Client Motivation Research Articles

GOAL-SETTING IN SOCIAL WORK INTERVENTIONS: THEORY AND TECHNIQUES

A goal-setting technique could be considered as one of the modern tools of client-centered social work. Such techniques are designed to motivate and direct the client to achieve a specific goal and result. The paper systematizes academic approaches to understanding the theory of goal setting, defines the specifics of its practical use in social work, and presents specific goal setting techniques that have been tested as part of structured interventions for clients who are in difficult life circumstances and are motivated to change them.The elaboration of social work interventions must be based on the understanding that goals, by their very nature, are more attainable and accessible than wishes, intentions or dreams. Their formulation by social work clients who are in difficult life circumstances and may have a reduced social perspective cannot be considered a simple process, since it requires the use of specific techniques such as setting goals and tasks («Wheel of life balance», various visualizations and discussions; «Map achievement of goals», «Suitcase of goals»), as well as the implementation of steps to achieve them (diaries, weekly goal achievement maps, skill trackers, coaching, etc.).As evidenced by the literature review, the authors’ own experience, as well as the results of other applied studies, the goal-setting theory contains ideas and concepts that are consistent with the basic principles of professional social work. It suggests that the client and the social worker work together to find differences in the client's current state of life and the outcome he or she is striving for. The paper reveals that goal setting stimulates activity, initiative and motivation of clients, encourages choice and forms a sense of responsibility for this choice, and thus strengthens the client-centeredness of social work.

Gambaran Tingkat Kejenuhan (Burnout) dan Motivasi Sembuh Klien Rehabilitasi Narkoba di Plato Foundation

Drug abusers experience several difficulties while undergoing rehabilitation programs, one of which is a lack of motivation to recover. Lack of self-motivation causes several problems for drug abusers in rehabilitation, one of which is boredom which can hinder the recovery process. Motivation and boredom of drug rehabilitation patients need to be considered because they greatly affect the success of the rehabilitation process. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of saturation and recovery motivation of drug rehabilitation clients at Plato Foundation. This research uses a descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach method and data collection is done by distributing questionnaires to 15 respondents with a sampling method, namely the total population. Based on the results of the study, it shows that 60% of respondents do not experience saturation and 40% experience feelings of saturation and as many as 80% of respondents have high recovery motivation and 20% of respondents have low recovery motivation. The role of activities and activities greatly affects the motivation and burnout of drug abusers while undergoing a rehabilitation program.

Comparison of 2 sampling methods for molecular detection of bacteria or fungi from feline hair and scale specimens.

Skin diseases of cats are among the most frequent client motivations for a veterinary consultation. Both carpet and toothbrush sampling are commonly used to obtain hair and scale samples for microbiologic testing. Although molecular tests have become more accessible and more widely used by clinicians, the ideal collection method for clinical specimens is unclear. To assess their performance in retrieving microbial DNA from clinical samples, we compared the bacterial and fungal DNA load in hair and skin scale samples collected using carpet or toothbrush methods. We evaluated sample DNA yield using fluorometry, spectrophotometry, and quantitative PCR. Despite no measurable differences in sample weight, toothbrush samples yielded significantly higher bacterial (p = 0.028) and fungal (p = 0.005) DNA loads compared to carpet samples, regardless of disease status. The toothbrush method was more effective in harvesting microbial DNA from hair and skin scale samples.

MOTIVASI KLIEN DENGAN KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT PADA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease and is one of the highest causes of mobirdity and mortality in the world. Conditions like this require treatment for a long time and even a lifetime, so the successful treatment of this disease requires compliance in treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between client motivation and compliance with hypertension in taking medication. The design of this study is descriptives with a cross sectional approach and data analysis using the chi-square test. The number of samples used was 144 respondents through a purposive sampling technique. The research instruments used the TMQ (Treatment Motivation Questionnaire) questionnaire, and MMAS-8 (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale). The results of the study found that there was arelationship between client motivation and adherence to taking medication with p-value = 0.000 (p <0.005). This shows that there is a relationship between client motivation and medication adherence in hypertension sufferers Self-motivation is needed for clients so that hypertension therapy can be achieved according to the target.

Creation, Analysis and Evaluation of AnnoMI, a Dataset of Expert-Annotated Counselling Dialogues

Research on the analysis of counselling conversations through natural language processing methods has seen remarkable growth in recent years. However, the potential of this field is still greatly limited by the lack of access to publicly available therapy dialogues, especially those with expert annotations, but it has been alleviated thanks to the recent release of AnnoMI, the first publicly and freely available conversation dataset of 133 faithfully transcribed and expert-annotated demonstrations of high- and low-quality motivational interviewing (MI)—an effective therapy strategy that evokes client motivation for positive change. In this work, we introduce new expert-annotated utterance attributes to AnnoMI and describe the entire data collection process in more detail, including dialogue source selection, transcription, annotation, and post-processing. Based on the expert annotations on key MI aspects, we carry out thorough analyses of AnnoMI with respect to counselling-related properties on the utterance, conversation, and corpus levels. Furthermore, we introduce utterance-level prediction tasks with potential real-world impacts and build baseline models. Finally, we examine the performance of the models on dialogues of different topics and probe the generalisability of the models to unseen topics.

Current Practices, Experiences, and Views in Clinical Hypnosis: Findings of an International Survey

ABSTRACT An online survey of 691 clinicians who use hypnosis was conducted in 31 countries to gain a broad real-world picture of current practices, views, and experiences in clinical hypnosis. Among 36 common clinical uses, stress reduction, wellbeing and self-esteem-enhancement, surgery preparations, anxiety interventions, mindfulness facilitation, and labor and childbirth applications were the most frequently rated as highly effective (each by ≥70% of raters) in the clinicians’ own experience. Adverse hypnosis-associated effects had been encountered by 55% of clinicians but were generally short-lived and very rarely judged as serious. The most common hypnosis approaches used were Ericksonian (71%), hypnotic relaxation therapy (55%), and traditional hypnosis (50%). Almost all respondents reported regularly using other therapeutic modalities alongside hypnosis. Among a range of client variables potentially affecting therapy, most clinicians rated hypnotist-client rapport (88%) and client motivation (75%) as very or extremely important factors for successful hypnotherapy. The majority of respondents had conducted hypnosis treatment via teletherapy, and 54% of those estimated it to be as effective as in-person treatment.

Therapists' first impression of treatment motivation moderates the relationship between the client-rated therapeutic alliance and drinking outcomes during treatment.

First impressions can influence interpersonal relationships for extended periods, with negative first impressions leading to more negative judgments and behaviors between individuals months after their initial meeting. Although common factors such as therapeutic alliance (TA) are well studied, less is known of the potential influence of a therapist's first impression of their client's motivation on TA and drinking outcomes. Based on data from a prospective study of the perceptions of the TA among clients receiving cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT), this study examined how therapists' first impressions may moderate the relationship between client-rated TA and drinking outcomes during treatment. One hundred fifty-four adults participated in a 12-week course of CBT and completed measures of TA and drinking behaviors following each treatment session. Additionally, therapists completed a measure of their first impression of their client's motivation for treatment following the first session. Time-lagged multilevel modeling revealed a significant within-person TA by therapists' first impression interaction that predicted percent days abstinent (PDA). Specifically, among participants rated as lower on first impressions of treatment motivation, higher within-person TA predicted greater PDA in the interval prior to the next treatment session. Within-person working alliance was not associated with PDA among individuals rated higher on first impressions of treatment motivation who demonstrated higher PDA throughout treatment. Furthermore, significant between-person TA by first impressions interactions were found for both PDA and drinks per drinking day (DDD), such that among individuals with lower treatment motivation, TA positively predicted PDA and negatively predicted DDD. Although therapists' first impressions of a client's treatment motivation are positively associated with treatment outcomes, clients' perception of the TA may mitigate the impact of poor first impressions. These findings highlight the need for additional nuanced examinations of the relationship between TA and treatment outcomes, emphasizing the contextual factors that influence this relationship.

Facilitators and barriers to reunification among housing unstable families

Housing unstable families with child welfare system involvement face multiple challenges to successfully reunifying with their families. This explanatory qualitative study followed up on findings from a county-sponsored Pay for Success (PFS) RCT. The study focused on understanding the facilitators and barriers to reunification, bringing together the perspectives of a random sample of 16 housing-unstable caregivers whose children were in foster care, their PFS program workers, and their child welfare caseworkers. We conducted in-depth, in-person interviews with 52 participants. Major facilitators of reunification included strong client motivation, PFS program workers empowering and advocating for clients, the program’s ability to meet clients’ basic needs, and PFS program worker/child welfare worker collaboration. The barriers participants identified included the clients’ complex and continuing challenges and crises, limited and/or toxic social support systems, and systemic issues within the court and child welfare systems, including evaluations of worthiness and a failure to collaborate. We explore findings regarding their contribution to the literature on housing unstable families involved with child welfare and implications for practice, policy, and research.

Career switch

Purpose: This paper examines the consultancy process in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), focusing on consulting entrepreneurs at the beginning of their entrepreneurial career chosen out of necessity due to a terminated long-term employment contract in a public company.Methodology: A qualitative study design was adopted to look into the consultancy process with five new entrepreneurs who participated in a program that combined trainings and consultancy sessions. Text analysis of written feedback from consultants was conducted to understand the challenges entrepreneurs faced and progress they made. Evaluation sheets with closed and open questions were analyzed to explore the effects of the program and the entrepreneur satisfaction with the program. Five years after completing the program, semi-structured interviews were conducted to identify the current status of the entrepreneurial ventures.Results: In this study, the success of the consultancy process was threatened by time constraints and a lack of comprehensive reasoning behind client motivation to become entrepreneurs. These were the most detrimental factors for the client-consultant relationship, which ended up lacking transparency and thoroughness.Conclusion: Research results indicate the importance of consultant’s efforts to contextualize the client’s decision to become an entrepreneur. Investing time in building a client-consultant relationship as well as providing long-term follow-up support proved to be crucial to ensuring a positive impact of consultancy support for entrepreneurs starting a new business.

Drivers for implementing design for safety in construction: a review

Design for safety is a prominent means of preventing fatalities and injuries at construction workplaces. This concept has recently gained much attention among construction safety domain researchers. A study was undertaken to explore the key drivers for implementing design for safety in construction and to identify research trends. Eighty-four journal articles published by 2020 were extracted from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The influential keywords, articles, sources and authors in the field of design for safety were examined. According to the findings, most of the studies focused on the context of designer knowledge, skill and education. Although the literature suggests that client legislation, influence and motivation were important drivers for implementing design for safety, there was limited research on these areas. The study can help academics and practitioners to understand better the key drivers for implementing design for safety in construction.

Use of NSAIDs in the management of lameness in dairy cattle

Evidence exists to support the use of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ketoprofen in the treatment and prevention of lameness. Recent published evidence has added to a raft of indicative studies which support the use of ketoprofen in the management of lame cows. Understanding the limitations of the use of NSAIDs is vital in ensuring client motivation when implementing a lameness control programme. While following the evidence base, we recommend that clinicians and farmers ensure that animal welfare is kept at the forefront of all decision making, with NSAID usage playing an important role in this process.

RETRACTED: Enterprise strategic plan: Service business model

AbstractFor the innovative development of the economy of Kazakhstan, marketing strategies for promoting innovative products concentrate scientific research and become a new element in the process of managing the market activities of enterprises. The purpose of the study was to determine the place of servitisation in Kazakhstani business, measure the level of servitisation and study the attitude of participants in the industrial market to the new strategy. To achieve the goal set within the framework of this study, marketing research was carried out. Data analysis was carried out using two programmes for data analysis. Presents the basic modelling principles used to form the structure with hidden variables. The authors tested the relationship between the level of motivation of the client and the level of servitisation. The client's motivation level does not affect the servitisation level. A literature review has shown that the implementation of servitisation is a complex task that depends on previous success. Among innovative enterprises in Kazakhstan, due to the underdevelopment of the market, traditional services dominate, while such trendy services as training, utilisation, integration are rarely offered and have a weak level of prevalence.

Veterinary communication can influence farmer Change Talk and can be modified following brief Motivational Interviewing training.

Current veterinary communication skills training often focuses on the strategies necessary to successfully transfer information and promote shared decision making rather than inspiring client motivation to engage in behaviour change(s). One evidence-based communication methodology with a specific focus on enhancing conversations about change is Motivational Interviewing (MI), which is perceived by veterinarians to be highly relevant to their profession. We examined whether veterinarians who experienced brief (4–5 hours) MI training (BMIT) were able to change their communication behaviours to be more MI consistent. Fourteen veterinarians recorded 31 veterinary herd health consultations before (n = 15) and after (n = 16) BMIT to allow pre-post intervention analysis of veterinarian and farmer verbal behaviour. Additionally, using a sequential linguistic analysis of 3885 veterinarian-farmer communication events within these consultations, the influence of veterinarians’ verbal behaviours on farmers’ response language was explored. Analysis of veterinary consultations undertaken before and after BMIT revealed that veterinarians changed their communication style to be more consistent with the MI methodology, including more use of reflection statements, a more empathic and partnership-oriented consultation style and greater emphasis on clients’ own language in favour of change goals. In response, farmers contributed more to the conversation and discussed more herd health-related changes. Sequential linguistic analysis suggested that following a veterinarian emphasising something positive about the farmer (e.g. efforts, strengths), seeking collaboration or emphasising farmer choice, farmers were subsequently more likely to express arguments in favour of change (‘Change Talk’), especially phrases indicative of commitment. This study offers the first evidence of the potential value of a BMIT experience to enhance veterinary communication skills, although conscious and disciplined use of MI principles, strategies and Spirit–an ethos of compassion, acceptance, partnership and evocation—requires longer and more complex training. Further studies examining the longevity and consistency of these verbal behaviour changes following BMIT are required.

The Use of Smartphone Serious Gaming Apps in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders: Observational Study on Feasibility and Acceptability.

BackgroundAddiction is a worldwide problem with major health complications. Despite intensive treatment, relapse rates remain high. The prevalence of cognitive impairment is high in patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) and is associated with treatment dropout and relapse. Evidence indicates that cognitive function training in persons with SUDs may support treatment. Therefore, the use of web-based tools to test and train cognitive functions is of increasing interest.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a serious gaming smartphone app to test and train cognitive functions in addition to the treatment of SUDs.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted with 229 patients seeking addiction treatment. The patients were offered 2 smartphone apps in addition to regular care: MyCognition Quotient (MyCQ) assessed cognitive functions and AquaSnap trained these functions. The feasibility was determined based on acceptance rates. The acceptability of the smartphone apps was qualitatively analyzed based on the answers to a questionnaire. Patient characteristics were compared between patients who played and did not play smartphone games. Explorative correlation analyses were performed between the playing time and cognitive assessment scores.ResultsOf the 229 patients who were offered the apps, 110 completed the MyCQ assessment, and 59 started playing AquaSnap, yielding acceptance rates of 48.0% and 25.8%, respectively. The group that completed the MyCQ assessment was significantly more educated than the group that did not download the apps (χ22=7.3; P=.03). The education level did not differ significantly between the group that played AquaSnap and the group that did not (P=.06). There were relatively more women in the AquaSnap playing group than in the nonplaying group (χ21=6.5; P=.01). The groups did not differ in terms of age, substance use, treatment setting, mood, or quality of life. With respect to acceptability, 83% (38/46) of the patients who filled out the questionnaire enjoyed taking the MyCQ measurement, whereas 41% (14/34) enjoyed playing the AquaSnap game. Furthermore, 76% (35/46) and 68% (23/34) rated the apps MyCQ and AquaSnap, respectively, as easy. More playing minutes was associated with decreased working memory reaction time and executive functioning accuracy.ConclusionsOur study showed that the use of a smartphone app for cognitive assessment in patients with SUDs who are interested and highly educated is feasible and acceptable for the subgroup that was asked to fill out a perception questionnaire. However, the use of a smartphone app for cognitive training was less feasible for this group of patients. Improvement of the training application and enhancement of the motivation of clients are needed. Despite these limitations, the present results provide support for future research investigating the use of smartphone apps for cognitive assessment and training in relation to the treatment of SUDs.

Increasing client motivation ratings across violence rehabilitation are promising predictors of reduced post-custody recidivism

ABSTRACT In forensic practice, clinicians often need to apply risk assessment results to complex correctional decisions, but a strong empirical base to support some practices (such as assessing strengths or measuring change) is limited and still emerging. Using data from 195 adult men (M age = 32.02, SD = 8.53) who completed a custody-based violence prevention rehabilitation program, we supplemented existing static and dynamic risk factor ratings recorded prospectively by correctional staff by conducting retrospective file reviews and coding additional dynamic risk factors and strengths (including motivation and program engagement). We observed small average reductions in dynamic risk ratings and increases in strength ratings. After controlling for static risk scores, increases in client motivation and program engagement predicted reduced violent recidivism. Results from multivariate models suggested clients’ interest in engaging with post-custodial support for staying crime-free was critical for post-release success. Although our methodology was innovative in this context, inconsistent interrater reliability (ICC1 = .05–.74) and results suggest clinicians should cautiously interpret change scores and strength factor ratings. Rehabilitation research would benefit from partnerships with corrections agencies to design rigorous prospective research on client motivation and program engagement.

Freedom as Prevention: Mechanisms of Autonomy Support for Promoting HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Use and Condom Use among Black MSM in 3 US Cities-HPTN 073.

Healthcare providers who use controlling or coercive strategies may compel short-term enactment of HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevention behaviors but may inadvertently undermine their client's motivation to maintain those behaviors in the absence of external pressure. Autonomous motivation refers to the self-emanating and self-determined drive for engaging in health behaviors. It is associated with long-term maintenance of health behaviors. We used structural equation modeling to investigate whether autonomy support was associated with increased odds of therapeutic serum levels of pre-exposure prophylaxis, through a pathway that satisfies basicpsychological needs for autonomous self-regulation and competence regarding pre-exposure prophylaxis use. We also investigated whether autonomy support was associated with decreased odds of condomless anal intercourse via the same psychological needs-satisfaction pathway of autonomous self-regulation and competenceregarding condom use. We tested these two theorized pathways using secondary data from a longitudinal sample of Black men who have sex with men from across three cities in the US (N = 226). Data from the sample fit the theorized models regarding the pathways by which autonomy support leads to the presence of therapeutic PrEP levels in serum (χ2 = 0.56; RMSEA = 0.04; CFI = .99, TLI = 0.98) and how it also leads to decreased odds of condomless anal intercourse (χ2 = 0.58; RMSEA = 0.03; CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.98). These findings provide scientific evidence for the utility of self-determination theory as a model to guide intervention approaches to optimize the implementation and impact of PrEP for Black men who have sex with men.

Anabolics coaching: Emic harm reduction or a public health concern?

This article investigates the phenomena of ‘anabolics coaching’, which describes the practice of providing support and guidance on the appropriate and effective use of image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs), either as part of a more general PT relationship or as a stand-alone service. Building upon van de Ven and Mulrooney's (2017) notion of the ‘steroid mentor’, we utilise digital and offline ethnographic data as well as interviews with several anabolics coaches and their clients to shed light upon this practice and interrogate the nexus of harm-reduction, IPED normalisation, and the health and fitness industry. The article first examines the anabolics coaching market, before addressing coach and client motivation, as well as the troubling crossover between coaching and supply of IPEDs. It concludes by posing the question of whether anabolics coaching represents an ‘emic’ form of harm reduction, or whether it undermines and contradicts the public health efforts to promote safe consumption practices, where we ultimately argue that, although not unproblematic, anabolics coaching has the potential to bolster safer consuming practices and reduce IPED-related harm.

EFFICACY OF A MUSIC-BASED INTERVENTION ON ENHANCEMENT OF TREATMENT MOTIVATION AMONG CLIENTS WITH SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS IN RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT IN KENYA

Abstract
 Although evidence suggests music-based interventions (MBI) may help enhance treatment motivation, their efficacy was generally untested among the Kenyan population. This motivated the current study to test the efficacy of an MBI on treatment motivation of clients with substance use disorder (SUD) in a selected treatment center. Subjects were 40 clients in a residential treatment facility with two branches. A quasi-experiment, nonequivalent control group pre-test post-test design was used. The treatment group, with 20 clients in branch A, received MBI in addition to treatment as usual (TAU) while the control, comprising 20 clients in branch B, only received the TAU in the same period. A TM test using the TCU/SRF Treatment Motivation scale was administered to both groups before and after the four weeks of MBI on the treatment group. Findings showed that the treatment group had significantly higher levels of treatment motivation at post-test compared to the control group after controlling for various covariates, suggesting that MBI may have contributed to the increased TM in the treatment group. This implies that MBI may be a promising intervention in enhancing treatment motivation among clients with SUD in treatment settings in Kenya.

Exploring the Effectiveness of Counseling Intervention on Sedative Drug Addiction at Penjara Kajang

The COVID-19 pandemic which strike Malaysia and worldwide is a nightmare for most individuals. It brought various implications that in turn change the pattern of human’s life. There are some individuals who fail to adapt causing them to experience emotional disturbances that contribute to mental health problems. It also contributes to various social problems including drug abuse, domestic violence, divorce and others. Hence, this study was conducted to identify the causes and effects of sedative drug abuse as well as to examine the level of effectiveness of counseling interventions and coping strategies in solving this problem. This study was conducted qualitatively involving interview sessions and individual counseling sessions to one of the detainees in Kajang Prison who was involved in sedative drug abuse. The implementation of counseling sessions through Motivational Interviewing (MI) approach and Reality Therapy were conducted. The use of Motivational Interviewing in the initial session is seen to be effective in increasing client motivation. While the use of reality theory is seen to help clients in making decisions, plan and taking action. In conclusion, the right and proper counselling approach can help clients in the issue of drug addiction as well as the selection of coping strategies in dealing with the problems faced.

Therapists' Views of Mechanisms of Change in Psychotherapy: A Mixed-Method Approach.

The question of what works in psychotherapy has been a subject of debate in the recent years, occupying both clinicians and researchers. In this study, we aimed to assess the current perspectives held by clinicians regarding the processes which produce changes in psychotherapy, as well as the predictors of specific views. Licensed therapists (n = 107), consisting mainly of psychodynamically and integratively oriented psychologists, were asked to write in their own words what they think works in psychotherapy. Thematic analysis was employed to assess the main mechanisms of change as perceived by the therapists. Differences in the prevalence of specific themes were assessed using Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Univariate logistic regressions were employed to assess the factors that predict the probability of reporting a specific mechanism of change. The results indicated that the therapeutic bond was the most highly reported mechanism of change, followed by theory-driven mechanisms of change, therapist characteristics, therapist professionalism, and client motivation. Male therapists were more likely to indicate the professionalism as a mechanism of change compared to female therapists. Higher education was associated with lower reports of therapists’ characteristics as the mechanisms of change. These results suggest that therapists acknowledge the importance of the working alliance, and that the perception of the mechanism of change is associated with various factors which comprise therapist orientation. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.