often drank raw stream or caught crabs.Five cases had polyserositis such as pleural effusion, ascites and pericardial effusion in different degrees.The eosinophil counts of 11 cases(73.3%) and IgE of 10 cases(76.9%) increased.Fifteen cases, trematodiasis serum antibody tests were positive, and 1 case′s fecal clonorchiasis was positive.Fifteen cases were improved by praziquantel. Conclusion The clinical characteristics of childhood trematodiasis are complex and atypical.Trematodiasis should be understood more deeply for clinician to avoid misdiagnosis.Praziquantel is a safe and effective drug for trematodiasis. Key words: Trematodiasis; Clinical features; Children

Diagnosis and treatment of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a rare tumor arising from epithelia of bile duct, with a better prognosis compared with common cholangiocarcinoma. IPNB can occur anywhere along the biliary tree, and cause the dilation of the bile duct and acute cholangitis. Recent large case series of this peculiar disease in the far eastern countries showed greater incidences of hepatolithiasis and clonorchiasis compared with Western series. According to the immunochemistry features, IPNB can be classified into four subtypes, pancreaticobiliary, intestinal, gastric and oncocytic types. The pancreaticobiliary type is the most common and is usually associated with invasive lesions. Patients without distant metastasis can undergo surgical resection, surgical procedures include pancreaticoduodenectomy, hemihepatectomy, segmental liver resection and liver transplantation, and regional lymphectomy is necessary. Key words: Bile tract neoplams; Papillary neoplasms; Diagnosis; Therapy

Role of apoptosis in hepatic injury of rat and patients with Clonorchis sinensis infection

Objective To investigate the liver injury and pathological changes of rat and patients with Clonorchis sinensis(C, sinensis) infection, and to clarify the role of apoptosis in the injury induced by C. sinensis.Methods Wistar rats were divided into two group: 60 in infection group and 20 in control. The rats in infection group were infected with C. sinensis via oral feeding encysted cercaria;rats in control group were fed with normal saline. The rats were sacrificed 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks after infection, respectively. Liver tissue specimens of the patients infected with C. sinensis were collected. The pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by light microscopy and the apoptofic rate of hepatocyte was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay. Results Parasites and eggs could he seen around the bile duct, and the duct was associated with mucosa and adenoma papillary hyperplasia, wall thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration, a small amount of fibrous tissue hyperplasia, and periportal liver cells surrounded by a number of nuclear condensation, all these changes meant morphological characteristics of apoptosis. Apoptotic rates of liver cells in infection group 4, 6,8 and 12 weeks after infection were (7.15 ± 1.50)%,(11.61 ± 3.09)%,(13.21 ± 3.47)% and (11.26 ± 4.06)%,respectively, which was significantly higher than that in control group [(2.57 ± 0.72)%, (3.17 + 0.77)%, (3.67 ±0.96)% and (2.84 ± 0.87)%, t values were 4.45, 5.49, 5.95 and 4.74, respectively, all P < 0.01]. Conclusions These findings indicate that C, sinensis can stimulate both hepatoeytic apoptosis and degeneration which may he related to clinical manifestations and liver lesions in patients with clonorchiasis. Key words: Clonorchis sinensis; Infection; Apoptosis; Hepatoeyte

Diagnostic value of Sj26, Sj32 and Sj14-3-3 coding gene of Schistosoma japonicum amplified by PCR

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of coding gene of Sj26, Sj32 and Sj14-3-3 amplified by PCR for chronic Schistosomiasis japonica. Methods The DNA was extracted from sera of 40 patients with chronic Schistosomiasis japonica, the coding gene of Sj26, Sj32 and Sj14-3-3 was amplified by PCR and identified by 1.2% agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA from the sera of 21 patients with Clonorchiasis sinensis, 13 patients with Parogonimiasis westermani and 43 healthy donors was taken as control. Results A total of 399 bp coding gene of Sj14-3-3 was amplified successfully from sera of the patients with chronic Schistosomiasis japonica,but Sj26(676 bp) and Sj32( 1270 bp) coding gene were not obtained. Control groups were all negative. Conclusions Sj14-3-3 coding gene amplified by PCR can be used for genetic diagnosis of chronic schistosomiasis. Key words: Schistosomiasis japonica; Polymerase chain reaction; Gene therapy

Preliminary application of recombinant protein Sj-Ts4 in immunodiagnosis of Schistosomiasis japonica

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of the recombinant protein Sj_Ts4 in immunodiagnosis of Schistosomiasis japonica.Methods Seventy-four blood samples of schistosomiasis japonica patients(acute, chronic and advanced)were used for evaluating the sensitivity.Blood samples from 24 Clonorchiasis patients,8 patients with hookworm infections and 30 normal persons from the areas without Schistosomiasis were used ror patients.Results The positivity rates were 97.1%(33/34),100.0%(16/16),87.5%(21/24)in rSj-Ts4-ELISA and 100%(34/34),100.0%(16/16),75.0%(18/24)in SjAWA-ELISA in acute,chmnic and advanced Schistosomiasis. respectively.Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in sensitivity(X2=1.23,P＞0.05)between both recombinant and crude antigens.The false positive reaction was found to be 6.7%(2/30)in rSj-Ts4-ELISA and 3.3%(1/30)in SjAWA-ELISA when detected in 30 cases of normal control sera.but no statisticallv significant difference was noted(x2=0.35,P＞0.05).Twelve point five percent(3/24),20.8%(5/24)and 12.5%(1/8),37.5% (3/8),of cross-reactions were observed between rSj-Ts4-ELISA and SjAWA-ELISA for detecting the sera of patients with clonorehiasis and hookworms.There was no significant difference of cross-reaction in two parasitic infections (x2=0.60,1.33,P＞0.05)with the two tests.Conclusions The rSj-Ts4 antigen shows higher sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of Schistosomiasis japonica,which is helpful in the serological diagnosis of Schistosomiasis japonica in endemic areas. Key words: Recombinant proteins; Schistosomajaponicum; Diagnosis.immunological

Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: Clonorchiasis

Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: Clonorchiasis

CT diagnosis of the clonorchiasis

目的 探讨肝吸虫病的CT表现.方法 回顾性分析80例肝吸虫病的CT表现.结果 80例肝吸虫病患者CT检查均发现肝内胆管扩张,肝外胆管不扩张;肝内胆管轻度扩张47例,中度扩张33例;肝被膜下小胆管囊状扩张60例.结论 肝吸虫病具有较特征性的CT表现。

Surgical therapy for biliary tract diseases with clonorchiasis sinensis in elderly patients

目的 探讨老年人在合并华支睾吸虫感染时胆道疾病的外科治疗特点.方法手术治疗胆道疾病合并华支睾吸虫感染老年患者85例,其中包括胆道结石62例(72.9%),单纯吸虫引起的梗阻11例(12.9%),胆道恶性肿瘤12例(14.1%).合并急性胰腺炎5例(5.9%),其中3例由胆道结石引起,1例由吸虫梗阻引起,1例由胆管癌引起.手术以胆囊切除加胆总管探查和内镜下十二指肠乳头扩约肌切开术(EST)为主.结果良性病变均于术后痊愈出院.12例恶性病变中2例在围手术期内死亡,10例生存期2～6个月.结论老年人华支睾吸虫感染后更易引起相关的胆道外科疾病,外科治疗的同时应注意对吸虫本身的处理。

Haplorchis infections in intermediate hosts from a clonorchiasis endemic area in Meinung, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Snails and freshwater fish were examined from four ponds in the Meinung township in which Clonorchis sinensis was known to be endemic 18 years ago. No metacercariae were found in 478 Tilapia nilotica, whereas of 451 Ctenopharyngodon idellus examined, 16.2%, 3.3% and 0.9% were found to be infected with Haplorchis pumilio, H. taichui and Clonorchis sinensis, respectively. In addition, there were some unidentified metacercariae in 12.0% of Ctenopharyngodon idellus examined. Overall, no positive correlation between infection rates and sizes of infected fish was shown. Six species of snails were collected in this survey and two frequently-occurring snails, Melanoides tuberculata and Thiara granifera were commonly infected with H. pumilio. Reasons for the prevalence of Haplorchis species and the absence of Clonorchis sinensis in fish and snail hosts in a previously reported endemic area for human clonorchiasis are discussed.

Relationship of clonorchiasis and nonulcer dyspepsia analysis of 186 cases

Relationship of clonorchiasis and nonulcer dyspepsia analysis of 186 cases

Clonorchiasis and its complications: cholangiogram revisited

Clonorchiasis and its complications: cholangiogram revisited

Human clonorchiasis in new endemic areas of Taiwan, an epidemiological survey

Intradermal testing with Clonorchis sinensis antigen was performed on students and inhabitants from Hsiou-Lin Hsiang, Hwalien County, the Pescador Islands, Tah-Wu Hsiang, Pintung County and Liu-Kwei Hsiang, Kaohsiung County. A lower positive rate was observed in each area except in Liu-Kwei Hsiang, where a rate of 6.0% was observed amongst inhabitants. Stool examinations were conducted on subjects from the areas described above and included subjects from the Kaohsiung Petroleum Factory, and a specia1 clinic of Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, for parasitic diseases. Two children (0.25%) out of 714 primary school children from Liu-Kwei Hsiang, 59 subjects (2.8%) out of 2,141 workers and 70 (45.8%) out of 153 out-patients of the special clinic were confirmed to have C. sinensis infections. Upon the stool examination of inhabitants from 3 villages of Pintung County, 1) Tsu-Wei Village, Nei-Pu Hsiang, 2) Tou-Lun Village, Tsu-Tien Hsiang, and 3) Sin-Tien Village, Lin-Lo Hsiang, 72 case (10.6%) out of 677, 86 (10.2%) out of 843 and 176 (21.8%) out of 806 cases respectively were found to be infected by C. sinensis. According to the districts of residence and the intensity of infection expressed as eggs per gram feces, both the infection rate and infection intensity of subjects in Sin-Tien Village were significantly higher than the rates in the other two villages. In regard to sex, significantly more males were observed to have the parasite than the females among those 3 villages. This study revealed that the higher the age group of villagers, the more clonorchiasis cases and the greater the incidence of wormand. The infection peak of both males and females was found to be 45 to 54 years of age.

A study of the structure and pathogenesis of ascaris and clonorchis stones.

Calcium bilirubinate stones which may be closely related to parasitic infection have been frequently seen in Taiwan over the past two decades. The structure of parasitic stones, 5 ascaris stones and 4 clonorchis stones, were studies using a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The ascaris stone is formed by the deposition of calcium bilirubinate on either the dead worm or mixed with ova. Both origins can be detected by the study of ascaris stones. Ascaridic cholangitis also contributes to stones formation through the promotion of infected bile and increasing of floating debris. Amounts of mucus mixed with liver flukes and stones can also be found in the gallbladder. Clonorchis ova will mix with mucus and cause stone formation to proceed. Therefore, the clonorchis ova can be found in the matrix of gallstones from the clonorchiasis patient with gallstones. In the mean time, the dead liver fluke can also be a nidus of gallstone formation. It become evident that elements of ascaris or clonorchias such as ova or dead worm can participate directly in the development of the stone formation.

Points: Haemoptysis and clonorchiasis

Points: Haemoptysis and clonorchiasis

Clonorchiasis: Report of two Cases

Clonorchiasis: Report of two Cases