Clonorchiasis Sinensis Research Articles

Value of discriminant analysis for screening of clonorchiasis sinensis

To build a discriminant function of clonorchiasis sinensis using stepwise discriminant analysis, so as to investigate the feasibility of discriminant analysis for clonorchiasis sinensis screening. Ten villages in Mulan County of Harbin City were sampled as the study sites using a cluster random sampling method. The fecal samples were collected from the permanent residents in the study sites and detected for Clonorchis sinensis eggs using the modified Kato-Katz smear technique. A questionnaire of clonorchiasis sinensis was designed. All data were entered into Epidata 3.1, and a discriminant analysis was performed using the software SPSS version 15.0. Variable were screened using the stepwise discriminant analysis, and the discriminant function was built using the Fisher's discriminant analysis method. The effectiveness of the discriminant function for clonorchiasis sinensis screening was evaluated by comparison with the modified Kato-Katz smear method. Eight variables with statistical significance were included to build the discriminant function, including chronic cholecystitis, cholangitis, gender, eating raw fish, abdominal distension, ethnicity, abdominal pain and age, and the correction rate of the discriminant function was 88.75% to identify clonorchiasis sinensis. The discriminant function of clonorchiasis sinensis can be rapidly and simply built based on the strong data processing and analysis capability of the SPSS software, which is rapid to screen clonorchiasis sinensis in Harbin City. Such a function has a high discriminant analysis capability, and provides insights into the establishment of rapid screening of clonorchiasis sinensis in other endemic areas.

Investigation of epidemic status of clonorchiasis sinensis in western regions of Jilin Province

To understand the epidemic status of clonorchiasis sinensis in western region of Jilin Province, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the planning and strategy of prevention and control of the disease. In 2017, the areas where the residents had the customs of eating Sashimi were selected as the research areas in the western region of Jilin Province, and according to the cluster sampling, 25 villages in 25 towns (each village per town) of 5 counties in the region were selected as the investigation points. The basic information of crowd was collected by a questionnaire investigation. The Kato-Katz method was used for etiological examinations. The results were analyzed statistically. A total of 4 980 people in the 25 villages were investigated, and 1 220 people were infected with Clonorchis sinensis. The average infection rate was 24.50%. There was a significant difference among different counties (cities, districts) in the infection rate of C. sinensis (P < 0.01), and the infection rate in Daan City was the highest (53.82%). In addition, there were significant differences between/among the gender, nation, age, educational level, and occupation in the infection rate (all P values < 0.01). The infection rate of the male was higher than that of the female, the rate of Han was higher than that of other ethnic groups, the rate of the high age group was higher than that of the low age group, the rate of the college degree group was higher than that of the other educational level groups, the rate of the cadre was higher than that of the other occupation groups, and the rate of the group who had vermifuge before the investigation was lower than that of the group who did not have vermifuge. The western region of Jilin Province is still the highincidence area of clonorchiasis sinensis. Therefore, the comprehensive control and prevention measures, such as giving vermifuge and health education, should be strengthened in key population and areas in the future.

Clonorchiasis sinensis detected by laparoscopic exploration of biliary tracts in two patients with obstructive jaundice

BackgroundHepatic clonorchiasis is one of the most prevalent food-borne parasitic diseases worldwide. Clonorchis sinensis, the pathogen, is the major parasitic trigger contributing to cholangitis, cholelithiasis, and even cholangiocarcinoma. Unfortunately, unspecific clinical manifestations of patients with hepatic clonorchiasis tend to mislead clinicians to neglect or misdiagnose them, following ignorance of appropriate therapy. Our case report may shed light on definite diagnosis of clonorchiasis with concomitant cholelithiasis, methodology for surgical drainage of the parasites, and postoperative anthelmintic therapy.Case presentationTwo patients with habit of eating infected raw or undercooked freshwater fish were hospitalized due to right upper quadrant pain and jaundice. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)/computed tomography (CT) detection indicated cholangiolithiasis and cholangiolithiasis with concurrent cholecystolithiasis, respectively. Fecal examinations were both negative for adult worms or eggs of parasites. However, adults of Clonrochis sinensis were detected within hepatobiliary tracts during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Postoperative drainage and anthelmintic therapy contributed to complete recovery with good prognosis.ConclusionsClonorchiasis provokes cholangiolithiasis and cholecystolithiasis. Standardized treatments for these gallstone patients with concomitant clonorchiasis include surgical removal of the calculus, postoperative T tubule drainage and anthelmintic therapy. Serological test or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based approaches might be helpful for diagnosis of clonorchiasis when no eggs are found by stool microscopy. Public health promotion on ceasing to eat raw freshwater fish is essential for prevention and control of clonorchiasis.

Modelling the Effects of Snail Control and Health Education in Clonorchiasis Infection in Foshan, China

Clonorchiasis is the most important food‐borne parasitic disease in China. In this paper, a mathematical model of clonorchiasis sinensis is proposed to mimic its transmission dynamics to assess the effects of intervention strategies such as snail control, health education, and chemotherapy. A threshold dynamics in terms of the basic reproductive number R0 has been established; that is, if R0 &lt; 1, the disease dies out and the disease‐free periodic solution is globally asymptotically stable, and if R0 &gt; 1, then the disease breaks out. The effects of different control measures are compared by numerical simulations. The numerical results suggest that it is necessary to strengthen health education and improve faeces management and illustrate that snail control is the most effective way to be implemented in the clonorchiasis sinensis control in Foshan.

Investigation on epidemic status of clonorchiasis sinensis based on inpatients in Zhongshan City, China

Objective To understand the prevalence and epidemiological features of clonorchiasis sinensis based on inpatients in Zhongshan City. Methods All of the 23 town hospitals in Zhongshan City were selected as the surveillance hospitals in 2016. Among the inpatients from those hospitals, those lived in the city longer than 6 months were selected as the surveillance subjects. The stool specimens of the subjects were collected and examined by the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method for the eggs of Clonorchis sinensis. The crude infection rates of C. sinensis of the subjects were standardized according to the age and sex compositions of the population in Zhongshan City, 2016. Meanwhile, the infection rates of the subjects from different towns and those combined with related clinical diseases were analyzed. Results A total of 2 667 people were included in the surveillance, among which 219 were tested as positives, with a crude infection rate of 8.21%. For the positives, the male accounted for 81.74% (179/219), and their age ranged from 4 to 89 years with the mean value of (62.20±13.80) years. After standardization by age and sex composition, the infection rate was 3.62% for the whole population, the rates of the male and the female were 5.46% and 1.53%, respectively, and the former was 3.57 times as high as the latter. Both the infection rates of the male and the female rose as the age increasing (χ2male = 99.91, χ2female = 16.51, both P < 0.01). The standardized infection rates among the subjects in different towns ranged from 0 to 10.40%, and the rates in the north towns were higher than those in the south towns. The standardized rate was 9.22% for the subjects combined with gallstone, 3.40% for those not combined with gallstone, and the former was 2.71 times as high as that of the latter. Conclusion The people aged 30 years and above, with gallstone or living in towns with high C. sinensis infection rates are the key population for prevention and control of clonorchiasis in Zhongshan City.

Investigation of health knowledge and behaviors on clonorchiasis sinensis of urban residents in Yanqing District, Beijing City

Objective To understand the status of health knowledge and behaviors on clonorchiasis sinensis of urban residents in Yanqing District of Beijing City, China, so as to provide the targeted suggestions for further health education. Methods The communities/streets were selected as the investigation sites by using the stratified randomly sampling method. A total of 283 residents were randomly selected and investigated with the structural questionnaire designed by Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The fecal samples were collected and the eggs of Clonorchis sinensis were detected with Kato-Katz technique. Results All of the questionnaires were valid. The awareness rate about clonorchiasis was 25.09%. The rates of knowing clonorchiasis infection route, harm and prevention measures were 10.60%, 9.89% and 10.60% respectively. Totally 7.07% of the residents had the habits of eating raw or undercooked fresh water fish, and 2.47% of the residents had the behavior of eating sashimi. C. sinensis eggs were not found among the research objects. Conclusions The awareness rate about clonorchiasis is low among urban residents in Yanqing District. The focus of the future work is to extensively carry out the health education about clonorchiasis prevention and control and take relevant interventions.

Novel Fluorescent Derivative of Praziquantel Interaction with Clonorchis sinensis Cercariae

Clonorchiasis is a common infection of dogs and other fish-eating carnivores (reservoir final hosts). Praziquantel is the only medicine, which has been recommended by WHO for treatment of clonorchiasis. To investigate the interaction between praziquantel and Clonorchiasis sinensis cercariae, two praziquantel derivatives (PZQ-2 and PZQ-3) and one praziquantel fluorescent derivative (PZQ-5) were have been synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and MS spectra. Confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed that PZQ-5 is mainly located at cercarial tegument, which leads to the death of cercariae with the time increasing.

A review of the control of clonorchiasis sinensis and Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis in China

Clonorchiasis sinensis and Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis are major foodborne parasitoses. Clonorchiasis sinensis is actively transmitted in some areas of China, Korea, Russia, Vietnam, etc. Currently, it is estimated that more than 200 million people are at risk of infection, 15-20 million people are infected, and 1.5-2 million show symptoms or complications. In China, it is relatively heavily transmitted in Zhujiang River Delta, including Hong Kong and Macao, and Northeast China, where many Korean people live. The transmission is related to the unhealthy habits of residents who like to have raw fish or half-raw fish. The infection of Clonorchis sinensis could result in serious liver and biliary system damages, and chronic cases may induce liver and bile duct cancers. T. solium taeniasis/cysticercosis is distributed around the world except the areas where the residents have a taboo against pork for religious reasons. Recent years, the urban inhabitants infected with T. solium/Cysticercus are increasing in China. T. solium results in intestinal diseases, and cysticercosis is a very serious disease, especially nervous system cysticercosis. Its symptoms include headache, epilepsy, sudden death, etc. Health education and health promotion, environmental reconstruction, and chemotherapy are the main control measures for these diseases. Through several decades of efforts in China, the achievements of control of clonorchiasis and T. solium taeniasis/cysticercosis are great. For example, in one of the main clonorchiasis-endemic provinces, Shandong Province, clonorchiasis has been controlled. In 31 T. solium taeniasis/cysticercosis-endemic counties of Henan Province, through a 6-year control program, the decline rates of T. solium taeniasis and cysticercosis were 90.8 and 96.8 %, respectively. This paper reviews the researches on the control of clonorchiasis and T. solium taeniasis/cysticercosis in China past decades so as to provide references for other countries where these diseases are endemic to improve the control or elimination of clonorchiasis and T. solium taeniasis/cysticercosis.

Diagnostic value of Sj26, Sj32 and Sj14-3-3 coding gene of Schistosoma japonicum amplified by PCR

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of coding gene of Sj26, Sj32 and Sj14-3-3 amplified by PCR for chronic Schistosomiasis japonica. Methods The DNA was extracted from sera of 40 patients with chronic Schistosomiasis japonica, the coding gene of Sj26, Sj32 and Sj14-3-3 was amplified by PCR and identified by 1.2% agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA from the sera of 21 patients with Clonorchiasis sinensis, 13 patients with Parogonimiasis westermani and 43 healthy donors was taken as control. Results A total of 399 bp coding gene of Sj14-3-3 was amplified successfully from sera of the patients with chronic Schistosomiasis japonica,but Sj26(676 bp) and Sj32( 1270 bp) coding gene were not obtained. Control groups were all negative. Conclusions Sj14-3-3 coding gene amplified by PCR can be used for genetic diagnosis of chronic schistosomiasis. Key words: Schistosomiasis japonica; Polymerase chain reaction; Gene therapy

&lt;I&gt;Clonorchiasis sinensis&lt;/I&gt; with intrahepatic cholangiectasis as the initial clinical manifestation:a case report

&lt;I&gt;Clonorchiasis sinensis&lt;/I&gt; with intrahepatic cholangiectasis as the initial clinical manifestation:a case report

Surgical therapy for biliary tract diseases with clonorchiasis sinensis in elderly patients

目的 探讨老年人在合并华支睾吸虫感染时胆道疾病的外科治疗特点.方法手术治疗胆道疾病合并华支睾吸虫感染老年患者85例,其中包括胆道结石62例(72.9%),单纯吸虫引起的梗阻11例(12.9%),胆道恶性肿瘤12例(14.1%).合并急性胰腺炎5例(5.9%),其中3例由胆道结石引起,1例由吸虫梗阻引起,1例由胆管癌引起.手术以胆囊切除加胆总管探查和内镜下十二指肠乳头扩约肌切开术(EST)为主.结果良性病变均于术后痊愈出院.12例恶性病变中2例在围手术期内死亡,10例生存期2～6个月.结论老年人华支睾吸虫感染后更易引起相关的胆道外科疾病,外科治疗的同时应注意对吸虫本身的处理。

Development of a rapid, sensitive, dye immunoassay for schistosomiasis diagnosis: a colloidal dye immunofiltration assay

The colloidal dye immunofiltration assay (CDIFA) combines the concepts of the double-antigen sandwich assay, the Dot immunofiltration assay, and colloidal dye-linked antigen technique to produce a new dye immunoassay for antibody detection in schistosomiasis. The CDIFA consisted of soluble egg antigen (SEA) of Schistosoma japonicum coated onto nitrocellulose membrane, mounted on a flow-through test device to provide the assay capture matrix. SEA absorbed to a red colloidal dye, R-3, produced in China, served as the antigen–antibody complex detecting reagents. The results showed that the sensitivity of the CDIFA was 100% in 35 cases of acute schistosomiasis (35/35), 98% in 50 cases of chronic schistosomiasis (49/50). The specificity of the assay was 99.4% in 180 healthy individuals (179/180). The cross-reaction was 13.3% in 30 cases of paragonimiasis, 2.6% in 38 cases of clonorchiasis sinensis and 0% in 20 cases of hookworm infection, 20 cases of fasciolopsiasis and 16 cases of ascariasis. The results were similar to those detected by routine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In a field evaluation of the CDIFA kit, the positivity rate of the CDIFA was 97.5% in 157 cases of schistosomiasis, compared with 91.1% with the circumoval precipitin test (COPT). The dye-labeled SEA conjugate was stable at room temperature for at least 6 months. The results indicated that the CDIFA provided an economic, simple, rapid, robust test for the detection of schistosome infection, suitable for a wide variety of field applications without any instrumentation.

Treatment with 1,4-bis-trichloromethylbenzol (Hetol) in clonorchiasis sinensis

Treatment with 1,4-bis-trichloromethylbenzol (Hetol) in clonorchiasis sinensis

The Use of Purified Antigens in the Diagnosis of Clonorchiasis Sinensis by Means of Intradermal and Complement Fixation Tests

The limited research which has been conducted on the immunodiagnosis of clonorchiasis has yielded equivocal results. Chung and his coworkers used a saline extract of the adult worms in the intradermal and complement fixation tests. Two clonorchiasis and 18 paragonimiasis patients tested with this antigen showed a dermal sensitivity (Chung et al, 1955). The sera from 3 clonorchiasis and 25 paragonimiasis patients gave a positive complement fixation reaction (Chung et al, 1956). The intradermal test with a crude antigen was carried out in 136 infected individuals and 58 negative controls with unsatisfactory results (Hunter et al, 1958). Wykoff (1958) was able to detect antibody response in infected rabbits by the use of an ether extraction of the worms in the complement fixation test. However, even with this antigen, pre-infection rabbit sera reacted to some degree and antibody response had to be evaluated on a relative basis. These few reports based on limited experimentation suggested that further work on this problem was needed, with increased efforts toward the purification of the antigens. Therefore, the experiments reported in this paper were carried out.