The dry bacterial spore has revealed that there are many ways in which this cell responds to radiation. Even the single biological effect measured here is accomplished in a number of different ways. The fast, oxygen-independent portion can be subdivided into two effects. The fast oxygen dependent portion appears at the present time to be a single entity, and the long-lived free radical class may be divisible into three different subunits, a possible total of 6 currently recognized components of radiation-induced effects that precede and lead to biological damage. It has been revealed also that some of these elements may act independently and behave differently under different circumstances, and thus contribute to the biological effect to different degrees at various times. Fortunately one can isolate them to measure their independent behaviors, thus allowing the study of their interactions with one another when they act at the same time. It is shown that with the knowledge of the independent behavior of the components of radiation damage, one can explain the response of a population of cells in which the biological effect is the result of the actions of all.
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