Abstract Gridded meteorological datasets—reanalyses and climate simulations—are increasingly central to renewable energy yield assessments, offering complete, physically consistent atmospheric variables required to transform resource data into power output. This review delivers the first holistic synthesis of methodologies and uncertainties across the full modeling chain for both wind and solar energy, from resource characterization to energy yield and bankability metrics. It emphasizes the rising use of long-term, spatially resolved data to improve site selection, financial planning (P50/P90), and climate risk assessment. The review addresses critical modeling steps—vertical extrapolation, air density correction, irradiance decomposition—and quantifies sources of uncertainty inherent in each. By integrating historical and climate-future perspectives, it defines best practices for robust, transparent, and reproducible energy yield assessments.

ABSTRACT The persistent uncertainty surrounding the Trump administration's commitment to addressing climate change raises concerns that global financial stability could be compromised through spillovers from US climate‐related risks. This study examines this hypothesis by analyzing the dynamic interactions between global financial instability and US climate risks using nonlinear time‐varying connectedness based on a TVP‐VAR framework and VAR‐based local projection causality methods. It distinguishes between physical and transition risks and considers various forms of systemic financial stress at the global level, including banking and funding stress, equity market stress, safe asset stress, and market volatility, in order to inform the prediction of future global financial instability. Our findings highlight that global financial instability reacts differently depending on the nature of US climate risks. We show that transition risks have stronger predictive relationships than physical risks on global financial stability, especially after major events such as the Paris Agreement and the COVID‐19 pandemic. Whereas US physical risks tend to propagate instability via safe asset markets, transition risks exert more direct pressure on credit and equity markets. In particular, safe asset markets, which absorb shocks under US physical risks, can also transmit these shocks to credit and equity markets under transition risks. This suggests the presence of flight‐to‐safety versus flight‐to‐quality behaviors among global investors, depending on the specific type of US climate risks. Overall, these findings show how climate‐based financial mechanisms can strengthen early‐warning signals that inform the forecasting of systemic financial risk.

ABSTRACT Key digital technology (KDT) serves as a critical technological foundation for advancing pollution reduction and carbon mitigation (PRCM), while increasingly reshaping regional environmental governance capacity. However, the institutional fluctuations and governance uncertainties induced by intensifying climate risks have introduced both challenges and opportunities for the environmental effectiveness of KDT. Drawing on panel data from 276 prefecture‐level cities in China between 2011 and 2021, this study investigates the impact of KDT on PRCM synergy across heterogeneous regional contexts. The findings reveal that KDT significantly enhances the degree of PRCM synergy, highlighting its dual environmental benefits. Moreover, climate risks play differentiated moderating roles in this process. Specifically, climate transition risks amplify the PRCM effect of KDT, reflecting the greater marginal adaptability of technological governance under institutional risk scenarios. In contrast, the overall moderating role of climate physical risks is limited. Heterogeneity analysis suggests that under transition risks, KDT possesses compensatory capacities to address institutional uncertainty, whereas under physical risks, its effectiveness is conditioned by regional structural characteristics and governance capacity. Mechanism analysis further demonstrates that KDT influences PRCM synergy through a chain pathway encompassing “source prevention–process control–end‐stage blocking.” Spatial effect analysis indicates a siphon effect of KDT, with significant negative spillovers on the PRCM synergy of adjacent regions, implying the risk of widening inter‐regional disparities in environmental governance outcomes.

Abstract The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the dominant mode of atmospheric variability in the Southern Hemisphere extratropics. While its long‐term positive trend is well‐documented, changes in the amplitude of SAM variability remain poorly understood. Based on reanalysis data and surface‐station observations, we demonstrate that the amplitude of SAM variability has substantially increased over the past eight decades, which is associated with more frequent and severe weather extremes. A simple model and idealized climate experiments reveal that this amplification is primarily driven by enhanced stochastic eddy momentum flux, which is linked to a strengthened meridional temperature gradient. State‐of‐the‐art climate model projections indicate that SAM variability will likely continue to intensify throughout the 21st century, driven by a further increase in the meridional temperature gradient. These findings highlight a critical but previously overlooked response of large‐scale circulation to climate change, with important implications for assessing and mitigating future climate risks across the Southern Hemisphere.

ABSTRACT This study reveals a significant negative impact of firms’ climate change exposure on idiosyncratic volatility (IDVOL) in the US from 2003 to 2020. We argue that while climate-related opportunities tend to diminish firms’ growth prospects by lowering IDVOL, exposures to regulatory and physical risks do not follow the same effect. ESG disclosures mitigate the negative effect of climate change exposure on IDVOL, evidencing informational efficiency. Firms in polluting, non-high-tech sectors, and highly regulated states are predominant for the negative impact of climate change exposure on firm-level risk. Information asymmetry and investor confidence explain the effect of firms’ climate change exposure on IDVOL. These findings underscore the importance of considering climate change risks in policy decisions by stakeholders.

Environmental volatility can inflate property values even as it destroys them. To show how, this article pairs a postcolonial micro‐state in the Caribbean (Sint Maarten after Hurricane Irma) with a Nordic welfare town (Grindavík in Iceland following volcanic eruptions) because they occupy the opposite ends of the governance capacity spectrum, while sharing certain similarities. Drawing on reports, media archives, 31 ethnographic interviews, and transaction data from 2015–25, it traces four mechanisms that convert danger into a ‘volatility premium’: distressed asset acquisition; symbolic risk branding; risk finance design; and distributive rules. In Sint Maarten, weak regulation permits private capital to aestheticise destruction and profit from speculative rebuilding, while in Grindavík, a universal state buy‐out socialises loss and freezes speculation. By combining disaster capitalism, speculative urbanism, and financialisation theory with market evidence, the study argues that turning risk into real estate value is political. The findings strengthen our understanding of climate risk economies and offer practitioners the means for auditing post‐crisis property policies.

Climate change risks and resilience strategies for desalination plants in the Gulf region

From Paris to Pandemic: How Climate Risk and Policy Uncertainty Shapes Fossil and Clean Energy Commodities

State-Dependent Predictability of Precious Metals: The Economic Role of Critical Minerals and Climate Risk

Hot weather, maternal health, and pregnancy experiences, impacts and responses: A systematic review of global qualitative research.

Reciprocal dynamics of climate change risk perception and environmental attitude in early adolescence: Association with pro-environmental behavior

Estimating the impacts of climate change risk perception on local housing market: A case study in Miami-Dade, Florida

How do extreme climate risks affect banking active risk-taking? Empirical evidence from 107 countries

From microclimate response to systemic adaptation: A temporal framework for socioecological urban greening under compound climate risks

The impact of climate risk on municipal bonds pricing: Evidence from Chinese Chengtou bonds

How biodiversity disclosure enhances ESG performance: The role of entrepreneurship and physical climate risk

Managerial climate risk perception bias and corporate investment inefficiency: Evidence from Chinese listed firms

Is climate risk perception enough? Empirical evidence from Australian farmers

Seaweed aquaculture is a key component of the blue economy but faces significant environmental, climatic, and governance risks that challenge conventional site-suitability planning. This systematic review synthesizes risk-based spatial planning approaches for seaweed aquaculture, focusing on methods, risk indicators, and decision-support tools. Following PRISMA guidelines, it finds that most studies rely on GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis, treating risk implicitly through static environmental proxies. Hazard indicators dominate, while exposure, social-institutional vulnerability, adaptive capacity, and uncertainty analysis are rarely addressed. Decision-support outputs are largely map-based, with limited evidence of policy uptake in marine and coastal planning. The review identifies critical gaps and proposes a research agenda emphasizing integrated risk frameworks, social and governance indicators, explicit uncertainty treatment, and co-designed decision-support systems to enhance policy relevance and climate resilience.

Civil engineering plays a fundamental role in safeguarding transcultural heritage in vulnerable regions such as the Caribbean and Central America, where natural disasters pose a constant threat. This article explores how engineering practices integrate with conservation strategies to protect historical sites that reflect the fusion of indigenous, European, African, and Asian cultures. Through an analysis of real cases, it examines the impacts of earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods on emblematic places like Panama’s Casco Antiguo, the National Art Schools in Cuba, and fortifications in Puerto Rico. It highlights the importance of climate risk assessments, seismic interventions, and urban adaptation plans that incorporate modern technologies without altering the cultural essence. From an integrative perspective, it is observed that collaboration between engineers, historians, and localcommunities is key to mitigating damage and promoting resilience. The study reveals that, although challenges are intense due to climate change, adapted engineering solutions can preserve these legacies for future generations, fostering a balance between development and heritage. Ultimately, engineering not only repairs structures but also revitalizes collective identities in transcultural contexts.