Cleanup Facility Research Articles

Commissioning of the Catalytic Plasma Exhaust Clean-Up Facility Caprice and First Experimental Results

A fuel clean-up process for all plasma exhaust gases from DT fusion machines, based on catalytic conversion reactions combined with permeation of hydrogen isotopes through palladium/silver, has been developed. The complete process has already been proven with relevant concentrations of tritium at laboratory scale. On the basis of the results obtained the technical facility 'CAPRICE' was designed, and is now under tritium operation at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK). The facility is being used to demonstrate the process on a target throughput of 10 mol/h DT and 1 mol/h tritiated and non-tritiated impurities. Full scale experiments with hydrogen and deuterium have been completed to verify the design parameters of the facility and to gain detailed knowledge on the performance of the different subsystems under a variety of experimental conditions. Decontamination factors were obtained from these experiments as well as from first tritium runs employing about 350 Ci (0.5 %) tritium in deuterium.

The Cryogenic Diffusion Pump - An Advanced Design for Fusion Reactor Primary Pumping and Fuel Processing

A re-evaluation of the characteristics of the intermediate flow regime with simultaneous thermal accommodation has shown the full potential of the Cryogenic Diffusion Pump for Fusion Reactor applications. A device with a characteristic diameter of 1m will have a pumping speed of 150m3s−1 for Deuterium at an inlet pressure of 2 × 10−2 Pa (Reactor Burn phase) and 400m3s−1 at an inlet pressure of 0.1 Pa (Reactor Dwell phase). Simultaneously, it separates impurities, Hydrogen isotopes and Helium and compresses the Helium. The Helium compression ratio (already proven to be ≥25 for 3% Helium in D2) can be further enhanced by additional D2 or He driven Diffusion Pump and Ejector stages. The latter feature will also simplify pumping requirements for the Helium Glow Discharge scenario: recirculation of Helium at 0.1 Pa (driven by D2 or He Ejector) and simultaneous removal of DT and impurities by cryocondensation requires no mechanical pump at all or only small turbomolecular-drag pump combinations for He jet drive. The design offers superior tritium compatibility: all metal, fully bakeable, it avoids use of absorbers and argon for helium pumping, thereby reducing overall tritium inventory both in the pump itself and by replacing major fuel clean-up facilities. The advantages of using the Cryogenic Diffusion Pump in a Fusion Reactor Vacuum System are discussed in detail.

Coal‐gas cleanup facility

AbstractAn experimental unit employing the Benfield system adequately scrubs sulfur compounds over a wide range of gas compositions and operating conditions.

THE ROLE OF AN INDUSTRY SANITATION CONSULTANT IN FOOD PLANT SANITATION AS RELATED TO REGULATORY COMPLIANCE

Modern day food sanitation is not concerned primarily with aesthetic cleanliness but with freedom from disease carrying factors within the plant.This latter involves considerable understanding and activity on the part of food plants, such as management; employees must be trained in simple hygiene; the plant must be free from parasitic vermin; there must be adequate clean-up facilities; and there must be proper quality control facilities which embrace sanitation as well as product control.Why do sanitation hazards, subject to regulatory control occur? This problem is discussed in detail. Then the role of the industry private consultant is discussed under five basic headings: (a) enlightenment of management as to scope and responsibilities, (b) techniques for doing this throughout corporate structure, (c) determination of deficiencies within individual plants, (d) the setting up of programs for correcting deficiencies, and (e) scheduling and training of employees.The Sanitation Consultant also has a role in helping management prepare for regulatory citations in order to present the best possible picture and to aid the industrial firm in developing programs that will be effective in bringing about preventive sanitation for the future, rather than mere correction.Finally, an industry Sanitation Consultant can be used to great advantages by manufacturing firms to advise and supplement, in the event of large chain organizations, their own Corporate Sanitarians. In some instances, a Consulting Sanitarian may be retained to actually serve with the staff as the Company's Corporate Sanitarian.