Class Affiliation Research Articles

Class Clash: Unpacking Conflicts of Class Affiliation in the Bodily Practices of Polish Men Under 35 Years with Working-Class Origins

The article examines conflicts of class affiliation in the bodily practices of young Polish men of working-class origin. The empirical basis of the analysis is individual in-depth interviews with biographical elements carried out in 2022 as part of a study on the bodily practices of four generations of Polish men. The article contains the state of research on practices in the context of class affiliation. The theoretical framework is based on the concept of classist phantasm and middle-class hegemony. The study shows the critical importance of working-class backgrounds in shaping and controlling the body throughout the lifespan. The piggy bank ethos is one of the key categories emerging from the analysis, and research participants remain trapped in negotiating class identity reflected in bodily practices. In negotiating their class affiliation, men experience conflict with the values of the family of origin from their early teenage years. As they study and strive for advancement, they pay a hidden emotional cost, as they must authenticate themselves as deserving of their place in the middle class. Even if they are upgrading to the middle class (as working adults), they remain in the power of the piggy bank ethos. The study’s main conclusion is that social advancement is only partly achievable. Climbing up the social ladder, the study participants still balance middle-class practices and working-class values, which become apparent in what they do about the body.

Protesting in a different way: minority activism from within the urban economy and politics

ABSTRACT In marginalized communities where traditional political channels are often inaccessible, social movements and protests have emerged as vital platforms for voices seeking to challenge established power structures. This study reveals a compelling shift in recent decades as these neighborhoods undergo economic transformation and gentrification. It uncovers a distinct pattern of activism characterized by the emergence of middle-class ethnic entrepreneurs and business owners who engage in activism from within the urban economy and political systems. This qualitative case study, conducted within a Latino community in the U.S. delves into the activism of this actor, providing a deeper understanding of how this pattern, which both challenges and engages with the system, gives rise to local political conflicts and accusations of ‘class betrayal’, and cooptation. By utilizing a ‘place-based’ mobilization model and examining the interplay between ethnic and class affiliations, this study enriches our understanding of political protests and activism in ethnic/racial communities.

Artificial Intelligence (Neural Network) in the Diagnosis of Benign Skin Tumors in Pediatric Patients

Relevance: ten years ago, artificial intelligence (AI), particularly neural networks (NN), as a diagnostic option in practice seemed a distant prospect. Today, the use of AI is becoming an increasingly popular and daily improving approach in all aspects of clinical and fundamental medicine. Purpose: design and learning of a NN to recognize four types of benign melanocytic skin tumors, integration into a mobile app to apply in practice. Material and methods: сlinical and dermatoscopic analysis of skin tumors was carried out in 600 children. In 65 cases the tumors were removed. Histological types were dermal nevus – 43% (n=28), complex nevus - 33.8% (n=22), pyogenic granuloma - 10.8% (n=7), Spitz-nevus - 6.2% (n=4), blue nevus - 3.1% (n=2), melanoma - 3.1% (n=2). Seven patients with pyogenic granulomas and two patients with melanoma were excluded. The test set included 56 dermatoscopic images. Due to the small number of images augmentation was performed. The database has been increased from 600 images to 1800. NN is written in the machine language Python. The machine learning framework was TensorFlow 2.0. The network architecture is based on the pre-trained model “EfficientNet B7”. This model uses the “supervised learning” paradigm. Each element of the sample had a class affiliation. Results: an accuracy of 83% was achieved after a period of learning on the test set. Mathematical metrics calculated in the Scikit-learn library. Sensitivity was 100% (blue nevus), 73% (complex nevus), 93% (dermal nevus), 75% (Spitz-nevus), and specificity were 98%; 94%; 82%; 98%, respectively. AI was integrated into the mobile app “KIDS NEVI”. Conclusion: AI as an auxiliary method for the skin tumors diagnosis in children and adolescents has demonstrated high potential and great opportunities. Dermatoscopic analysis of a skin tumor and a mobile app are able to provide “double control”, quick and correct clinical diagnosis and determination treatment tactics.

Применение видов наказаний за убийство супруга или супруги во второй половине XIX – начале XX века (на материалах Тверской, Ярославской и Тобольской губерний)

The article is devoted to the study of law enforcement practice in criminal cases of crimes directed against the life of one of the spouses in families of the Tver, Yaroslavl and Tobolsk provinces in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. The authors examine the class affiliation of the parties, the authorities in which cases of murder of wives and husbands were considered, the causes of the crimes. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of legislation on various types of murders: intentional and accidental, intentional and vice versa, committed in a fight, in conspiracy, due to a painful state of mind and intoxication, due to light and severe beatings, poisoning. Both gender motives have been identified: male – jealousy (“severe insult from the murdered person”), female – the desire to avoid the threat of deprivation of life, and general – the intention to get rid of the obstacle to entering into a new marriage if the killer has a lover, hatred of spouse. The authors highlight aggravating and mitigating circumstances of crimes committed by spouses, as well as the existing methods to help avoid punishment.

Prioritizing cervical cancer candidate genes using chaos game and fractal-based time series approach.

Cervical cancer is one of the most severe threats to women worldwide and holds fourth rank in lethality. It is estimated that 604, 127 cervical cancer cases have been reported in 2020 globally. With advancements in high throughput technologies and bioinformatics, several cervical candidate genes have been proposed for better therapeutic strategies. In this paper, we intend to prioritize the candidate genes that are involved in cervical cancer progression through a fractal time series-based cross-correlations approach. we apply the chaos game representation theory combining a two-dimensional multifractal detrended cross-correlations approach among the known and candidate genes involved in cervical cancer progression to prioritize the candidate genes. We obtained 16 candidate genes that showed cross-correlation with known cancer genes. Functional enrichment analysis of the candidate genes shows that they involve GO terms: biological processes, cell-cell junction assembly, cell-cell junction organization, regulation of cell shape, cortical actin cytoskeleton organization, and actomyosin structure organization. KEGG pathway analysis revealed genes' role in Rap1 signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, Acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, Breast cancer, Thyroid cancer, Bladder cancer, and Gastric cancer. Further, we performed survival analysis and prioritized six genes CDH2, PAIP1, BRAF, EPB41L3, OSMR, and RUNX1 as potential candidate genes for cervical cancer that has a crucial role in tumor progression. We found that our study through this integrative approach an efficient tool and paved a new way to prioritize the candidate genes and these genes could be evaluated experimentally for potential validation. We suggest this may be useful in analyzing the nucleotide sequences and protein sequences for clustering, classification, class affiliation, etc.

ИНСТИТУТ ГОРОДСКИХ ВЫБОРОВ В СИБИРИ НА РУБЕЖЕ XIX–XX вв. (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКОЙ ПЕЧАТИ)

The paper, for the first time, uses materials from the private periodical press of Siberia to examine the public perception of urban election campaigns in Siberian cities at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. Siberian periodicals are used as sources of the database: “Eastern Review”, “Yenisei”, “Siberian Bulletin of Politics, Literature and Public Life”, “Sibirsky Leaflet”. The characteristics given by Siberian periodicals of changes in the city electoral system according to the City Regulations of 1892 are highlighted, which mainly include: criticism of the class nature of the composition of voters; elimination of differentiated property qualifications; approval of the provision of voting opportunities by precinct; approval of restrictions from among the voters of small traders and other categories of citizens. The features of the electoral process are shown, including electoral technologies and violations during elections (mainly fraud with election balls during voting, the use of symbols during voting, voting by absent persons). The characteristics of voters' attitude to the exercise of their voting rights are given and the problem of absenteeism is revealed. It is noted that typical instruments for refusing to exercise the right to vote were refusal to pay arrears, as well as a deliberate understatement of the value of owned real estate. Data on the coverage of city heads elections in Siberian periodicals are presented. The content of the positions of the leading newspapers of Siberia in relation to the composition of city dumas according to the class affiliation of their members and possible reforms in the field of city electoral law (primarily, expanding the number of voters by granting rights to tenants) is characterized.

Formation of the preconditions for the emergence of criminalistics as a science in Ukraine (9th–18th centuries)

The article examines the peculiarities of the emergence and formation of methods of forensic investigation, which over time, in the 19th century, took shape in the science of forensics. To solve the problems, the authors used several methods, both general scientific and special. Among them: formal-legal, comparative-legal, historical-legal, dialectical, historical, systemic, hermeneutic, etc. The authors identified the main, in their opinion, stages of the development of criminology in Ukraine, starting with the formation of the Old Russian state. The first steps of the creation and implementation of forensic methods during the investigation of crimes, which were enshrined in the most famous monuments of law – «Laws of King Hammurabi», «Laws of the XII Tables», Byzantine legal collections, «Ruska Pravda», «Lithuanian Statutes», «The rights by which the Little Russian people are judged.» The article proves that the formation of individual manifestations of forensic research in Ukrainian lands during the Middle Ages and the first centuries of modern history was based on world experience in this area, as well as on the idea of justice, the need to restore law and order. It is emphasized that the formation of ideas about the methods of forensic research that appeared in Ukraine is connected with the genesis of the Ukrainian legal system and turned, over time, into one of its institutions. The authors suggest that, in contrast to the application of punishment, which had a class character, the organization of forensic investigations established the truth and therefore did not depend on the class affiliation of the participants in legal relations. The opinion that both in ancient times and at the beginning of the Middle Ages, forensic methods were closely intertwined with the elements of the investigative process, within which they were actually applied, is substantiated. It was established that the crippling forms of punishment, which were applied by court decision, were also intended to «emphasize» the identity of the criminal, to single him out in order to facilitate the search in case of repeated offenses. The authors concluded that the legal regulation of forensic research methods became a guarantee of their development, distribution and transformation, over time, into an independent science.

Financial inclusion, household consumption instability and democracy in developing countries: A finite mixture of regressions approach

The literature on the impact of financial inclusion on the instability of household consumption remains controversial. In this article, we considered the possibility that countries follow different regimes of household consumption instability and tested the hypothesis of whether financial inclusion is countercyclical or procyclical to a country's regime of consumption instability. Thus, relying on recent works that used the finite mixture regression method, we identify the different regimes of household consumption instability. Drawing on a sample of 28 developing countries over the period 2011–2020, the paper highlights that the impact of financial inclusion on consumption instability differs across classes and a three-class model best describes the sample. Specifically, we show that financial inclusion is positively associated with consumption instability in the first class, while financial inclusion significantly reduces consumption instability in the second class. Financial inclusion does not have a significant impact on the third class. Furthermore, exploring the potential role of democracy in determining class affiliation, the results emphasize that developing countries would fully benefit from financial inclusion by undertaking strong reforms to improve democracy.

Sustainable Consumption Consciousness and Middle-Income Class Affiliation: Theory and Evidence from Poland

The paper examines the links between the consciousness of sustainable consumption (CSC) and middle-income class affiliation. It contributes to two contemporarily important issues, namely sustainable consumption and the role of the middle-income class in sustainable development from the perspective of the economic processes in a post-socialist state. Considering consumption as the determinant for socioeconomic stratification, it is assumed that sustainable consumption consciousness is positively related to income-class affiliation. In the present study, two econometric models, namely logit models, were estimated regarding differences between objective and subjective middle-income class affiliations. The study is based on data collected in the middle-income class in Poland in 2021. The results of the study showed that the probability of sustainable consumption consciousness is higher when individuals classify themselves as lower middle-income class based on their cognitive frame, not knowing what the income thresholds for the income classes in Poland are. It means that subjective evaluation of one’s material position matters for sustainable consumption consciousness more than objective class belonging. As economic policy recommendations, it is suggested that educational programs be designed to inform people about income class thresholds to avoid devaluation of their income situation as well as dedicated actions to develop discernment about sustainable consumption behaviors.

Moda novog veka - savremena moda ili izraz društvenog stanja i odeće za uspeh

In today's digitalized society, fashion is a phenomenon that affects all social subjects, consciously or unconsciously, as an informant of their cultural, social, economic, philosophical, spiritual, and even modern metaphysical changes and understandings. Clothing is one of the first and primary markers that provide information to the environment about an individual's national and class affiliation, wealth, and age, and over time information about the extent of the messages to be sent to others through color, the quality of the fabric, the decoration in the costume, the presence (or absence) of details - fashion elements that are as complex as the structure of society itself. Why is fashion used to achieve career (and even personal) influence and success? In contrast to the traditional capitalist fashion system, in which the elite (wealthy class) corresponded directly to the current fashion trends and consciously imposed them on the lower social classes, today's fashion can be identified as the individual's striving to assert his "self" and to be distinguished by its exterior, by the choice of clothes, through which he demonstrates a certain social position. At the same time, through it he expresses his individuality, one that defies the conformism of the upper classes, eager for rivalry imposed by the strong competition, which grows into a struggle for social superiority and continuous metamorphoses. From a psychological point of view, it hints at a person with increased aspirations and a strong desire for social acceptability in a certain social circle, gaining affection, friends, a desire for professional success and achieving established non-verbal communication and a strong (and above all verified) impression on others.

Familial Relations of Russian Naval Officer N.V. Kopytov: based on Epistolary Sources of 1866-1897

The author in their work analyzes familial relations, gender roles and gender equality issues based on Vice Admiral N.V. Kopytov’s letters to his wife, letters currently being stored in his personal fund stored at the Russian State Archive of Navy. The novelty of the scientific usefulness of the letters is determined by their use as a source base for further historical analysis. The introduction of N.V. Kopytov’s personal letters into scientific use for the first time has allowed the authors and further researchers to obtain information to analyze a wide range of issues: including interpersonal communications, gender relations, everyday life, and professional activities. In addition, this research has allowed the analysis of the influence of peculiarities of mentality, class affiliation, financial situation on the character and main priorities of relationships in N.V. Kopytov’s family. Recent research interest in personal letters as historical sources of private origin and the epistolary genre is currently associated with the ability to identify common and specific features of intra-family communications of people of a certain social stratum and social status, in this particular case, the noble family of the Vice-Admiral of Navy. The study of the letters allows us to conclude that the Kopytov family was not typical of Russian society and was more of an equal partnership, despite the prevailing gender inequality enshrined in the legislation and in the mentality of the population of time. The authors have examined the causes of family relations which were considered progressive for the period under consideration, based on the equal division of gender roles and the position of spouses in joint decision-making.

The theory of Chinese narrative prose in the early twentieth century.

The subject of the study is critical articles by Chinese writers and literary theorists of the early twentieth century. They are dedicated to ways of transforming traditional literature. The object of the study is the evolution of the views of Wang Guowei, Lu Xun, Hu Shi, Yu Dafu, who in the process of creating modern Chinese literature (Xiandai Wenxue) set tasks for the national intelligentsia. The article proves that the interpretation of the main constants of modern Chinese literature was based on the ideas of Western, primarily German and English literary criticism and aesthetics. The article pays special attention to the discussion between Lu Xun and Hu Shi on the issue of the ideological position of writers, and Yu Dafu's articles on the role of the reception of Western aesthetics. The research methodology is based on the theoretical principles of historical-literary, historical-cultural, historical-functional, comparative-historical analysis. Elements of intertextual and receptive approaches are used. The main conclusion of the study is that the transition from the literary language of classical Confucian monuments (wenyan) to the spoken language (baihua) has become an important vector for Chinese literary theorists. However, their views on the future of modern national literature differed. Lu Xun insisted that the future of literature depended on the class affiliation of the literati. Yu Dafu believed that writers should use the experience of the best prose writers of classical literature in Western countries, and also take into account the literary inclinations of readers. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time in Russian Sinology, a comparative analysis of critical articles by prominent Chinese writers and literary theorists becomes the object of study.

KINESICAL MEANS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION OF CHARACTERS IN POLISH AND VIETNAMESE LINGUOCULTURES (BASED ON POLISH-VIETNAMESE LITERARY TRANSLATIONS)

KINESICAL MEANS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION OF CHARACTERS IN POLISH AND VIETNAMESE LINGUOCULTURES (BASED ON POLISH-VIETNAMESE LITERARY TRANSLATIONS)

Stability and change in (ing)

Abstract Work on variable (ing) has highlighted its long-term stability and shared conditioning across English varieties. Here, we ask whether similar stability and conditioning holds in Australian English over time and across ethnicity. The data come from sociolinguistic interviews with 204 Australians stratified according to age, gender, social class and ethnicity, drawn from the Sydney Speaks project. Analyses of 13,000 (ing) tokens reveal very low alveolar rates, but generally similar conditioning to that of other English varieties, with the exception of word class, for which variability was initially largely limited to verbal tokens before extending to include the pronouns something and nothing. Ethnic differences are evident in rates of use: Italian Australians evince higher, and Greek and Chinese Australians lower, rates of [n]. These differences are accounted for by class affiliations, suggesting that (ing) may be an ideal variable for considering the interplay between social class and ethnicity.

Categorization of the health status and its transition of community-dwelling older adults during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic

The purpose of this study was to categorize and clarify transitions in the health status of older adults living in the community during the coronavirus disease (coronavirus disease 2019: COVID-19) pandemic. The participants were older adults (≥65 years of age) who lived in Takasaki City, Gunma Prefecture. The survey items included basic information and subjective health perception (questionnaire for medical checkup of old-old). Latent class analyses were conducted for the first (baseline) and second surveys (6 months). The scores for each item were compared to identify the characteristics of each class at baseline and at 6 months. In addition, transitions in class affiliation from baseline to 6 months were summarized. A total of 434 of 1,953 participants (mean age: 79.1 years, 98 males and 336 females) completed the survey (22.2%). In both time periods, the responses were categorized into four classes: 1) good, 2) poor physical, oral and cognitive function, 3) poor social status and lifestyle, and 4) poor in all except social status and lifestyle. During 6 months of follow-up, a transition from the generally good class to the poor physical, oral and cognitive functions class was observed in many cases. The health status of the older adults living in the community was classified into four classes, and changes in health status occurred even within a short period of time during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Идеи воспитания одарённых детей в отечественной педагогической науке в XVII–XIX веке

The article shows the process of origin and development of ideas related to the education and upbringing of gifted children in the 17th – 19th centuries in Russia. Religious and secular books of this period allow us to see the process of changing attitudes towards the interpretation of the factors that determine the emergence of talented people. Recognizing a certain influence of the ideas of enlightenment in Western Europe, it is necessary to note the original approach to the study of the phenomena of children’s giftedness in Russian pedagogical thought. The aim of the work was to study the process of the emergence of scientific interest in the problem of children’s giftedness in the history of Russian pedagogical thought, to study the genesis of ideas related to the essence and features of the development of giftedness in childhood, the forms and methods of teaching and educating gifted children in Russian pedagogical thought in the period from the 17th to XIX century. From the analysis and generalization of the pedagogical experience historically accumulated by many generations of different peoples in Russia, there is a consistent transition from the 17th century to the scientific interpretation of children’s giftedness. In the 19th century, the idea of the need for a state approach to ensuring the effective education and upbringing of gifted children, regardless of their origin, class affiliation and financial situation, to the support and development of talents in educational institutions, was born and received its recognition. These ideas are further developed in subsequent periods of the development of domestic pedagogy - in the 20th and 21st centuries. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature of this historical period, the author highlights ideas that are important for the development of children’s giftedness, namely: the idea of the need for teachers to timely identify children with special inclinations and study the features of their development; the idea of the importance of purposeful and integrated development of both mental and other gifts of children in close connection with their spiritual and moral education; the idea of state support and provision of full-fledged education for gifted children from different strata of society; the idea of the need to support and protect gifted children from the influence of an asocial environment.

Settlement policy in an Israeli mixed city: A typology of displacement and its resistance

Urban Studies from the Global North highlight the physical displacement of lower-income residents as urban development policies’ central transgression. However, looking only at the class-physical angle of displacement narrows our understanding of other aspects of power relations in space. This research focuses on Israel’s policy encouraging the settlement of middle-class Zionist associations in the city of Lydda. The study argues that in a state of ethnonational conflict, displacement has various manifestations: physical, political, religious, cultural and especially ethnonational. This policy causes long-term residents both hardships and benefits depending on their religious, ethnonational and class affiliations. Therefore, residents express different intensities and patterns of support, ambivalence, or resistance towards the policy. This study suggests a typology of displacement and its implications for different patterns of resistance. Moreover, it calls for scholarly recognition of displacement beyond physical and class aspects.

Soslovnaya prinadlezhnost' uchashchihsya srednih uchebnyh zavedenij Rossijskoj imperii v konce XIX – nachale XX v. (na primere Sibiri)

The article examines the class composition of students of secondary educational institutions in Russia in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. A comparative analysis of the class affiliation of students of secondary educational institutions in Siberia, namely state gymnasiums, secondary vocational, real and commercial schools, teachers' seminaries and institutes, is carried out. It is shown that, despite the established class restrictions in obtaining education, secondary educational institutions became more democratic during the study period. At the same time, the share of raznochinets in the number of students was constantly increasing.

A Reinvention of the “Contact Zone” and the Myth of “Caribbean-ness” in Edwidge Danticat’s The Farming of Bones and Grace Nichols’s Whole of a Morning Sky

The essence of history, on the most part, is to provide discursive knots that either hold a people together or provide tissues of asymmetrical relations that separate them permanently. Hence, through the Postcolonial lens, this paper argues that Edwidge Danticat and Grace Nichols have used their historical novels: The Farming of Bones and Whole of a Morning Sky– the novels that not only take their setting and some events and characters from history, but make the historical events and issues crucial for the course of the narrative to (re)inscribed historical codes that harbour a constant shift in individuation among the colonized people. Their aim is to unearth certain salient relational frontiers – ones that have created a “...radically asymmetrical relations of power” in modern Caribbean nations. The reason for this, on the one hand, is to show “...the marks of a shifting boundaries that alienates the frontiers of the modern (Caribbean) nation”, and on the other, to show how these shifting boundaries have not only created what Bhabha calls the “Third Space” – the process of ‘splitting’ of national subject – but how this space has hindered the realization of Caribbean-nests. By using the Caribbean example, the paper concludes that history provides a lasting memory to the Third world nations and through it the slippage of categories, such as sexuality, class affiliation, territorial paranoia, or cultural difference can be understood and bridged for the advancement of the people.

Eyebrows, Chintz and a Smile: Some Features of the Author’s Interpretation of the Concept BEAUTY in the Poetry of Pavel Vasiliev

Purpose. The article examines the features of the representation of the concept BEAUTY in the poetry of Pavel Vasiliev. In his work, there is a transcultural symbiosis of Russian and Kazakh aesthetic canons of beauty.Results. Typically Kazakh features of a person's appearance look aesthetically attractive for the poet. He considers eyebrows to be an important part of a human beauty. A peculiar artistic interpretation of this detail of appearance is manifested in the epithets, in a dynamic metaphorical model [EYEBROWS → are BIRDS]. A relevant sign of beauty is the harmony – the proportionality of a person’s figure. The peculiarities of understanding the beauty of a woman in clude close attention to such details of clothes and shoes as a skirt, a shawl and heels. The skirt in the process of metonymization replaces the woman [SKIRT instead of A BEAUTIFUL WOMAN]. Semiotically relevant is the characteristic of clothing made by the fabric – chintz, silk. In the semiosis of fabric as a sign of class affiliation and financial situation, such mechanism of analogy as the metonymy is involved. Developing and supplementing the ideas of oppositeness of external and internal beauty of a person and the localization of the internal beauty in his eyes, Pavel Vasiliev defines the locus of a spiritual beauty in a smile, in the corners of a woman's lips.Conclusion. The concept of BEAUTY in Vasiliev’s poetry has the individual and author's artistic and aesthetic features, and preserves the folk aesthetic ideal of beauty at its core.