A study on piled raft system in collapsible clayey gypseous soil

A unified Stefan–Scott theory for squeeze-film lubrication between non-uniformly deforming boundaries

Among the numerous interaction potentials available for water, MB-pol and TIP4P/2005 are popular choices to model both gas and condensed phases. Here, we examine the intermediate case of finite clusters for 6 and 8 molecules, with a thorough survey of the energy landscapes using a combination of basin-hopping global optimization and discrete path sampling methods. The two potentials predict qualitatively similar energy landscapes for both the hexamer and octamer. However, important differences arise due to changes in the energetic ordering of corresponding minima, including the global minimum itself. Differences in the classical heat capacities are relatively modest and mostly occur at low temperatures as a result of transitions between competing isomers. The heat capacity peaks can be assigned and interpreted using the temperature gradient of the occupation probabilities and involve only a few minima. The polarizable and flexible MB-pol model is more sophisticated than the rigid, non-polarizable TIP4P/2005 model and produces different intermediates in the isomerization pathways between low-energy configurations of the hexamer. In contrast, the pathways connecting low-lying cubic isomers of the octamer agree quantitatively between the two models, aside from some energetic reordering.

Quantum queue-channels arise naturally in the context of buffering in quantum networks, wherein the noise suffered by the quantum states depends on the time spent waiting in the buffer. Mandayam (2020) derived a simple upper bound on the classical capacity of an additive queue-channel and showed it to be achievable for the erasure and depolarizing channels. In this article, we characterize the classical capacity for the class of unital qubit queue-channels and show that a simple product (nonentangled) decoding strategy is capacity achieving. As an intermediate step, we present a simpler derivation of an explicit capacity-achieving product decoding strategy for any independent identically distributed unital qubit channel, which may be of interest. As an important special case, we also derive the capacity and optimal decoding strategies for a symmetric generalized amplitude damping queue-channel. Our results provide useful insights toward designing practical quantum communication networks and highlight the need to explicitly model the impact of buffering.

This paper is an overview of quantum communication and propose the future directions of quantum communication, Quantum communication is a far more efficient technology compared with classical communication greater information storage capacity, higher security provided by quantum key which based on basic quantum mechanics laws and faster transmission speed without the limitation of distance. It is a mainstream of future communication developing direction. This paper depicts the basic architecture of quantum communication from different perspectives such as quantum internet, quantum key distribution and integration of quantum communication with other frontier technology. This gives a brief picture of current development of quantum communication. By integrating previous research, this paper demonstrated several existing challenges in decoherence, scalability of quantum network and verification and certification of information. Then this paper analysis the feasibility of solutions to those problems. Finaly, list the opportunities of quantum communication and its benefits, giving directions of future development like integrate photonic technology and free space quantum communication.

The stabilization of soft clay soils using nanomaterials offers a promising alternative to conventional additives such as lime and cement, yet most studies remain deterministic, neglecting soil variability and treatment geometry. This study proposes an experimental–probabilistic framework combining triaxial shear and model footing tests with Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate nano-SiO₂, nano-MgO, and nano-clay. Dosages from 1% to 5% were examined, and 3% was selected as optimal based on strength improvement and economic feasibility. Classical bearing capacity models (Terzaghi, Meyerhof, Hansen) were applied and calibrated using regression factors, with input variability modeled under normal and lognormal distributions. Results indicate that nano-MgO achieved the lowest probability of failure ( < 0.1), nano-SiO₂ showed intermediate but geometry-sensitive performance, and nano-clay provided limited reliability. The calibrated Terzaghi model (R² = 0.742) yielded the most consistent predictions. Enlarged treatment zones improved stress redistribution and reduced failure risk. The study also identifies priorities for future work: durability under cyclic loading, hybrid nanomaterial blends (e.g., SiO₂ + MgO), and scalability for large infrastructure projects. Collectively, the findings establish a reliability-based framework that integrates probabilistic modeling, calibration, and material geometry optimization for resilient geotechnical design.

The private classical capacity region of classical–quantum broadcasting channel with three receivers

Climate change has intensified rainfall variability, droughts, and temperature extremes, amplifying the risks of instability and deformation in geotechnical infrastructure. Traditional saturated soil frameworks are inadequate to capture these effects, whereas unsaturated soil mechanics (USM) offers a more realistic basis for understanding soil behavior under fluctuating hydro-climatic conditions. This paper reviews the critical role of USM in advancing climate-resilient geotechnical engineering. Key challenges include the complexity of soil–atmosphere exchanges, hydraulic hysteresis, scaling from laboratory to field, and uncertainty in climate projections. Concurrently, opportunities are emerging through advanced monitoring, innovative experimental techniques, computational modeling, climate integration, and reliability-based design. By extending classical bearing capacity models, this study integrates USM to more accurately predict geostructure performance. Analytical insights, supported by case studies, demonstrate the influence of rainfall-induced infiltration on slope stability, shallow foundation capacity, and column-supported embankments. Results reveal that suction enhances soil strength but may diminish rapidly during infiltration, heightening failure risk. The study advocates embedding USM into design codes, modeling frameworks, and early-warning systems to move from reactive to proactive resilience. Bridging theory and practice, it provides a pathway for adapting geotechnical systems to climate variability and ensuring long-term infrastructure durability.

Hybrid composite pile foundations face critical challenges in terms of optimizing load transfer mechanisms across variable soil densities, particularly in regions like Kano, Nigeria, characterized by loose to dense sandy deposits and fluctuating groundwater levels. This study addresses the need for sustainable, high-performance foundation systems that are adaptable to diverse geotechnical conditions. The research evaluates the mechanical behavior of steel–concrete and timber–concrete hybrid piles, quantifying skin friction dynamics, combining eight (8) classical ultimate bearing capacity (UBC) methods (Vesic, Hansen, Coyle and Castello, etc.) with numerical simulations, and assessing load distribution across sand relative densities (10%, 35%, 50%, 75%, 95%). Laboratory investigations included the geotechnical characterization of Wudil River well-graded sand (SW), direct shear tests, and interface shear tests on composite materials. Relative densities were calibrated using electro-pneumatic compaction. Increasing Dr from 10% to 95% reduced void ratios (0.886–0.476) and permeability (0.01–0.0001 cm/s) while elevating dry unit weight (14.1–18.0 kN/m3). Skin friction angles rose from 12.8° (steel–concrete) to 37.4° (timber–concrete) at Dr = 95%, with timber interfaces outperforming steel by 7.4° at Dr = 10%. UBC for steel–concrete piles spanned from 353.1 kN (Vesic, Dr = 10%) to 14,379 kN (Vesic, Dr = 95%), while timber–concrete systems achieved 9537.5 kN (Hansen, Dr = 95%). PLAXIS simulations aligned closely with Vesic’s predictions (14,202 vs. 14,379 kN). The study underscores the significance of soil density, material interfaces, and method selection in foundation design.

Thermal transport in amorphous carbon has attracted immense attention due to its extreme thermal properties: It has been reported to have among the highest thermal conductivity for bulk amorphous solids up to ~37 W m−1 K−1, comparable to crystalline sapphire (α-Al2O3). However, mechanism behind the high thermal conductivity remains elusive due to many variables at play. In this work, we perform large-scale (~105 atoms) molecular dynamics simulations utilizing a machine learning potential based on neural networks with first-principles accuracy. Through spectral decomposition of thermal conductivity which enables a quantum correction to classical heat capacity, we find that propagating vibrational excitations govern thermal transport in amorphous carbon (~100 % of thermal conductivity) in sharp contrast to the convention that diffusive vibrational excitations dominate thermal transport in amorphous solids. This remarkable behavior resembles thermal transport in simple crystals. Our work, therefore, provides a perspective that deepens our understanding of intermediate thermal transport mechanisms between the two ends of spectrum of solids: crystalline and amorphous solids.

Abstract Rationale: Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) ligate amino acids to tRNA to facilitate protein translation. In addition to their role in protein synthesis, a number of ARSs are critical for immune cell maturation, recruitment and activation. For example, lysyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (KARS1) ligates lysine to its cognate tRNA, and under homeostatic conditions, is part of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex in the cytosol. However, in pro-inflammatory monocytes and macrophages, KARS1 phosphorylation induces a conformational change that facilitates translocation to the plasma membrane, thereby promoting extracellular matrix-dependent cell migration. Given the central role that interstitial monocytes and macrophages play in pulmonary vascular remodeling, transmembrane KARS1 represents a novel therapeutic target in PAH. Here we determined the proportion of transmembrane KARS1+ circulating immune cells in healthy volunteers and PAH patients. Methods: Whole blood samples were collected in consecutive PAH patients (n=16) enrolled in “A Natural History Study of Novel Biomarkers in PAH” (NCT01730092). Samples from healthy volunteers (n=40) were obtained by the Department of Laboratory Medicine following informed consent. A human, monoclonal antibody was used to detect transmembrane KARS1 (Zymedi, Co. Ltd) by flow cytometry and circulating immune cells were differentiated based on forward and side scatter as well as surface expression of CD45 (leukocytes); CD3, CD4 and CD8 (T-cells); CD19 and CD20 (B-cells); CD11b, CD14 and CD16 (monocytes); CD3, CD16 and CD56 (NK cells); and CD11b and CD16 (neutrophils). Results: Compared to isotype control staining, transmembrane KARS1 was detected on all circulating immune cell subsets examined in healthy volunteers and PAH patients. Compared to healthy volunteers, the proportion of transmembrane KARS1+ classical and intermediate monocytes was significantly higher in PAH patients (p=0.001 and 0.03, respectively). The proportion of KARS1+ classical monocytes inversely correlated with 6-minute walk distance (r = -0.54; p=0.03). Likewise, the proportion of KARS1+ intermediate monocytes inversely correlated with diffusion capacity (r = -0.68; p=0.005). There was a similar, albeit non-significant, inverse correlation between KARS1+ classical monocytes and diffusion capacity (r = -0.49; p=0.06). In this low risk group of PAH patients [median (IQR) REVEAL 2.0 score = 3.5 (3-6)], REVEAL 2.0 score did not significantly correlate with the proportion of KARS1+ classical or intermediate monocytes. Conclusions: Transmembrane KARS1 is detected in circulating immune cells and the proportion of KARS1+ classical and intermediate monocytes is higher in PAH patients compared to healthy controls. Transmembrane KARS1+ monocytes may be a useful marker of PAH disease severity as well as a potential therapeutic target.

The Bekenstein bound posits a maximum entropy for matter with finite energy confined to a spatial region. It is often interpreted as a fundamental limit on the information that can be stored by physical objects. In this work, we test this interpretation by asking whether the Bekenstein bound imposes constraints on a channel's communication capacity, a context in which information can be given a mathematically rigorous and operationally meaningful definition. We study specifically the Unruh channel that describes a stationary Alice exciting different species of free scalar fields to send information to an accelerating Bob, who is confined to a Rindler wedge and exposed to the noise of Unruh radiation. We show that the classical and quantum capacities of the Unruh channel obey the Bekenstein bound that pertains to the decoder Bob. In contrast, even at high temperatures, the Unruh channel can transmit a significant number of zero-bits, which are quantum communication resources that can be used for quantum identification and many other primitive protocols. Therefore, unlike classical bits and qubits, zero-bits and their associated information processing capability are generally not constrained by the Bekenstein bound. However, we further show that when both the encoder and the decoder are restricted, the Bekenstein bound does constrain the channel capacities, including the zero-bit capacity.

The method used in this study is classroom action research. The subjects in this study were 15 fourth grade students of Gmit Kuanfatu Elementary School. The research instruments used were test questions and observation sheets. The data analysis technique of this study was descriptive analysis by calculating the value of individual absorption capacity, classical learning completeness, and percentage of classical absorption capacity. The results of the study indicate that the application of the STAD type Cooperative learning model can improve the learning achievement of fourth grade students of Gmit Kuanfatu Elementary School. This can be seen from the results of student activities and tests in the first cycle with an absorption percentage of 58% and learning completion of 15%, and in the second cycle it increased with an absorption percentage of 84.33% and learning completion of 100%. Some of the obstacles found in the implementation of this model include student activities in group activities that have not shown good cooperation, there are still members who are less active, and there are still students who have difficulty working on questions but are still passive.

The low learning outcomes of class IV students at SD Muhammadiyah Sijabut are due to the lack of direct student involvement in the learning process. To overcome this problem, classroom action research (PTK) was carried out using science teaching aids. The aim of this research is to improve student learning outcomes by using class IV science teaching aids at SD Muhammadiyah Sijabut. The research subjects were 22 students, the research data sources were obtained from qualitative data in the form of data from observations of teacher and student activities as well as quantitative data in the form of test data on student learning outcomes. The results of the first cycle of research showed that 8 students out of 22 students completed individually with classical completeness of 36% and classical absorption of 63%. Meanwhile, the results of the second cycle of research experienced an increase with the number of students completing individually as many as 18 students out of 22 students who took part in learning with a classical completion percentage of 82% with a classical absorption capacity of 85%. Based on the results of this research, learning using science teaching aids can improve the learning outcomes of class IV students at SD Muhammadiyah Sijabut.

Transmitting energy and information are two essential aspects of nature. Recent findings suggest they are closely related, while a quantitative equivalence between them is still unknown. This thus motivates us to ask the following: We answer this question positively by bounding various one-shot classical capacities via different energy transmission tasks. Such bounds provide the physical implication that in the one-shot regime, transmitting n bits of classical information n×kBTln2 transmitted energy. Unexpectedly, these bounds further uncover a dynamical version of Landauer's principle, showing the strong link between (rather than ) information and energy. Finally, in the asymptotic regime, our findings further provide thermodynamic meanings for the Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland Theorem and a series of strong converse properties as well as no-go theorems.

The optimal rate of reliable communication over a quantum channel can be enhanced by preshared entanglement. Whereas the enhancement may be unbounded in infinite-dimensional settings even when the input power is constrained, a long-standing conjecture asserts that the ratio between the entanglement-assisted and unassisted classical capacities is bounded in finite-dimensional settings [Bennett etal., IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 48, 2637 (2002)IETTAW0018-944810.1109/TIT.2002.802612]. In this Letter, we prove this conjecture by showing that their ratio is upper bounded by o(d^{2}), where d is the input dimension of the channel. An application to quantum communication with noisy encoders and decoders is given.

Recent studies have shown that quantum information may be effectively transmitted by a finite collection of completely depolarizing channels in a coherent superposition of different orders, via an operation known as the quantum $\mathtt{SWITCH}$. Such results are quite remarkable, as completely depolarizing channels taken in isolation and in a definite order can only output white noise. For general channels, however, little is known about the potential communication enhancement provided by the quantum $\mathtt{SWITCH}$. In this work, we define an easily computable quantity ${\mathcal{P}}_{n}$ associated with the quantum $\mathtt{SWITCH}$ of $n$ copies of a fixed channel, and we conjecture that ${\mathcal{P}}_{n}>0$ is both a necessary and sufficient condition for communication enhancement via the quantum $\mathtt{SWITCH}$. In support of our conjecture, we derive a simple analytic expression for the classical capacity of the quantum $\mathtt{SWITCH}$ of $n$ copies of an arbitrary Pauli channel in terms of the quantity ${\mathcal{P}}_{n}$, which we then use to show that our conjecture indeed holds in the space of all Pauli channels. Utilizing such results, we then formulate a communication protocol involving the quantum $\mathtt{SWITCH}$ which enhances the private capacity of the BB84 channel.

ABSTRACT In this paper, we introduce an improved spontaneous Raman scattering (SRS) model to accurately determine the quantum communication channel's quality when integrated into a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) network. To assess the degradational effect of counter‐propagating SRS, we carried out laboratory experiments to analyse the impact of different variables, namely the input power, fibre length and channel arrangement. Based on the measurement results, we developed a new model for defining SRS within the C‐band, which provides more precision in describing the impact of SRS compared to the previously used simplified V‐shape model. A 96‐channel DWDM use case, including one quantum and 90 classical channels, is modelled to identify the optimal channel wavelength allocation strategy. Using the revised model, we concluded that the optimal channel layout, where the channel numbering is based on the ITU‐T standard, is with the quantum channel being the 88th (1533.4 nm), or the 96th (1530.2 nm) if we consider the classical capacity. In contrast, if the V‐shape model is used for defining the optimal channel allocation, the quantum channel would be the 59th (1545 nm). The results show the importance of accurately modelling SRS, as determining the right channel placement is essential for the coexistence of quantum and classical channels.

Let C \mathcal {C} be a homogeneous elliptic second-order differential operator in R d \mathbb {R}^d , d ≥ 3 d\ge 3 , with constant complex coefficients. In terms of the capacities γ C \gamma _{\mathcal {C}} , the removable singularities of L ∞ \mathrm {L} ^{\infty } -bounded solutions of the equations C f = 0 \mathcal {C} f=0 are described. For Cantor sets in R d \mathbb {R}^d it is shown that γ C \gamma _{\mathcal {C}} is comparable with classical harmonic capacities of the potential theory for all C \mathcal {C} and corresponding d d .

Entanglement-assisted classical capacities of some channels acting as radial multipliers on fermion algebras