North Sea demersal fisheries are increasingly challenged by a multitude of pressures. Climate change and its socioeconomic consequences as well as the diversification of marine spatial development for offshore energy production, transportation, and conservation are particularly affecting these fisheries, altering the state of target stocks and cutting off access to fishing grounds. To assess the impact of these developments, we applied the spatially explicit bio-economic simulation and optimization model FishRent to simulate the effects of three different climate change scenarios on the profitability of three North Sea demersal fishing fleets from Germany, Norway, and the United Kingdom fishing for cod, saithe, and hake. Our scenarios, which were based on macroeconomic model projections and developed by climate change and fisheries experts, included projections of prices, management strategies, and spatial development. The simulations indicated a continuous increase in profits in a scenario focused on economic development and open markets, while increases in a scenario centered around sustainable development and conservation were less pronounced, albeit steady. A scenario of increased focus on national economies and reduced global trade led to decreasing profits, linked to the overuse of economically crucial North Sea cod stock. Throughout all scenarios, the effects of price developments and management strategies far outweighed effects of marine spatial competition, which were marginal. Spatial dynamics of the fleets showed regional differences, where fuel price increases and insufficient investments in fuel-saving technologies led to the retraction of the UK fleet to less distant fishing grounds, not fully realizing the allocated quota. Our results highlight the intricate socio-economic dynamics in fisheries that are insufficiently covered in most fisheries models and reveal research gaps, particularly the incomplete mechanistic understanding of area closures and stock-recruitment dynamics. Yet, they also illustrate a basic principle of fisheries management, where consistent unsustainable use of a fish stock leads to economic collapse and substantial long-term economic damage for the participating fleets.

Impacts of climate change and urbanization on soil moisture dynamics have reduced regional flood resilience

Global climatic impact on the sea kraits living near the tectonic plate boundaries

Understanding the nuances of climate change on buildings in desert areas is a timely topic with several socioeconomic implications. This study quantifies the impacts of future climate variability and extreme events on the optimal design of renewable energy systems (RES) for buildings in Saudi Arabia. A comprehensive framework integrating multi-model climate projections, extreme event analysis, and stochastic optimization is developed to evaluate system reliability and economic performance under future climate uncertainty. Hourly downscaled climate data spanning 2025–2099 across multiple Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) are considered, and stochastic optimization is used to determine RES configurations that minimize life cycle cost (LCC) across all scenarios. Analyses are conducted at hourly resolution over three future 25-year periods: 2025–2049, 2050–2074, and 2075–2099. Results indicate that differences between climate scenarios become more pronounced in the late-century period (2075–2099), leading to increased sensitivity of optimal RES design to climate conditions. The stochastic design ensures higher operational reliability than systems optimized solely for a high-emission scenario, with a 3.1% increase in LCC. Relative to the sustainable scenario, the high-emission scenario requires larger RES capacities, particularly in battery storage, resulting in a 20% higher LCC. Accounting for extreme events from an additional 24 scenarios from multiple climate models increases the LCC by 31.7%, highlighting the cost of resilience in an uncertain future climate. • Climate change affects building energy demand and renewable supply in desert areas. • High-emission pathways increase life cycle costs by 20% compared to sustainable ones. • A stochastic-based design improves system reliability with only a 3.1% cost increase. • Extreme weather events across 24 scenarios increase system costs by 31.7% • The best renewable system design is highly sensitive to late-century climate shifts.

Impacts of climate and land use changes on the cultivable area for winter wheat and their economic benefits in China

City-level impact of climate change on food consumption of residents in China: An integrated framework

As the biggest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter globally, China has pledged to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. However, the environmental sustainability of this goal has not been assessed comprehensively on a life cycle basis. Focusing on the electricity sector, which contributes >40% to China's GHG emissions, this study evaluates the role and the potential of renewables for achieving net-zero by estimating their life cycle impacts across 31 provinces in China. A future (2050) renewable electricity grid is designed considering daily demand and generation curves, as well as resource potential and future technological advancements. Most of the electricity is generated by solar and wind (70%), followed by hydro (9%), biomass with and without carbon capture and storage (6%), and energy storage (14%). This mix achieves a net-negative climate change impact of −12 kg CO 2 eq./MWh electricity generated (compared to the current 877 kg CO 2 eq./MWh). The net negative impact is found in 18 provinces (−2.1 to −166.1 kg CO 2 eq. per MWh) owing to the biomass energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). The rest of the provinces have a net-positive but still relatively low impact (0–42 kg CO 2 eq./MWh) because of the high share of renewables. The majority of the remaining 17 impacts are also significantly lower (5.5–96%) than the impacts of the current grid, except for metal depletion, water consumption and freshwater and marine ecotoxicity. The minimum requirements for achieving the net-zero target for the electricity sector are either the utilisation of 55% of the total estimated biomass energy potential of 22 EJ, or BECCS share of 46% in the total capacity of biomass plants, equivalent to 2.25% of electricity generation. These results help to identify the environmental trade-offs in meeting the decarbonisation targets and to guide a future deployment of net-zero electricity in China.

Routine bathymetric mapping of tidal inlets using Sentinel-2

Micronutrients are vital for human health. Wheat is a major staple crop and a significant source of minerals and B-vitamins. The impact of multifactorial climate change on their content remains largely unknown, introducing uncertainty to human nutrition and well-being. Here, we used an Ecotron to evaluate micronutrient levels in European winter wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Asory) under historical and projected climate conditions, incorporating gradients of atmospheric CO2, temperature, precipitation, and light intensity representative of ongoing climate change in Western Europe. Our findings indicate that future climates will strongly diminish multiple minerals and B-vitamins in grains, thereby posing a significant challenge for global public health.

This research investigates the impact of climate change on flood susceptibility assessment using four advanced deep learning models; Deep Learning Neural Network (DLNN), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Deepboost, and XGBoost; across different climate projections for the year 2100. The study incorporates climate scenarios under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs); SSP 245 (moderate emissions), SSP 370 (high emissions), and SSP 585 (extreme emissions). Each model demonstrates distinctive strengths in flood risk prediction, with XGBoost offering a balanced and precise classification of flood-prone areas, while DLNN and ANN tend to highlight more extensive high-risk zones. Deepboost adopts a conservative approach, minimizing false positives but potentially underestimating the extent of flood susceptibility. Variables importance analysis shows that rainfall, slope, and land use/land cover (LULC) are critical factors influencing flood risk. The climate projections from the four models—ACCESS, CMCC-ESM2, MIROC6, and MRI-ESM2 show a clear trend: as emissions increase from SSP 245 to SSP 585, flood risks escalate significantly. Under SSP 585, regions considered moderate risk may face severe flood susceptibility by 2100. Under the SSP 370 scenario, flood susceptibility zones expand significantly, with many areas shifting from Moderate or Low to High or Very High risk, highlighting increased flood threats under intermediate climate change. In the more extreme SSP 585 scenario, widespread regions face elevated flood risks, indicating severe future impacts without strong emission reductions. The findings highlight the need for robust flood adaptation strategies, with XGBoost offering a balanced approach for urban planning and DLNN and ANN providing detailed high-risk zone identification for targeted mitigation efforts. This underscores the urgency of global emission reduction efforts to mitigate the worst effects of climate change.

ABSTRACT Recent advances in agricultural production and storage systems have contributed to a significant enhancement in annual wheat production and preservation, aimed at satisfying increasing consumer demands. Despite such potential developments, there are still significant post‐harvest losses in stored wheat, induced by destructive pests, grain moisture content, and proliferation of fungi. This review discussed recent innovations in wheat storage, comprising hermetic storage, biological pest control, modified atmosphere technologies, smart IoT/AI‐enabled storage systems, and drying techniques, as well as other environment‐friendly compounds, such as inert dusts, desiccants, and botanicals, which collectively extend wheat shelf life and reduce post‐harvest losses. Emphasis is given on the integrated application of these technologies, together with an IPM approach that combines preventive storage measures, regular monitoring, biological controls, and minimal chemical use, to develop an efficient, durable, and sustainable wheat storage system. The review also focuses on the impact of climate change on wheat storage systems as well as how the storage systems could be adjusted to accommodate these complications. In view of recent research and technological advances, this paper highlights the importance of various innovative approaches including IPM, for the maintenance of stored wheat quality to ensure food security, sustainability, and adaptation to climate change.

Climate impacts of using mineral incineration bottom ash in Swedish road construction: Assessing the influence of different project settings.

ABSTRACT Climate change threatens the delicate balance between the natural environment, terroir, and economic sustainability that underpins the identity and competitiveness of Italian wine. This study focuses on Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG), the highest classification level for Italian wines, which ensures a close link between the product and its territory of origin. The objective of this work is to assess whether the regulatory framework for DOCG wines is evolving in response to climate change and what actions, if any, are being taken to address it. This is a qualitative study based on document analysis. DOCG wine regulations serve as an important source of data to understand how the regulatory and institutional framework of the wine sector is adapting to climate change and, indirectly, to gauge the level of awareness regarding the significance of climate change in the wine industry. The analysis of updated DOCG production specifications in Italy between 2015 and 2025 reveals a cautious awareness of the need to adapt to climate change within the institutional framework of high‐quality viticulture. The analysis is based exclusively on officially approved modifications to DOCG production specifications, which represent a small portion of Italian wine production. Furthermore, the study intentionally focuses only on changes that have already been approved, excluding those still under discussion or pending approval This study opens several avenues for future research. By shedding light on the evolving relationship between climate change and regulatory governance in the wine sector, it encourages deeper reflection on how institutional systems can foster resilience without compromising identity, a tension at the core of sustainability transitions in traditional agro‐ecosystems. Despite growing attention to the agronomic and economic implications of climate change in viticulture, its specific impact on the regulatory frameworks governing premium wines remains largely underexplored in academic literature. The significance of this study lies in the inseparable bond between a DOCG wine and its territory of origin. By its very nature, the DOCG system is committed to protecting ecosystems and biodiversity and is particularly sensitive to the challenges posed by climate change.

Impacts of climate change on land suitability of key crops in New Zealand.

Abstract. A large transient multi-scenario and multi-model ensemble of future streamflow and groundwater projections in France developed in a national project named Explore2 was recently made available. The main objective of Explore2 is to provide rich and spatially-consistent information for the future evolution of hydrological (surface and groundwater) resources and extremes in France to support adaptation strategies. The Explore2 dataset was obtained using a nested multi-scenario multi-model approach to estimate future uncertainty and to assess local climate at the catchment scale: three greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios, a set of 17 combinations of Global Climate Models and Regional Climate Models (GCM/RCM), and two bias correction methods provide the meteorological forcing for nine surface hydrology models and four groundwater hydrology models (one to simulate groundwater recharge and three to simulate groundwater level). In this paper, we present the methodology underlying the dataset, the evaluation of the hydrological models against daily observations of streamflow and groundwater level, and the key messages on the impact of climate change on both mean river flows and groundwater recharge. This large set of hydrological projections shows a high model agreement on the decrease in seasonal flows in the South of France under the RCP8.5 high-emission scenario, confirming its hotspot status. The surface hydrological models agree on the decrease in summer flows across France under the RCP8.5 scenario, with the exception of northern part France. This area may indeed benefit from more active winter recharge that may counterbalance decrease in summer precipitation and increase in evapotranspiration. In addition to northern France, annual groundwater recharge is projected to increase slightly in the north-east while remaining unchanged elsewhere by the end of the century, according to the RCP8.5 scenario. In the mountainous areas, winter flows will increase as a result of higher air temperature and the high degree of agreement between the models holds regardless of the RCP considered. Unsurprisingly, the higher the GHG emission scenario, the higher the median changes. Most of these changes are organised in France along a north-south gradient, regardless of the RCP considered.

Climate change posed a significant threat to global biodiversity, affecting wildlife across terrestrial, marine, and polar ecosystems. This review aimed to synthesize the mechanisms through which climate change impacted wildlife and to evaluate recent empirical evidence (2020–2025). A structured literature search was conducted using major scientific databases, and studies were categorized based on climatic drivers and ecological responses. The synthesis indicated that rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, extreme weather events, and oceanic changes were driving shifts in species distributions, phenology, and population dynamics. Case studies revealed increasing risks of trophic mismatches, habitat loss, and species decline across diverse ecosystems. The review further evaluated conservation strategies, highlighting the roles of climate mitigation, habitat connectivity, and ecosystem-based adaptation. The inclusion of literature up to early 2025 ensured that the review reflected the most recent scientific findings and evolving climate impacts on wildlife. These findings underscored the need for integrated, evidence-based approaches to enhance wildlife resilience under accelerating climate change.

Climate change is currently one of humanity's primary challenges. Although it has yet to affect all parts of the world equally, it impacts all continents and virtually all countries. People's perception of the change also evolves. This makes monitoring the public's attitude towards climate change highly relevant. The article aims to characterise the attitudes and behaviour of the Małopolskie Voivodeship countryside towards climate change. The survey design covers the research areas referred to in the EIB Climate Survey report. The survey reported in the article involved 300 randomly selected adult residents of rural areas in five districts of Małopolskie Voivodeship (southern Poland). The authors also interviewed representatives of local authorities, such as environmental stewardship advisers. The results indicate that most respondents consider climate change and its consequences to be the central challenges for humanity in the twenty-first century. The most severe global problem for them is air pollution. Climate change affects the everyday lives of more than half of the respondents. Only 10% did not report any impact. The most popular forms of environmental stewardship among the respondents are the reduced use of plastics, reduced water consumption, and purchasing energy-efficient devices. Surprisingly, 15% of the population of Miechowski District and 10% of people in Limanowski District declared no environmental stewardship efforts to curb the impact of climate change.

Abstract: This study inspects the impact of climate change on agriculture and food security among the Juang tribe in Kendujhar district of Odisha. The Juang Tribe is recognised as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) and habitually depends on agriculture, forest resources, and cyclical labour for its livelihood. However, in recent years, climate change has meaningfully impacted their agricultural practices, crop productivity, and overall livelihood safety. Irregular rainfall patterns, increasing temperatures, and recurrent droughts have created serious challenges for traditional agriculture systems in the region. The main aims of this study are to understand the tribal community in the Panasanasa village, which is occupied by the Juang tribe, and to study their socio-economic and agricultural conditions in the context of changing climatic situations. The study also aims to find the various types of agriculture practised by the Juang people, including maintenance farming, shifting farming, and small-scale crop production. Another important objective is to analyse the economic disorder of tribal households and to recognize how climate change has influenced their income sources, agricultural productivity, and livelihood constancy. Furthermore, the study seeks to assess the level of food security among the Juang community and to explore how environmental changes affect their access to appropriate and nutritious food. This study is descriptive and systematically based on the examination of research questions. The study depends on field-based observations, interviews, and the collection of primary data from Panasanasa Juang villages in Kendujhar district. The results are expected to provide insights into the relationships among climate change, agriculture, and food security among tribal communities, and to highlight the necessity for sustainable agricultural practices, climate variation strategies, and helpful government policies.

Climate change is now being seen as one of the major factors of ecological change, which affects wildlife distribution, migration patterns, and the reproductive behaviors of various ecosystems. The paper will examine interactive effects of climate change on nature, species distribution, migration dynamics and reproductive behavior, using the long-term climate data (1980–2024), the species occurrence facts, the migration follow-ups and the evidence of reproductive phenology in several taxa of wildlife. Species distribution modeling revealed considerable poleward and altitudinal changes, terrestrial species with a range shift distance of 1725 km/decade and montane species with an altitude shift of 11 19 m/decade. Sensitivity of the climate-sensitive groups to habitat decrease was more evident with the amphibians, which have shrub habitats reduced by 17-22%. Migration measures demonstrated not only progression of spring migration by 6-11 days but also decreased length of migration paths ( some 220 km ) and times in stopover (3-4 days). Earlier breeding indicated through the reproductive assessments by 512 days but with reduced reproductive performance with a 115% decline in nesting success along with a 15.8% decrease in juvenile survivability through phenological disjunction with food. The comparison with related literature affirms that there is good correspondence with the global trends in addition to pointing out the increased disruption of the past decades. In general, these findings indicate that climate change is a multidimensional stressor, as it can simultaneously impair habitats availability, movement behavior, and reproductive success and increase long-term risks to population stability and biodiversity conservation among the wildlife.

It is critical to understand how climate change will impact our world. Lake evaporation will be impacted by climate change, having large implications on water supply and demand for drinking, irrigation, and recreational water uses. Understanding how lake evaporation changes under different climate change scenarios is critical for proper water management and policy. Using the General Lake Model, I simulated lake evaporation at Standley Lake reservoir in Westminster, Colorado, under four different climate change scenarios using the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios for June, July, and August in 2020. In my study, I looked specifically at changes to air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, which are meteorological variables known to have large impacts on evaporation at the lake surface. These variables were tested individually and then coupled together. I found that with only changes to air temperature, the total evaporation decreased due to the decreasing vapor pressure gradient over the study period; changes to just the relative humidity showed an increase in evaporation between scenarios; and when only wind speed was changed, lake evaporation increased or decreased when wind speed increased or decreased, respectively. When the study variables were coupled together, the total evaporation decreased over the first three scenarios and increased for the last scenario. This points to the change in wind speed being the largest driver of lake evaporation at Standley Lake over the study period and highlights the significance of considering more than just air temperature in future water policy plans and discussions. This study also shows the value in isolating meteorological variables to see the extent of their impact on lake evaporation.