Classic Textbook Research Articles

Significance of Mrudu Virechan (laxatives) and Specific Medicines in the Management of Bronchial Asthma: A Case Report

Difficulty in breathing, shortness of breath, fever, and cough are common respiratory complaints seen in bronchial asthma. It is the most prevalent chronic health issue affecting individuals in the paediatric age group. Tamaka Shwasa is one among the five varieties of Shwasa Roga in Ayurveda. The purpose of present case study was to examine how an Ayurvedic treatment plan might be applied to cases of bronchial asthma. Hereby, the authors present a case report of a 10-year-old female child who was brought to the clinic by her parents, presenting with complaints of difficulty in breathing, shortness of breath, and occasional sneezing. Based on the history taken and clinical examination, she was diagnosed as a case of Tamaka Shwasa, having suffered from it since, the age of five. The child was treated according to the treatment protocol cited in classic text books of Ayurveda that is Virechana and other medications, for a period of two months, divided into two sittings. After two months, there was a notable decline in clinical features, such as cough, breathlessness, and cold, as reported by her mother. Additionally, there was a decrease in the eosinophil count. The present case study demonstrates the role of Ayurveda in the management of bronchial asthma.

Alexander Grigoryevich Lyutkevich - a prominent figure in Russian ophthalmology and public health. (On the 155th anniversary of his birth)

This article, composed using literary sources and archival materials, is dedicated to the 155th anniversary of Alexander Grigoryevich Lyutkevich - a prominent Russian ophthalmologist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries (12.09.1867-18.04.1928) and one of the founders of the Voronezh Medical Institute. The paper traces the main stages of his biography, notes his work in rapid-reaction emergency care units, and pays attention to his teaching activities. The importance of Lyutkevich's doctoral dissertation on the treatment of high myopia is emphasized. The article also highlights his important role as editor of the classic textbook "Course of eye diseases" by A.A. Kryukov. In Lyutkevich's public activities, his contribution to the establishment of the Society of Ophthalmologists in Moscow is particularly noteworthy. Lyutkevich's high organizational skills are highlighted, which were clearly manifested in the Yuriev University and in the creation of the medical faculty of the Voronezh University.

Pemikiran Ulama Muta’akhkhirin Berhubung Pengamalan Konsep Talfiq Dalam Penyelesaian Hukum Syarak The Muta’akhkhirin Scholars’ Perspective on the Implementation of the Talfiq Concept in Resolving Islamic Legal Issues

Talfiq is one of the methodologies to create the resolution of hukm based on the treasure of fiqh introduced by classical Islamic scholars. Despite that, the use of this methodology is still debatable and remains as mahal al-khilaf by scholars. The mut’akhkhirin scholars are most of the numerous groups that are against this concept. This contradicts the modern scholars who tend to adopt this concept to arrive at an opinion that is suitable with modern and current issues. Therefore, this article will analyse several views from the muta’akhkhirin scholars regarding the use of talfiq. This study was conducted with the qualitative method, collecting data from turath literature (classical textbooks) written by the muta’akhkhirin scholars, and it will end with analyse with the thematic methods. The result of the study found that the stick of view by the muta’akhkhirin scholars against the practice of talfiq has their own basis. The study found three main bases against the practice of talfiq; 1. The use of talfiq will lead to arriving at an opinion that is rejected by the majority of the scholars; 2. The use of the talfiq will lead to the practice of tatabbu‘ al-rukhas; and 3. The use of talfiq will lead to harm to religion.

CONCEPT OF MUKHA SWASTHYA (ORAL HYGIENE) WITH AYURVEDIC PER-SPECTIVE

Background: Mukha is an Anga who is exposed to several risk factors on a regular basis, hence Mukha Swasthya (oral hygiene) is becoming more and more significant. Tobacco chewing, smoking, and other habits have increased the prevalence of oral cavity diseases. In Ayurveda, Dantdhawana, Kavala, Gandusha, and various other remedies are mentioned to maintain Mukha Swasthya. Ayurvedic classical texts prescribe Dan-tadhwana by Datuna (Chewing Sticks) in the morning and after every meal to prevent mouth ailments. Kavala comprises swishing a certain oil or herbal decoction in the mouth for a particular duration, whereas Gandusha involves retaining a larger quantity of liquid in the oral cavity for a longer period of time. Both treatments pro-mote comprehensive cleansing by eliminating dirt, pollutants, and potentially hazardous germs from the mouth and throat. Material and Method: This review paper has been taken from different Ayurvedic classical textbooks, Text-books of Swasthavritta, and various modern and Ayurvedic research papers from PubMed, Google scholar, SCI etc. Discussion: Ayurveda defines Dantdhawana vidhi as routine oral hygiene maintenance procedure in Dinachar-ya, including Kavala, Gandusha etc. Similar to this, modern practices like tooth brushing and gargling help to maintain oral hygiene to become healthy and free of diseases. These practices enhance dental health, reduce plaque formation, prevent cavities, alleviate halitosis, and promote gum health. Dantadhawana with its antimi-crobial, anti-inflammatory, and tissue-strengthening properties, may contribute to improving oral hygiene and gum health. On the other hand, in Kavala and Gandusha, the swishing action and the prolonged contact of the liquid with the oral tissues enhance the absorption of these beneficial compounds, aiding in the removal of pathogens and the restoration of oral balance. Result: A vital sign of general health, happiness, and quality of life is good oral health. Dental caries, periodon-tal disease, tooth loss, oral cancer, orodental trauma, noma, and congenital impairments including cleft lip and palate are just a few of the illnesses and problems it covers. In Charaka Samhita, Dantadhawana is mentioned as the subset of Dincharya, whereas it was referenced by Acharya Sushruta in the section on cures (Chikista Sthana) and Ashtanga Hridaya primarily mentioned its preventive aspects. In various studies, it is found that Dantadhawana makes natural whitening of teeth, improves oral hygiene, Strengthen teeth and gum. Whereas Kavala and Gandusha help in reduction of harmful bacteria, makes breathe fresh, enhances oral health, nourish oral tissues.

Reflections of Parents of Elementary School Pupils in the Republic of Croatia About the Use of Tablets in Class

In the last three years, there have been changes that contributed to the introduction of modern technology, i.e., tablets, into the teaching process. "Refreshment" was needed to continue. The need for effective, interesting, and motivating teaching has become evident. The use of tablets in class can certainly meet these needs. The goal was to determine the thoughts and attitudes of parents of elementary school children about the use of tablets: do they agree that tablets should replace classic textbooks in classes? Research was conducted on a sample of 1,403 parents of children who attended elementary school. The results show that 49.0% of respondents state that their child often uses a tablet in class. Furthermore, 69.6% of parents fully agree with the statement that the use of modern technology in teaching is good to know. 67.3% strongly disagree with the possibility of replacing classic textbooks with tablets in class. Parents: 42.6% of them think that the tablet does not make it easier for the child to learn, and 34.0% of the research participants could not make up their minds about the set items. 80.4% of parents believe that excessive use of tablets by children is addictive.

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF T.RENAL-KFT, AN AYURVEDIC POLY HERBO-METALLIC FORMULATION

T. Renal KFT is a poly herbo-metallic composition in tablet form which includes a total of 24 herbs and properly processed metals which is used to treat symptoms of CKD including oedema, reduced urinary output, anemia and other associated symptoms. These herbs are selected in such a way which are been used in traditional sciences since long back. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible mode of action of the composition based on the classical properties mentioned in the textbooks and also evaluating its pharmacological and biological activities. Classical textbooks, API, Various databases and search engines were used to screen and extract the related data. All the herbs and metals used in the formulation possess numerous active constituents which are responsible for exhibiting multiple actions such as Anti-inflammatory, Diuretic, Anti-lithiatic, Anti-anaemic, Hepato-protective, Immunomodulatory activities etc. Hence, this can be used as a potent alternative for the various associated symptoms of CKD.

Almond (Prunus amygdalus L.): A source of revitalizing health and its therapeutic application

Nature is the source of some exquisite food products, having a wondrous amalgam of beneficial bioactive compounds with diverse health effects, often unattainable in synthetic products. Almond is a one of the valuable health benefiting food, from the Rosaceae family, have long been known as a source of essential nutrients; nowadays, they are in demand as a healthy food with increasing popularity for the general population and producers. They are native to the region which extends from India to Persia; the almond tree had spread to east and west of its native region thousands of years before Christ. Bitter and sweet almond are its types. It consists of Kernel or meat, mid shell and outer green shell. They are a rich source of vitamin E, dietary fiber, B-vitamins, proteins, calcium, magnesium, mono-unsaturated fats and phytosterols. This is also one of the classical Unani drugs prescribed by Hakeems in different body ailments. In Unani literature, it is mainly described as Muqawwī-i-dimāgh (Brain tonic), Murattib-i-dimāgh (Brain demulcent), Mulayyin (Laxative), Muqawwī-i-bāh (Aphrodisiac) and Mughadhdhi (Nutritious) etc. This is a review paper which discuss morphology, pharmacological action, ethno-medicinal and therapeutic uses of this medicinal plant in perspective of Unani medicine. This review has been done through online searches of databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, science direct and hand search for classical textbook available in libraries. It concluded that Almond is one of the best herbal medicines in treatment of Palpitation, Amnesia, Hyperlipidemic, Sexual Debility, Dysmenorrhea, as it possess the following properties Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Antihypertensive, Anti-inflammatory, Immunity enhancer, Hepato-protective Neuro-protective.
 Keywords: Unani System of Medicine, Almond, Badam Shireen, Neuroprotective, Immunobooster, Muqawwī-i-dimāgh

Need of Standardization of Ayurveda Formulations

Standardization of herbal formulations is a process of setting some standard parameters which are essential for assuring the quality of the herbal formulations and it should be reproducible at any time of stability period of that formulations. Today many people all over the world experiencing the side effects of Modern medicine are shifting towards the traditional medical systems, among them most widely accepted is Ayurveda. Increased demand of herbal medicines, along with disparity in demand and supply of raw materials and profit mindedness of pharmaceutical agencies, has resulted substandard and unsafe products. The adulteration and substitution of drugs, methods of collection, storage and preservation of raw drugs, controversial opinions regarding formulations in classical text books, addition of preservatives and improper purification of toxic herbal and mineral drugs are the main problems that leading to the production of substandard and unsafe products. Authorities like WHO and Govt. of India has taken steps to standardize the individual drugs and formulations. Ministry of AYUSH have given the standard parameters for different types of preparations and few of the individual formulations are standardized in Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of India. As the general population uses Ayurvedic medicines mainly as polyherbal formulations, standardization of each formulations is a need of hour for ensuring the quality medicines that leading to the global acceptance of Ayurveda.

A Review of Annavaha Sroto Viddha Laksana w.s.r to Andhya

Ayurveda has given vividly description about the anatomy and physiology of the human in terms of Dosha, Dhatu, Malas and Srotas, Kostha, Kostangas etc. in ancient times. The physiology and pathology concept of human body cannot be clear without the thorough knowledge of Srotas. Therefore, from treatment point of view the consideration of Srotas are very important. Annavaha Srotas is one of the important Srotas in body described well with Moolsthan, Srotodushti Hetu, Lakshan, in Viman Sthan by Acharya Charaka. But Acharya Sushruta mentioned Moolsthan, Viddha Lakshana. The Stressful and busy lifestyle denotes almost all Hetus of Annavaha Srotas Dushti in terms of Annapachan Vikruti. According to Acharya Sushruta, Food carrying channels are two with their roots being Amasaya and Annavahi Dhamanis, if injured, it causes Addhmana, Shula, Annadwesha, Chhardi, Pipasa, Andhya and Maran. Aim and Objective: 1. To study the Annavaha Srotas in detail as per Ayurvedic classical text. 2. To know the Andhyata in detail and its interrelation to with Annavaha Srotas Dushti. Literary references are carried out from the classical text book of Ayurveda, various research articles and previous verse related to topic. The role of digestion & its blood supply related to that stomach. So, the other moolsthan as Annavahi Dhamani. Any injury to the Blood vessel in GIT, which may involve all over the body & that may lead to reason of Andhyata.

The coracobrachialis muscle: typical morphology, accessory forms, and the issues with terminology

The coracobrachialis muscle (CB) represents one of the anterior arm compartment muscles. It has been defined by classic anatomy textbooks and old papers, as a muscle of one belly arising from the coracoid process tip and partially from the tendon of the biceps brachii short head, and inserted into the humeral shaft, above the bone’s midpoint. However, recent cadaveric studies have confirmed that in the majority of cases, the CB is a two-headed muscle consisting of a superficial and a deep head. This finding has caused confusion regarding the terminology of CB’s morphology. Typical CB morphology, according to recent data should not be considered the muscle of one belly, but the two-headed muscle. In particular, the musculocutaneous nerve’s (MCN) course plays an important role in defining the CB morphological characteristics. If the MCN courses medially to the CB, with no signs of penetration after dissection, it can be concluded, that the CB is composed of one head; otherwise, if the muscle is composed of two or more heads, the MCN will courses between the CB bellies. In conclusion, it is of paramount importance to adopt common-universal terminology. Hence, considering recent findings, if the CB origin and/or the insertion differs from the typical anatomy, an “atypical CB” is the proper definition of the muscle, while if this “atypical CB” coexists with a typical CB, the terminology “accessory CB” may be used.

PANCHAGAVYA IN HUMAN LIFE AND HEALTH: A REVIEW

Gomutra (cow ghee), gomaya (cow dung), ksheera (cow milk), dadhi (cow curd) and sarpi (cow ghee) cumulatively known as Panchagavya. In India, the cow is worshipped as mother and commonly known as ‘Gaumata’. The ratio of ksheera, dadhi, ghrita, gomutra and gomaya is 16:10:8:2:1 according to Shastra yoga, and in Rastargini, it is 1:1:1:1:1 in panchagavya. panchagavya holds traditional as well as ritual values in human life. Each component of panchagavya also has medicinal properties individually. To assess the role of panchagavya and its therapeutic benefits in our day-to-day life and health and to untapped hidden areas mentioned about panchagavya in Ayurveda. Different Ayurvedic classical textbooks, research papers and journals were referred to. After a review of many Ayurvedic literatures and other data sources, the importance of panchagavya was seen. In Ayurveda, panchagavya has a great role in GIT and skin disorders. Panchagavya is also used in havan karma, which also purifies the environment and devotees. Panchagavya products serve irreplaceable medicinal importance in Ayurveda. It is also used in traditional Hindu rituals. During a pandemic, the importance of panchagavya was noticeable. In Ayurveda, there are many Ayurvedic formulations where gomutra and sarpi are used. For example, gomutra is used as bhavana dravya in Sanjeevani vati.

Standardisation of Kuvalayaghrta: A Potential Nootropic Supplement

Nootropics are groups of medicines which are known to act as memory enhancers. There is a growing need for such medicines from alternate systems of medicine to prevent or delay memory loss and related disorders. Classical textbooks in Ayurveda describe a group called as Medhya Rasayana, which act as neuro-nutrients. Chathushkuvalaya Rasayana is one such ghee preparation mentioned in Ashtangahrdaya. In it, Kuvalaya, botanically identified in Kerala as Monochoria vaginalis Presl. is the only herbal ingredient. Though Kuvalaya has been considered widely as a memory enhancer, there is scarce published literature regarding standardisation aspects of Kuvalaya ghrta. In this work, we have phytochemically standardized the ingredients of Kuvalayaghrta including its Atomic Absorption spectroscopy, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) profiling followed by the preparation of the ghrta(ghee) according to the standard procedure mentioned in Ayurvedic Formulary of India. Kuvalayaghrta was also standardised physicochemically and was found to be safe for internal administration. All the observations obtained in this study can be used for future reference.

Systemic validation of mono-herbal Siddha formulation Kanduparangi chooranam through ICP-OES, GC-MS and microbial contamination analysis

Introduction: Standardization of the Siddha drugs is the process that enhances the quality of the drug before entering into industrial purposes in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences. The reports from the instrumental analysis give adequate details to claim the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs without any hazardous effects which are already quoted in the Siddha classical textbooks. Materials and methods: The drug Kanduparangi chooranam was analyzed by the following methods, Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), total and specific microbial contamination test and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Results and discussion: ICP-OES results of Kanduparangi chooranam showed that the toxic heavy metals like As, Cd, Hg and Pb were Below Detection Limit (BDL). The total viable aerobic bacterial count and total viable fungal count of Kanduparangi chooranam showed that 9.2x 102 and 12.3 x 102 respectively detected level contamination were under the limits value of safety as per WHO guidelines. Specific microbial contamination test of Kanduparangi chooranam showed that there was no growth of the following microorganisms, Salmonella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. GC-MS analysis revealed that there was no trace of chemical compounds of Organo-pesticide residues (Chlorine, Phophorus & Pyrithroids) and Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2. Conclusion: Kanduparangi chooranam which was prepared from purified roots of Pygmaeopremna herbacea in a proper way as per the Siddha classical method, is useful for treatment purposes devoid of toxic heavy metals, microbes, pesticides and aflatoxins.

Nasal application of sesame oil-based Anu taila as ‘biological mask’ for respiratory health during COVID-19

This article narrates the potential role of sesame oil-based Anu taila for respiratory health and the prevention of COVID-19. Ayurveda recommends the use of sesame oil and A. taila as a part of daily routine (dinacharya) for oral gargling and transnasal application (Nasya) for preventing upper respiratory tract infections. Recent studies on COVID-19 have elucidated the activity of certain fatty acids in restricting viral binding. Based on the evidence gathered from in-silico, pre-clinical, and pharmacological studies as well as references from classical textbooks of Ayurveda, this article infers that the transnasal application of sesame oil and/or A. taila could provide resilience/protection to the respiratory system. It can act as a ‘biological mask’ to prevent respiratory infections like COVID-19. Detailed pharmacological study can give fuller confirmation of our informed “inference” that A. taila offers a cost-effective intervention for the prevention of COVID-19 like infections of the upper respiratory tract.

Single Herbs and Diet Propagated by Classical <i>Ayurvedic</i> Texts for Improving ‘Gut Health’ as Indicated in <i>Grahani</i> (Irritable Bowel Syndrome) - A Review

‘Gut’ is being referred to as ‘second brain’ as the role played by the gut is very crucial to health. In continuation, the gut microbiome is a part of gut health. Diet plays an important role in maintaining the healthy microbiome. A close correlation to gut health is found to Grahani mentioned in Ayurveda. The word ‘Grahani’ is used to specify the organ ‘Grahani’ correlated as duodenum and the disease ‘Grahani’ whose clinical presentation of alternating frequent watery bowels, and constipation blood-stained stools can be correlated to Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). This disease is attributed to the pathology of the Annavaha srotas (channels carrying the food and the related organs). Even with medical intervention, Ahara (food) is to be planned with utmost care and sensitivity. In Grahani, the treatments and diet prescribed are meant for the healing and recovery of the alimentary tract, they are inclusive of the gut microbiome also. Hence a literature review of the Brhatrayis - the three major classical textbooks in Ayurveda: Charaka Samhita, Susruta Samhita and Ashtanga Sangraha and Hrdaya were reviewed for the single herbs and diet recommendations in Grahani. Articles supporting this fact from modern pharmacology were added as supporting documents. No review has been done so far exploring into the depths of the Ayurvedic Samhitas regarding the single herbs and diet mentioned to address gastric ailments thus relating to the gut and gut health. This article aims at filling this lacuna.

UNDERSTANDING OF KSHALANA KARMA AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF BHAGANDARA (FISTULA IN ANO)

Therapeutically the word Kshalana(irrigation) means the irrigation of the affected site using a suitable solution for the purpose of purification[1]. It is mentioned in the classical textbooks of ayurveda as Poorvakarma, Pradhana karma, and Paschath karma. Kshalana is beneficial in controlling foul-smelling and slimy exudating conditions like ulcers, vaginal infections, etc. A fistula in an ano is an abnormal tract or cavity lined with unhealthy granulation tissue that connects a primary opening inside the anal canal to a secondary opening in the perianal skin[2]. Its prevalence is the second highest after haemorrhoids among anorectal diseases. In Ayurveda, fistula in ano is correlated with the vyadhi Bhagandara (fistula in ano). Modern medical managements have its own limitations, even with various surgical modalities. Due to the presence of irritant discharges and non-dependent drainage, fistula in ano seldom shows healing intention[3]. Although Ayurvedic classics explain various treatment modalities for the management of fistula in ano, Ksharasuthra therapy owes the glorious part of management. But improper pus drainage, pus stagnation, and microbial invasion hinder the action of Ksharasuthra. Kshalana is a simple and cost-effective therapeutic technique. The present review focuses on the understanding of Kshalana karma along with its mode of action and application in fistula in ano.

A literary review of Tamra (copper) w.s.r. to its role in Hepatomegaly

Rasashastra is a branch of Ayurveda dealing with metal & minerals. The Rasa Aushadhi are the back bone of Ayurvedic medicine. Metal and mineral are the integral part of therapeutics in Ayurveda and Tamra is one such metal which is highly poisonous & several times more poisonous than poison itself because one poison cause only one Dosha (toxic effect) while unpurified and unreduced Tamra may have eight Dosha.[1] Which has been described as Ashtamahadosa in classical text book. but if this Tamra is well processed through all pharmaceuticals process, it can be converted into one of the best and effective medicine. Tamra Bhasma is useful in treatment in various disease condition like Udar Vyadhi, Pandu[2] etc. In this study a descriptive study of Tamra and its therapeutic potential basis which are mentioned in our classical Ayurveda textbook with special reference to its role in Hepatomegaly is studied by searching and analyzing all Ayurvedic and all modern perspective.

DIAGNOSIS OF UNMADA THROUGH NATAL HOROSCOPE – A CASE STUDY

Medical astrology is the branch of Vedic astrology that deals with health. The horoscope is a blueprint of the whole being, reflecting the complex interaction of the body, mind, and soul. By the complementary combination of Kaalachakra (the wheel of time) and Rashichakra (the circle of the zodiac) and thereby distinguishing various ailments on various organs as indicated by the zodiac circle, a smart diagnostic methodology has been instituted by medical astrology. Ayurveda has incorporated three types of diseases namely Drustapacharaja (doshaja), Purvaparadhaja (karmaja), and Sankara (mixed). Among them, Karmaja vyadhi can be diagnosed and treated with the help of Vedic medical astrology. With the help of the natal horoscope the onset of the disease, the nature of the disease, the diagnosis of the disease, the severity of the disease, and the treatment of the disease can be understood. In this article, an attempt has been made to assess the natal horoscope of a patient who is suffering from mental illness since childhood taking the help of classical and contemporary text books of Astrology and applying their principles in analyzing the combination and aspects of the related planets.

Effect of Brahmi (Bacopa Monnieri) in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease from Ayurvedic Perspective - A Systematic Review

Objectives: Treatment of Alzheimer’s disease is the worldwide problem as it is having major impact on the memory. Ayurveda science describes Brahmi (Bacopa Monnieri) as memory enhancing drug which can improve the memory power in the Alzheimer’s disease. Data Sources: Classical textbooks and published research studies were searched in the context of use of Brahmi (Bacopa Monnieri) in the Alzheimer’s disease. Online search engines namely J gate, Google scholar, PubMed, DHARA online and AYUSH research portal were used for data mining of published research works. Review Methods: References and studies including the effect of Brahmi (Bacopa Monnieri) in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease were reviewed and reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. We include randomized controlled trials with mild cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease which involves Bacopa Monnieri, its extract or its active ingredients. Results and Discussion: 5 studies found eligible for the search. Two studies used extracts of Bacopa Monnieri extracts while three studies used other drugs in combination with the Bacopa Monnieri extract. The cognitive subscale scores of the Alzheimer’s disease Assessment scale found in one study, mini mental state examination scores were found in three studies. All the studies found a significant difference in statistics. Hence, Brahmi (Bacopa Monnieri) may find to be effective in Alzheimer’s disease and its equivalent disease in Ayurveda. Conclusion: The evidence obtained from the present systematic review is of very low certainty. The evidence from 5 trials suggests that there is a very little difference between Bacopa Monnieri and a placebo or donepezil in the treatment of Alzheimer disease or mild cognitive impairment which needs to find in further future studies No major safety issues were reported in the trials included in this review.

LOWER URINARY TRACT INFECTION- AN AYURVEDIC VIEW

Introduction: Urinary tract infections(UTIs) are some of the most common bacterial infections, affecting 150 million people each year worldwide. Among all infections, infection of the urinary tract is the second most common type of infection. It can be classified into two types, such as Lower urinary tract infections and Upper urinary tract infections. Methodology: According to Ayurveda UTI can be correlated with Mutrakrichra. Mutrakrichra is described in all major classical textbooks of Ayurveda. Detailed information regarding various aspects of the disease is available in the different textbooks of Ayurveda along with different forms of Sodhana and Samana Chikitsa. Result and Discussion: It is a Basti marmagata vikara. As Basti (Bladder) is one among the Trimarma, management of the disorders related to it has greater therapeutic importance. It will be highly beneficial for society if effective Ayurvedic management is introduced after evaluating the disease from an Ayurvedic view.