Survey Of Clinical Practice Research Articles

An online survey of clinical practice and confidence in diagnosing acquired apraxia of speech in Cantonese speakers

Purpose The assessment and diagnosis of apraxia of speech (AOS) have been well studied in the English context, yet there is limited understanding of the clinical practice in speakers of other languages, like Cantonese. This study aimed to obtain information about the clinical practice of assessment methods and diagnostic criteria used, and confidence in diagnosing, AOS in Cantonese speakers. Method An online survey constructed with Google Forms was completed by 27 speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in Hong Kong. The questionnaire comprised 12 questions covering (a) demographic information, (b) experience working with speakers with AOS, (c) confidence in making AOS diagnosis in Cantonese speakers, (d) assessment tasks or methods used for assessing AOS in Cantonese speakers, (e) clinical features used for diagnostic purposes, and (f) assessment tasks used to determine the presence of clinical features for diagnostic purposes. Result All respondents (100%) made AOS diagnoses based on the observed clinical features, while no respondents made diagnoses using only standardised tests or quantitative measures. Six clinical features were commonly used by most of the respondents: articulatory groping (100%), inconsistent articulatory errors (100%), length effects (85.2%), difficulty initiating speech (81.5%), automaticity effects (81.5%), and sound distortions (77.8%). More than half of the respondents collected connected speech samples (64%), and conducted diadochokinesis (64%) and repetition tasks (64%). The average confidence level of the respondents for making AOS diagnoses was fair (3.63/5). Conclusion The SLPs in Hong Kong make AOS diagnoses based on the observed clinical features that have been reported in the English literature. Although some of the clinical features have been updated as non-discriminatory for AOS, they are still being used for AOS diagnosis in Cantonese speakers. Tendencies were observed with respect to the assessment tasks selected. The fair diagnostic confidence level suggests a need for future investigations of AOS in Cantonese speakers and the development of assessment tools.

Thymic epithelial tumour radiotherapy in the UK: A survey of current clinical practice

Significant variation in treatment centre setup and radiotherapy practice for thymic epithelial tumours (TET) was identified through a comprehensive survey of current UK Clinical (Radiation) Oncology practice. Multi-centre collaboration and wider TET specific multidisciplinary team meetings are needed and will be essential for developing expertise in TET radiotherapy.

An Actionable Expert-System Algorithm to Support Nurse-Led Cancer Survivorship Care: Algorithm Development Study.

Comprehensive models of survivorship care are necessary to improve access to and coordination of care. New models of care provide the opportunity to address the complexity of physical and psychosocial problems and long-term health needs experienced by patients following cancer treatment. This paper presents our expert-informed, rules-based survivorship algorithm to build a nurse-led model of survivorship care to support men living with prostate cancer (PCa). The algorithm is called No Evidence of Disease (Ned) and supports timelier decision-making, enhanced safety, and continuity of care. An initial rule set was developed and refined through working groups with clinical experts across Canada (eg, nurse experts, physician experts, and scientists; n=20), and patient partners (n=3). Algorithm priorities were defined through a multidisciplinary consensus meeting with clinical nurse specialists, nurse scientists, nurse practitioners, urologic oncologists, urologists, and radiation oncologists (n=17). The system was refined and validated using the nominal group technique. Four levels of alert classification were established, initiated by responses on the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite for Clinical Practice survey, and mediated by changes in minimal clinically important different alert thresholds, alert history, and clinical urgency with patient autonomy influencing clinical acuity. Patient autonomy was supported through tailored education as a first line of response, and alert escalation depending on a patient-initiated request for a nurse consultation. The Ned algorithm is positioned to facilitate PCa nurse-led care models with a high nurse-to-patient ratio. This novel expert-informed PCa survivorship care algorithm contains a defined escalation pathway for clinically urgent symptoms while honoring patient preference. Though further validation is required through a pragmatic trial, we anticipate the Ned algorithm will support timelier decision-making and enhance continuity of care through the automation of more frequent automated checkpoints, while empowering patients to self-manage their symptoms more effectively than standard care. RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045806.

JAK inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: results of an international survey of perceptions, attitudes, and clinical practice.

Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are small molecule drugs with demonstrated efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, widespread utilisation may be hindered by safety concerns. This is the first study assessing risk-benefit perceptions and clinical practices of those using JAKi for IBD. A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted using a 23-item survey distributed to IBD healthcare providers worldwide. Of 385 respondents from 48 countries, 72% were tertiary-centre based and 50% were gastroenterologists with ≥10 years experience. JAKi were commonly used outside market authorisation (31%), though many (17%) were unconfident discussing JAKi risk-benefit profile and 7% had never prescribed JAKi. If venous thromboembolism risks were present, 15% preferentially referred for surgery than initiate JAKi; 21% would do this even if the patient was already anticoagulated. For patients relapsing on dose reduction, 8% would switch treatment rather than dose escalate. Conversely, 45% felt that cardiovascular safety concerns from post-marketing studies were irrelevant to IBD. Despite the lack of detailed, long-term safety data, safety profiles of JAK1-selective drugs were perceived to be favourable to tofacitinib by most (62%). The study indicates that while clinical practice appears to be in keeping with international guidance, a significant minority remain deterred by safety concerns.

Dietitian's approach to managing enteral nutrition intolerance when a formula change is indicated: A clinical practice survey.

Enteral nutrition intolerance (ENI) is often defined as one or more gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms related to enteral nutrition (EN) and may have significant impact on patient outcomes. There are multiple strategies to help manage ENI, such as changing the EN formula. The objective of this practice survey was to understand prevalence of ENI, management of ENI symptoms, and EN formula features considered when changing formulas to manage ENI. Canadian clinical dietitians working across care settings (n = 4827) were invited to complete a 28-question online survey if involved in the management of adult and/or pediatric patients receiving EN. Five hundred seventeen surveys were analyzed. Significantly more dietitians in adult vs pediatric settings (83.4% and 59.1%, respectively; P = 0.0012), reported ENI in <40% of patients. Assessing medications, elevating the head of the bed, and changing EN infusion rate, volume, or feeding regimen were the highest-ranked strategies to manage ENI symptoms. Most (>90%) respondents change the EN formula <50% of the time to manage ENI. Dietitians consider caloric density and protein form as the most important EN features to manage upper-GI symptoms vs fiber source, osmolality, and form of protein to manage lower-GI symptoms. EN with real-food ingredients was ranked higher in importance for managing upper- and lower-GI symptoms by dietitians in pediatric vs adult settings. To manage ENI symptoms, dietitians consider multiple strategies before deciding to change the EN formula. When a formula change is indicated, dietitians consider different EN features for the management of upper- and lower-GI symptoms.

Exploring Stakeholders' Perspectives on Implementing Universal Germline Testing for Colorectal Cancer: Findings From a Clinical Practice Survey.

New guidelines recommend considering germline genetic testing for all patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there is a lack of data on stakeholders' perspectives on the advantages and barriers of implementing universal germline testing (UGT). This study assessed the perspectives of members of the Collaborative Group of the Americas on Inherited Gastrointestinal Cancer (CGA-IGC) regarding the implementation of UGT for patients with CRC, including readiness, logistics, and barriers. A cross-sectional survey was sent to 317 active members of CGA-IGC. The survey included sections on demographics, clinical practice specialty, established institutional practices for testing, and questions pertaining to support of and barriers to implementing UGT for patients with CRC. Eighty CGA-IGC members (25%) participated, including 42 genetic counselors (53%) and 14 gastroenterologists (18%). Forty-seven (59%) reported an academic medical center as their primary work setting, and most participants (56%) had more than 10 years of clinical practice. Although most participants (73%) supported UGT, 54% indicated that changes in practice would be required before adopting UGT, and 39% indicated that these changes would be challenging to implement. There was support for both genetics and nongenetics providers to order genetic testing, and a majority (57%) supported a standardized multigene panel rather than a customized gene panel. Key barriers to UGT implementation included limited genetics knowledge among nongenetics providers, time-consuming processes for obtaining consent, ordering tests, disclosing results, and lack of insurance coverage. This study demonstrates wide support among hereditary GI cancer experts for implementation of UGT for patients with CRC. However, alternative service delivery models using nongenetics providers should be considered to address the logistical barriers to UGT implementation, particularly the growing demand for genetic testing.

Regional Differences In Salary For Clinical Exercise Physiologists: The CEPA 2020 Clinical Practice Survey

Regional Differences In Salary For Clinical Exercise Physiologists: The CEPA 2020 Clinical Practice Survey

Recommended first-line management of asymptomatic brain metastases from EGFR mutant and ALK positive non-small cell lung cancer varies significantly according to specialty: an international survey of clinical practice.

The role for radiotherapy or surgery in the upfront management of brain metastases (BrM) in epidermal growth factor receptor mutant (EGFRm) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase translocation positive (ALK+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is uncertain because of a lack of prospective evidence supporting tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy. Further understanding of practice heterogeneity is necessary to guide collaborative efforts in establishing guideline recommendations. We conducted an international survey among medical (MO), clinical (CO), and radiation oncologists (RO), as well as neurosurgeons (NS), of treatment recommendations for asymptomatic BrM (in non-eloquent regions) EGFRm or ALK+ NSCLC patients according to specific clinical scenarios. We grouped and compared treatment recommendations according to specialty. Responses were summarized using counts and percentages and analyzed using the Fisher exact test. A total of 449 surveys were included in the final analysis: 48 CO, 85 MO, 60 NS, and 256 RO. MO and CO were significantly more likely than RO and NS to recommend first-line TKI monotherapy, regardless of the number and/or size of asymptomatic BrM (in non-eloquent regions). Radiotherapy in addition to TKI as first-line management was preferred by all specialties for patients with ≥4 BrM. NS recommended surgical resection more often than other specialties for BrM measuring >2 cm. Recommendations for the management of BrM from EGFRm or ALK+ NSCLC vary significantly according to oncology sub-specialties. Development of multidisciplinary guidelines and further research on establishing optimal treatment strategies is warranted.

An International Survey of Current Clinical Practice in the Treatment of Cardiac Sarcoidosis

Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is a potentially serious form of infiltrative cardiomyopathy. Despite scarce evidence, immunosuppressive treatment is generally recommended, but local routines may vary significantly. We sought to survey the clinical practices in the treatment of CS, with the aim that the results may suggest future research priorities. We conducted a web-based survey focused on treatment-naive patients with CS. We subclassified CS according to the presence/absence of overt cardiac presentation (clinically manifest/silent) and to the presence/absence of active inflammation (metabolically active/inactive by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography). The survey was developed jointly by the authors and administered to expert clinicians (n=79) involved in CS treatment. An agreement threshold was set at 70%. A total of 62 of 79 respondents (78.5%) from 12 countries completed the survey. The agreement threshold was reached for: (1) always treating clinically manifest, metabolically active CS, 57 of 62 (91.9%), (2) never treating clinically silent, metabolically inactive CS, 44 of 62 (71.0%), (3) not requiring histopathologic confirmation of sarcoidosis before treatment initiation, (49 of 62, 79.0%), (4) using fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for assessing treatment indication (44 of 62, 71.0%) and treatment response (44 of 62, 71.0%), and (5) using prednisone as a first-line agent (100%), although respondents were divided on monotherapy (69.4%) or combination with methotrexate 25.8%. The approach to particular scenarios, tapering, and duration of treatment showed the greatest variation in response. In conclusion, in this survey of clinical practice, important aspects of CS treatment reached the agreement threshold, whereas others showed a great degree of clinical equipoise.

Fixed versus individualized treatment for five common bacterial infectious syndromes: a survey of the perspectives and practices of clinicians.

Traditionally, bacterial infections have been treated with fixed-duration antibiotic courses; however, some have advocated for individualized durations. It is not known which approach currently predominates. We conducted a multinational clinical practice survey asking prescribers their approach to treating skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), pyelonephritis, cholangitis and bloodstream infection (BSI) of an unknown source. The primary outcome was self-reported treatment approach as being fully fixed duration, fixed minimum, fixed maximum, fixed minimum and maximum, or fully individualized durations. Secondary questions explored factors influencing duration of therapy. Multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to examine predictors of use of fully fixed durations. Among 221 respondents, 170 (76.9%) completed the full survey; infectious diseases physicians accounted for 60.6%. Use of a fully fixed duration was least common for SSTI (8.5%) and more common for CAP (28.3%), BSI (29.9%), cholangitis (35.7%) and pyelonephritis (36.3%). Fully individualized therapy, with no fixed minimum or maximum, was used by only a minority: CAP (4.9%), pyelonephritis (5.0%), cholangitis (9.9%), BSI (13.6%) and SSTI (19.5%). In multivariable analyses, a fully fixed duration approach was more common among Canadian respondents [adjusted OR (aOR) 1.76 (95% CI 1.12-2.76)] and for CAP (aOR 4.25, 95% CI 2.53-7.13), cholangitis (aOR 6.01, 95% CI 3.49-10.36), pyelonephritis (aOR 6.08, 95% CI 3.56-10.39) and BSI (aOR 4.49, 95% CI 2.50-8.09) compared with SSTI. There is extensive practice heterogeneity in fixed versus individualized treatment; clinical trials would be helpful to compare these approaches.

Practice Patterns of Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy: A Clinical Practice Survey

Spatially fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT) is increasingly used for bulky advanced tumors, but specifics of clinical SFRT practice remain elusive. This study aimed to determine practice patterns of GRID and Lattice radiation therapy (LRT)-based SFRT. A survey was designed to identify radiation oncologists' practice patterns of patient selection for SFRT, dosing/planning, dosimetric parameter use, SFRT platforms/techniques, combinations of SFRT with conventional external beam radiation therapy (cERT) and multimodality therapies, and physicists' technical implementation, delivery, and quality procedures. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Group comparisons were analyzed with permutation tests. The majority of practicing radiation oncologists (United States, 100%; global, 72.7%) considered SFRT an accepted standard-of-care radiation therapy option for bulky/advanced tumors. Treatment of metastases/recurrences and nonmetastatic primary tumors, predominantly head and neck, lung cancer and sarcoma, was commonly practiced. In palliative SFRT, regimens of 15 to 18 Gy/1 fraction predominated (51.3%), and in curative-intent treatment of nonmetastatic tumors, 15 Gy/1 fraction (28.0%) and fractionated SFRT (24.0%) were most common. SFRT was combined with cERT commonly but not always in palliative (78.6%) and curative-intent (85.7%) treatment. SFRT-cERT time sequencing and cERT dose adjustments were variable. In curative-intent treatment, concurrent chemotherapy and immunotherapy were found acceptable by 54.5% and 28.6%, respectively. Use of SFRT dosimetric parameters was highly variable and differed between GRID and LRT. SFRT heterogeneity dosimetric parameters were more commonly used (P = .008) and more commonly thought to influence local control (peak dose, P = .008) in LRT than in GRID therapy. SFRT has already evolved as a clinical practice pattern for advanced/bulky tumors. Major treatment approaches are consistent and follow the literature, but SFRT-cERT combination/sequencing and clinical utilization of dosimetric parameters are variable. These areas may benefit from targeted education and standardization, and knowledge gaps may be filled by incorporating identified inconsistencies into future clinical research.

Implementing neurodevelopmental follow-up care for children with congenital heart disease: A scoping review with evidence mapping.

To identify and map evidence describing components of neurodevelopmental follow-up care for children with congenital heart disease (CHD). This was a scoping review of studies reporting components of neurodevelopmental follow-up programmes/pathways for children with CHD. Eligible publications were identified through database searches, citation tracking, and expert recommendations. Two independent reviewers screened studies and extracted data. An evidence matrix was developed to visualize common characteristics of care pathways. Qualitative content analysis identified implementation barriers and enablers. The review included 33 studies. Twenty-one described individual care pathways across the USA (n = 14), Canada (n = 4), Australia (n = 2), and France (n = 1). The remainder reported surveys of clinical practice across multiple geographical regions. While heterogeneity in care existed across studies, common attributes included enrolment of children at high-risk of neurodevelopmental delay; centralized clinics in children's hospitals; referral before discharge; periodic follow-up at fixed ages; standardized developmental assessment; and involvement of multidisciplinary teams. Implementation barriers included service cost/resourcing, patient burden, and lack of knowledge/awareness. Multi-level stakeholder engagement and integration with other services were key drivers of success. Defining components of effective neurodevelopmental follow-up programmes and care pathways, along with enhancing and expanding guideline-based care across regions and into new contexts, should continue to be priorities. Twenty-two different neurodevelopmental follow-up care pathways/programmes were published, originating from four countries. Twelve additional publications described broad practices for neurodevelopmental follow-up across regions Common attributes across eligibility, service structure, assessment processes, and care providers were noted. Studies reported programme acceptability, uptake, cost, and effectiveness. Implementation barriers included service cost/resourcing, patient burden, and lack of knowledge/awareness.

Post-cardiac arrest intensive care in Sweden: A survey of current clinical practice.

European guidelines recommend targeted temperature management (TTM) in post-cardiac arrest care. A large multicentre clinical trial, however, showed no difference in mortality and neurological outcome when comparing hypothermia to normothermia with early treatment of fever. The study results were valid given a strict protocol for the assessment of prognosis using defined neurological examinations. With the current range of recommended TTM temperatures, and applicable neurological examinations, procedures may differ between hospitals and the variation of clinical practice in Sweden is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate current practice in post-resuscitation care after cardiac arrest as to temperature targets and assessment of neurological prognosis in Swedish intensive care units (ICUs). A structured survey was conducted by telephone or e-mail in all Levels 2 and 3 (= 53) Swedish ICUs during the spring of 2022 with a secondary survey in April 2023. Five units were not providing post-cardiac arrest care and were excluded. The response rate was 43/48 (90%) of the eligible units. Among the responding ICUs, normothermia (36-37.7°C) was applied in all centres (2023). There was a detailed routine for the assessment of neurological prognosis in 38/43 (88%) ICUs. Neurological assessment was applied 72-96 h after return of spontaneous circulation in 32/38 (84%) units. Electroencephalogram and computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging were the most common technical methods available. Swedish ICUs use normothermia including early treatment of fever in post-resuscitation care after cardiac arrest and almost all apply a detailed routine for the assessment of neurological prognosis. However, available methods for prognostic evaluation varies between hospitals.

Perioperative clinical practice in liver transplantation: a cross-sectional survey.

The objective of this study was to describe some components of the perioperative practice in liver transplantation as reported by clinicians. We conducted a cross-sectional clinical practice survey using an online instrument containing questions on selected themes related to the perioperative care of liver transplant recipients. We sent email invitations to Canadian anesthesiologists, Canadian surgeons, and French anesthesiologists specialized in liver transplantation. We used five-point Likert-type scales (from "never" to "always") and numerical or categorical answers. Results are presented as medians or proportions. We obtained answers from 130 participants (estimated response rate of 71% in Canada and 26% in France). Respondents reported rarely using transesophageal echocardiography routinely but often using it for hemodynamic instability, often using an intraoperative goal-directed hemodynamic management strategy, and never using a phlebotomy (medians from ordinal scales). Fifty-nine percent of respondents reported using a restrictive fluid management strategy to manage hemodynamic instability during the dissection phase. Forty-two percent and 15% of respondents reported using viscoelastic tests to guide intraoperative and postoperative transfusions, respectively. Fifty-four percent of respondents reported not pre-emptively treating preoperative coagulations disturbances, and 91% reported treating them intraoperatively only when bleeding was significant. Most respondents (48-64%) did not have an opinion on the maximal graft ischemic times. Forty-seven percent of respondents reported that a piggyback technique was the preferred vena cava anastomosis approach. Different interventions were reported to be used regarding most components of perioperative care in liver transplantation. Our results suggest that significant equipoise exists on the optimal perioperative management of this population.

A Survey on Monitoring and Management of Cerebral Vasospasm and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Mantra Study.

Cerebral infarction from delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a leading cause of poor neurological outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We performed an international clinical practice survey to identify monitoring and management strategies for cerebral vasospasm associated with DCI in aSAH patients requiring intensive care unit admission. The survey questionnaire was available on the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (May 2021-June 2022) and Neurocritical Care Society (April - June 2022) websites following endorsement by these societies. There were 292 respondents from 240 centers in 38 countries. In conscious aSAH patients or those able to tolerate an interruption of sedation, neurological examination was the most frequently used diagnostic modality to detect delayed neurological deficits related to DCI caused by cerebral vasospasm (278 respondents, 95.2%), while in unconscious patients transcranial Doppler/cerebral ultrasound was most frequently used modality (200, 68.5%). Computed tomography angiography was mostly used to confirm the presence of vasospasm as a cause of DCI. Nimodipine was administered for DCI prophylaxis by the majority of the respondents (257, 88%), mostly by an enteral route (206, 71.3%). If there was a significant reduction in arterial blood pressure after nimodipine administration, a vasopressor was added and nimodipine dosage unchanged (131, 45.6%) or reduced (122, 42.5%). Induced hypertension was used by 244 (85%) respondents as first-line management of DCI related to vasospasm; 168 (59.6%) respondents used an intra-arterial procedure as second-line therapy. This survey demonstrated variability in monitoring and management strategies for DCI related to vasospasm after aSAH. These findings may be helpful in promoting educational programs and future research.

Current chemoprevention approaches in Lynch syndrome and Familial adenomatous polyposis: a global clinical practice survey.

International chemoprevention preferences and approaches in Lynch syndrome (LS) and APC-associated polyposis, including Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and attenuated FAP (AFAP) have not been previously explored. To describe current chemoprevention strategies for patients with LS or FAP/AFAP (referred to collectively as FAP) practiced by members of four international hereditary cancer societies through administration of a survey. Ninety-six participants across four hereditary gastrointestinal cancer societies responded to the survey. Most respondents (91%, 87/96) completed information regarding their demographics and practice characteristics relating to hereditary gastrointestinal cancer and chemoprevention clinical practices. Sixty-nine percent (60/87) of respondents offer chemoprevention for FAP and/or LS as a part of their practice. Of the 75% (72/96) of survey respondents who were eligible to answer practice-based clinical vignettes based off of their responses to ten barrier questions regarding chemoprevention, 88% (63/72) of those participants completed at least one case vignette question to further characterize chemoprevention practices in FAP and/or LS. In FAP, 51% (32/63) would offer chemoprevention for rectal polyposis, with sulindac - 300 mg (18%, 10/56) and aspirin (16%, 9/56) being the most frequently selected options. In LS, 93% (55/59) of professionals discuss chemoprevention and 59% (35/59) frequently recommend chemoprevention. Close to half of the respondents (47%, 26/55) would recommend beginning aspirin at time of commencement of the patient's first screening colonoscopy (usually at age 25yrs). Ninety-four percent (47/50) of respondents would consider a patient's diagnosis of LS as an influential factor for aspirin use. There was no consensus on the dose of aspirin (≤100 mg, >100 mg - 325 mg or 600 mg) to offer patients with LS and there was no agreement on how other factors, such as BMI, hypertension, family history of colorectal cancer, and family history of heart disease, would affect the recommendation for aspirin use. Possible harm among older patients (>70 years) was identified as the most common reason to discourage aspirin use. Although chemoprevention is widely discussed and offered to patients with FAP and LS by an international group of hereditary gastrointestinal cancer experts, there is significant heterogeneity in how it is applied in clinical practice.

PD-0162 Thymic epithelial tumour radiotherapy: A survey of current UK clinical practice

PD-0162 Thymic epithelial tumour radiotherapy: A survey of current UK clinical practice

Diagnosis of Nocturnal Hypoventilation in Pediatric Neuromuscular Disorders: A Survey of Clinical Practice in Australia and New Zealand

Objectives: Nocturnal hypoventilation is a complication of neuromuscular disorders. There are various recommendations for measuring pCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; during polysomnography and numerous national and international definitions of hypoventilation that could contribute to significant variations in clinical practice. We therefore aimed to determine clinical practices implemented by Australasian pediatric sleep physicians.Methods: Pediatric sleep physicians completed an electronic survey for information regarding pCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; measurements and definitions of hypoventilation that are followed for children with neuromuscular disorders.Results: It was found that transcutaneous measurement of pCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; was performed in all centers, with 25% of the centers simultaneously performing capnography. Twelve definitions of hypoventilation were used, including published definitions from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) manual and recommendations of the pediatric Australasian Sleep Association/Australasian Sleep Technologists Association. The most commonly used definition of hypoventilation (9/17, 53%) was the 2012 pediatric AASM definition (pCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; &gt;50 mmHg for &gt;25% of the total sleep time). There was a discrepancy between centers and individuals within the same center when defining hypoventilation. Answers stating the use of the Australasian definitions (rise in pCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ≥10 mmHg from wake to sleep, average rise in pCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ≥3 mmHg from non rapid eye movement to rapid eye movement sleep) were more frequent when asked specifically via a checkbox (yes/no) compared to free text.Conclusions: These results confirm the heterogeneity and lack of standardization of clinical practice within Australasia when measuring pCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; during polysomnography and defining hypoventilation. The Australasian definitions were not used as frequently as anticipated.

Temperature management after cardiac arrest-a survey of clinical practice in Germany

Temperature management after cardiac arrest-a survey of clinical practice in Germany

Availability of palliative parenteral nutrition to patients with advanced cancer: A national survey of service provision.

Patients with advanced malignancy who are unable to meet their nutritional requirements orally or enterally as a result of intestinal failure may be considered for parenteral nutrition support. Current UK guidance recommends that patients with a 3-month prognosis and good performance status (i.e., Karnofsky performance status >50) should be considered for this intervention at home (termed Home Parenteral Nutrition; HPN). However, HPN is a nationally commissioned service by National Health Service (NHS) England and Improvement that can only be initiated at specific NHS centres and so may not be easily accessed by patients outside of these centres. This survey aimed to identify current clinical practice across UK hospitals about how palliative parenteral nutrition is initiated. Clinical staff associated with Nutrition Support Teams at NHS Organisations within the UK were invited to complete an electronically administered survey of national clinical practice through advertisements posted on relevant professional interest groups. Sixty clinicians responded to the survey administered between September and November 2020. The majority of respondents responded positively that decisions made to initiate palliative parenteral nutrition were conducted in alignment with current national guidance in relation to decision-making and formulation of parenteral nutrition. Variation was observed in relation to the provision of advance care planning in relation to nutrition support prior to discharge, as well as the consideration of venting gastrostomy placement in patients with malignant bowel obstruction unsuitable for surgical intervention. Adherence to current national guidance in relation to the provision of palliative parenteral nutrition is variable for some aspects of care. Further work is required particularly in relation to maximising the opportunity for the provision of advance care planning prior to discharge in this patient cohort.