Civil Administration Research Articles

Introduction toVisual Arts ResearchSpecial Issue, Body Cam: The Visual Regimes of Policing

Introduction to<i>Visual Arts Research</i>Special Issue, Body Cam: The Visual Regimes of Policing

Military Massmedia in the Context of the Information War

Relevance. The information sphere in the modern world has become the main system-forming factor of all spheres of public life. In recent years, the media has undergone a significant transformation. The change in the role and place of Russia in the world has intensified the struggle for a dominant role in the information space of our time, in which our country has become the main object of information wars. In this regard, the role of military mass media, which ensure the information security of Russia, form a positive image of the Russian army and strengthen its authority, is significantly increasing.The purpose is on the basis of scientific analysis to determine the role and place of military mass media in the conditions of increasing information confrontation of interested parties.Objectives: conceptually substantiate the use of socio-cultural methodology in the study of the nature and consequences of information wars and conflicts and outline the main directions for improving the Russian military mass media.Methodology. Socio-cultural methodology is defined as the initial theoretical matrix in explaining the role of military mass media in information wars that are generated by conflicts as a result of institutional, socio-political, socio-economic, socio-cultural and technological changes.Results. The main results of the study are defined as follows: the conceptual apparatus is characterized, which allows to reveal the role and place of military media in the information space of social communications; the current structure of the Russian military mass media, their tasks and functions are presented and the main ways of their improvement in the transformational dynamics of the information space are outlined.Conclusions. Military mass media is a fairly effective tool for information security of Russia. Maintaining a positive image of the army and navy in the interests of ensuring Russia's security is one of the priority areas of activity at all levels of civil and military and civil administration.

From the Russian Occupation to the Reign of Alexandru D. Ghica. The Features of a Political Transition

"The appointment of the Princes of Moldavia and Wallachia presented Russian officials with serious dilemmas, whether they were the leaders of the Empire's foreign policy or of the occupation administration. In the end, a solution was adopted – the selection of the Princes by the Porte from a short list of candidates proposed by Russia – in line with Russia's strategic interests regarding the Ottoman Empire as a whole and despite Pavel Kiselev's proposals that the occupation should be prolonged or, in a transitional phase, that the civilian administration of the Princes should operate in parallel with a Russian military administration. The selection of Alexandru Dimitrie Ghica as the main candidate for Wallachia and his rapid investiture by the Sultan have several explanations, including his political profile convenient for both Powers, his activity as minister and head of the militia, his personal relation with Pavel Kiselev and his access to the sums of money required for his investiture in Constantinople. However, his insufficient political prestige in relation to the country’s great boyar families, his image as a Prince submissive to the Russian will, skillfully used by his opponents, and the large debts he had accumulated, which he could not pay without generating several resounding financial scandals linked to the leasing of state revenues, were likely to herald the political crisis of the following years, the success of the opposition in undermining his regime and, finally, his dismissal after only eight years of rule. Keywords: Statutory regime, Pavel Kiselev, investiture, Alexandru Dimitrie Ghica, financial obligations. "

Rekonstruksi Pencatatan Perkawinan Berdasarkan Relevansi Antara Hukum Administrasi Negara dengan Hukum Administrasi Sipil

This study aimed to analyze the problems of enforcing civil administrative law in marriage registration and the concept of reconstructing marriage registration based on the relevance of state administrative law to civil administrative law. The method used in this study was normative juridical with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The problems of enforcing civil administration law in marriage registration include general problems related to administration, such as errors in identity writing and the organization of administrative institutions, which were full of personnel management problems. The reconstruction of marriage registration was based on the relevance between state administrative law and civil administrative law relating to the interests of public service delivery and institutional structure structuring in civil service law. The arrangement of personnel in the office of religious affairs need to pay attention to the employment law to create services based on professionalism in serving the community.

The Regional Peculiarities and Identity of the Ural Old Industrial District: Socio-Topological Aspects

Starting with the large-scale transformations of Peter the Great in the first quarter of the eighteenth century, the mining industry of the Urals was subjected to increased state and legal regulation. Based on theoretical aspects of social topology, an attempt is made to describe the influence of the regional peculiarities and identity of the Ural old industrial region on the forms of management and social practices of the region’s mining economy. The work’s purpose is to identify the difference in the organisation of factory production, depending on the form of ownership of the enterprise: state, possessional, or allodial. It is necessary to identify the role of administrative and economic practices and constraining and developing factors: the vast territory and the predominance of traditional management and everyday practices, on which private and state entrepreneurship had been based on for a long time. The dual system of mining and civil administrations led to the emergence of complex phenomena like the district system (V. V. Adamov) and polymorphism (I. V. Poberezhnikov). The authors try to substantiate one of the main reasons for increased social turbulence in the early twentieth century. On the basis of this study, it can be assumed that in the conditions of a balanced development of industry at the micro-, meso-, and macro- levels, the need to resort to the levers of mobilisation and forced modernisation decreased due to the sufficient availability of financial, industrial, natural, and human resources.

Contribution of Public Transportation System in Economy: A case study of Auto Rickshaw in Lawngtlai Town

Importance of Public Transportation in the country’s economic development cannot be overemphasized. Urbanization and economic development go hand-in-hand wherein the standard of communication significantly influence the rate of growth. The higher the level of development, the smoother the flow of transport and communication system. Rapid influx of population from surrounding areas in a particular place demands corresponding growth in all aspects of life. But income enhancement can only bring the desired development once it is supported by conscious public policy aimed at it. Like the rest of the country, the transport sector can be regarded as one of the largest job creators in Lawngtlai. Daily services of sumo to state capital Aizawl and the neighbouring towns and Villages and other transport vehicles generated income for all sections of the people in the district, apart from other services connected with transport sector like servicing, filling stations, workshops, spare-parts dealings and many more. Being the headquarters of both the Lai Autonomous District Council and the Civil Administration, Lawngtlai town offers huge demand for public transportation. However, people rely heavily on auto rickshaw due absence of reliable bus service, poor road connections of different localities and income constraints. Very few taxi can be seen plying around in some places for day to day living.

Cooperative Militarization

In 1951, six years after the United States defeated Japan and commenced the Occupation of Okinawa, the U.S. Civil Administration of the Ryukyus (USCAR) issued an ordinance in support of agricultural cooperatives. Despite the appearance of altruism, the move marked the emergence of the U.S. anticolonial empire, a form that advocated racial and ethnic self-determination even as it expanded the U.S. military presence. This article shows how U.S. policymakers in Okinawa borrowed from modernization theory to implement models to foster ethnic identification through economic development. Their plans sought to render the United States an ally to Okinawa freedom despite the devastating effects militarism had on the local landscape. Specifically, military plans posited frameworks like the Okinawan economy, which strategically turned the military into a partner without whom Okinawa could not modernize. The article further focuses on agriculture, an arena where the contradictions of the U.S. Occupation was most acute. It argues that rehabilitating the local cooperative network drew Okinawans into the military project, not only to paper over the U.S. colonial presence, but also to further the reach of military discipline.

Methodology for Rationalising the Distribution of Limited Material Resources Considering the Importance and Initial Adequate Supply of Facilities

The organisation of resource support for the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is an important daily task related to the distribution of material resources for their intended purpose. If there is a sufficient resource base and the factors of time, speed, and priority of delivery of funds are secondary, resource support is carried out according to the principles “if necessary” and “if possible”. However, the practices of resource support for the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine considering the limited resource capabilities of the national economy and other similar tasks, as a rule, demonstrates the necessity of acting in the conditions of quantitative and qualitative restrictions of the resource base. Moreover, in the conditions of requirements for reducing the time of implementation of resource support, considering the priority of resource assignment objects and different levels of their initial resource provision. The purpose of this study is to find the best, rational, and even optimal distribution of resources for certain characteristics in three types of business conditions: certainty, uncertainty, and risk in managerial decision-making. Based on the analysis of available methods of nonlinear programming in distribution problems, proceeding from the condition of maintaining mathematical correctness and accessibility to practical use, the study presents the procedure for applying the maximum element method. The proposed approach to optimising the distribution problem is considered on the example of possible distribution options for equally efficient resource supply between the resource supply facilities. The options differ in the values of the importance of objects and the levels of initial supply in relative units at the time of decision-making on the allocation of resources upon providing resources for a certain final management task. The methodology of this study can be used in planning and decision-making related to the distribution of resources in organisational systems of military and civil administration, considering the importance and initial state of adequate supply of destination facilities in case of limited capabilities of the resource manager

Nexus between Fiscal Discipline and the Budget Process in Africa: Evidence from Nigeria

This paper examined the nexus between fiscal discipline and the budget process in Nigeria over the period from 1990 to 2020. Findings showed that the level of fiscal discipline in Nigeria as measured by two proxies of fiscal deficit gap and public debt gap is more enhanced under zero-based budgeting than under current incremental budgeting system. The study also established that civilian administrations are more prone to fiscal indiscipline relative to military dispensations. The paper also revealed the significant role of net foreign aid receipts in significantly narrowing fiscal deficit and public debt gaps in the short-run and long-run, respectively, as well as noted the significant widening impact of an increasing government size on the public debt gap in the long run. The study recommends, among others, the urgent need for the Nigerian government to restore fiscal discipline in public affairs through a reversion to zero-based budgeting system.

On the Civil Transformation of the Southern Tang (937–976)

This article aims to elaborate on the efforts made by Xu Zhigao and his descendants to implement a new practice that recruited local literati to positions of power as well as the extent to which the practice helped facilitate civil transformation and civil administration for their regime. One important way to achieve civil transformation was to bureaucratize the local administration, which involved staffing the mechanism with civil officials. After succeeding in the civil service examinations, local literati of humble origin could take advantage of this possibility for prosperity and honor their families by means of becoming part of the bureaucracy. However, the life span of the Southern Tang was limited to only thirty-nine years. Except for the relatively low number of those who successfully passed the civil service examinations, most of the meritorious officials and official families still considered relying on the protection privilege to be the ideal way to launch the bureaucratic careers of their descendants. Therefore, although the civil service examinations may have exerted some positive impact on civil transformation and civil administration, the advantages did not last long enough to thoroughly change the administrative feature of the Southern Tang.

PECULIARITIES OF TRAINING OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SPECIALISTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF ARMED AGGRESSION

The necessity of providing public authorities with highly qualified and competent public administration specialists is substantiated. The growing dynamics of demand in the training of specialists in the field of "Public Administration" among other fields and the growing demand in this field in connection with the modernization of public administration of new approaches and decentralization of power, armed aggression by the Russian Federation, features of legal support -civil administrations in Ukraine, and the organization of new ideas as training for public administration specialists in all areas of expanding their professionalism and responsibility in critical areas of all spheres of life and adaptation to new living conditions rights and obligations. The functional load and role of military-civil administrations in the process of ensuring social and economic development of territories are studied, the necessity of training specialists to assist specialists of Military administrations formed in territories where martial law is imposed, and substantiation of status and components of public authorities , and their activity is to purposefully influence the organization of activities in a certain area in the interests of successful and efficient solving the tasks set before them. By their legal status, these temporary bodies are administrative and executive bodies.

“The public administration reform agenda in Macedonia-three decades of challenges and results”

Democratic countries across the world are usually involved in a continuous process referred to as public administration reform. For Macedonia a former Yugoslav Republic, this reform is vital to them since it is a precondition set for them for a successful European Union integration. Public administration reformation in Macedonia is a step in the structural process of becoming closer to the standards of the EU, putting European best practices into effect, and adhering to the Principles of Public Administration. It is one of the essential conditions for the Republic of Macedonia's entry into the European Union and one of the top priorities outlined in the Accession Partnership. The agenda is continually updated with plans for modernizing and improving the administration.&nbsp; The core of the entire public sector can be said to be public and civil administration which the group and activities of every democratic activity depend on (Mehmedi S., 2017). The Republic of Macedonia, a candidate country for membership in the European Union, has implanted and refined the principles of the European Administrative Space through the implementation of two public administration reform projects during the previous few years. Although it didn't have a timeframe, the first PAR Strategy was adopted in 1999 and set the foundation for the legislative and organizational framework needed to start the public administration reform process. Its 2010 approval of a 2010-2015 PAR Strategy and Action Plan helped to improve the quality of administrative services offered to people and businesses as well as the formulation and implementation of effective public policies (Stojanovski S, Denkova J, Ananiev J.2015) The recent political and institutional crisis in the Republic of Macedonia has demonstrated the flagrant violations of the rule of law and the proper operation of the legal system, as well as the serious damage that the strong division of civil and public institutions has done to the institutions' credibility and integrity. The Republic of Macedonia has earned the moniker "the captive state of captive institutions" as a result of the state and institutions' slow response to the political crisis &nbsp;(Zendeli F . 2015).

Мобилизации в периоды войн России первой половины ХХ века и психические расстройства

The study of the mobilization companies of the Russian-Japanese War 1904–1905, World War I (1914–1918) and World War II (1939–1945) World Wars allows to reconstruct the features of the relationship between the state and the individual, the government and society, military institutions and civil administrations through the prism of mental illnesses of the population in the Russian Empire and the USSR. The description of the factors and conditions that allowed conscripts who had various mental pathologies to enter the active army clarifies the development and traditions of not only domestic medicine, but also important reasons for heroic deeds or possible war crimes (desertion, refusal to carry out orders, etc.). The main diseases of conscripts have been identified, which indicates certain mental pathologies of the Russian socium. The methodological features of the study of the stated problems are based on the author’s concept of attracting the works of contemporaries, primarily specialists in the field of psychiatry, medical practitioners of the Tambov region, as well as medical histories and anamnesis of mental illness. In this context, the conducted research has a good prospect of multifactorial and interregional study of the stated scientific problem. The results of the study allow us to conclude that conscription companies in the Russian Empire and the USSR provided a sound formation of military posts and formations, however, there were serious shortcomings in the work of medical commissions to identify mental illnesses in the mobilized. The conclusion about the importance of studying the gender aspects of mobilization activities, as well as the analysis of the health status of volunteers, is quite obvious. The results of the study of military conscription in the first half of the twentieth century are quite representative and allow for a new assessment and improvement of modern private mobilizations in the Russian Federation. The consequences of conscription companies on the peaceful civilian population, who experienced the most powerful psychological shocks and had their own psychiatric anamnesis, were studied.

Military Veterans’ Associations in the Kingdom of Hungary (1868–1914)

One of the typical social consequences of the introduction of compulsory conscription and mass politics in nineteenth century Europe was the emergence of veterans organizations. This study examines the veterans’ movement in the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary between 1867 and 1914. While in Europe and Imperial Austria the widespread military veterans’ organizations were important actors in the relationship between the military and the civilian sphere and also in state policy, in Hungary their spread remained limited. However, their operation, specific ideology and also their reception in local society can provide important lessons about the impact of the military on society, and the forms and workings of loyalty and nationalism in Hungary. The study consists of two main parts. First, it examines the prevalence and main characteristics of the associations: where and when were they founded, for what purpose were they established, how the state treated them, what social groups did them consist of, and finally how did all this relate to the other half of the empire? The second part of the study presents the activities of veterans’ associations in Hungarian society by drawing on the example of town of Szombathely and Vas County in western Transdanubia. It analyses what activities did they perform in everyday life, what ideologies did they follow, how did they get involved in the life of the local society, and what was their reception in local civil society and administration?

ВИЗАНТИЙСКИЕ ГАРНИЗОНЫ В ИТАЛИИ В VI ВЕКЕ: ПРОБЛЕМА ЛОЯЛЬНОСТИ ИМПЕРАТОРУ

The article examines the relations between Byzantine garrisons on the Apennine Peninsula and the emperors in the 6th century. Already during the (re)conquest of Italy, measures were taken to integrate these territories into the Byzantine structures of the civil and military administration. However, the remoteness of the region periodically led to the interruptions of material supply of the Italian troops. These difficulties negatively affected the authority of the emperors among the military men. Another major problem was the scarcity of forces stationed in Italy. In addition, among them, there were many soldiers and commanders of barbarian origin, whose loyalty to Byzantium was largely situational. For these reasons, when faced with a numerous and successful enemy, they could defect to its side. Such was the situation on the Apennine Peninsula in 541, when the Ostrogoths, led by King Totila, went over to a counteroffensive. In all likelihood, the situation was similar during the Lombard conquest of Northern Italy in 568. The remoteness from the capital of the empire also led to the fact that the soldiers were more focused on loyalty not to the Byzantine rulers, but to local military leaders. These factors caused the weakness of imperial positions on the Apennine Peninsula.

Советская медицина на Ляодунском полуострове во второй половине 40-х – начале 50-х гг. XX в.

The article deals with the activity of Soviet physicians on the Liaodong Peninsula in the 40- 50s of the twentieth century. On the basis of a wide range of sources, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the analysis of the sanitary-epidemiological situation in Port-Artur (Luishun), Dalniy (Dalyan), and Dzin-Zhou is performed. There is an information on training of Chinese medical workers, interaction of Soviet military and Chinese civilian administrations in issues of healthcare is reflected. Soviet medical workers activity was a set of therapeutic, scientific and education al measures which condition effectiveness of the transfer of Soviet health care principles. Disinterested Soviet medical worker`s help was commended by Chinese patients and colleagues and was reflected in reviews, letters with gratitude and articles in local newspapers, which are kept in foundation R-9501 of State Archive of Russian Federation (GARF). Documents and memoires show that Soviet medicine became a factor in strengthening the political influence of the USSR and forming its positive image in the mass opinion of the Chinese population of the region.

Второй Зимний поход Армии УНР: современная отечественная историография

The article focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the historiographical work of modern Ukrainian historians on the history of the Second Winter Campaign of the Army of the Ukrainian People Republic in 1921. The methodological basis of the study covers the principles of historicism, objectivity and systematics. General scientific and special research methods were used in solving the set tasks: historiographical analysis and synthesis of knowledge development, generalization, quantitative, historical-comparative, chronological, retrospective, etc. The scientific novelty of the work lies in a comprehensive analysis of the state of study in current national historiography of the history of the Second Winter Campaign of the UPR Army in 1921, clarifies the conceptual approaches and techniques used by modern national experts. Conclusions. The analysis of the historiographical achievements of current Ukrainian historians has shown that they have done a lot to study the research topic. Having brought into scientific circulation previously closed archival materials, both national and foreign, in close cooperation with foreign colleagues, scholars of independent Ukraine rejected the unscientific, politically biased conclusions of Soviet historiography about the Second Winter Campaign directed by the foreign imperialist to overthrow the workers 'and peasants' power in Ukraine, to return it to the hands of the bourgeoisie and the landlords. Certain shortcomings of Ukrainian foreign historiography on this issue have been eliminated, including inaccuracies, a weak source base, and a noticeable memoir in covering many episodes of this campaign. National experts have clearly proved that the Second Winter Campaign was a heroic attempt of the UPR Army interned in Polish and Romanian camps together with the insurgent Ukrainian people to restore independent Ukrainian statehood. It is shown that the Civil Administration of the Partisan-Insurgent Headquarters carried out serious organizational work aimed at preparing for the restoration of UPR power, but a number of objective and subjective factors led to the defeat of the raid, which negatively affected the further national liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people. At the same time, the historiographical analysis showed that despite the considerable achievements of national historians in studying this topic, not all its aspects were comprehensively covered. A number of them require further scientific analysis and interpretation, which requires significant expansion and updating of the source base.

ІНСТИТУТ ОМБУДСМЕНА В КРАЇНАХ СКАНДИНАВІЇ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the institution of the Commissioner for Human Rights (Ombudsman) in the Scandinavian countries - Sweden, Norway and Denmark. In the article the authors research the history of the ombudsman, analyze the current legislation of the Scandinavian countries, which regulates the appointment and dismissal of the Commissioner for Human Rights, the jurisdiction of ombudsmen, the main tools and powers. The authors found that the institution of ombudsman originated in Sweden, where there is currently a strong model of parliamentary ombudsman. The institution of the Parliamentary Commissioner for Human Rights in Sweden consists of four ombudsmen, one of whom is the head and three others in certain specific areas. The parliamentary ombudsman in Sweden has extremely broad powers, including the right to control the authorities and the military; to be present at court hearings; apply disciplinary action or prosecute officials. In addition to parliamentary ombudsmen in Sweden, there are also ombudsmen with powers in certain areas of public life. The Parliamentary Ombudsman in Norway is also an independent official, but he has much narrower powers. Acts of the parliamentary ombudsman are of a recommendatory nature, but are usually implemented by the bodies and persons to whom they are addressed. Its competence extends exclusively to the civil administration (there is a separate military ombudsman), but does not extend in particular to the courts, the activities of the Accounting Chamber and some other authorities. In addition to the Parliamentary Ombudsman, Norway has an Ombudsman for the Rights of the Child (Norway became the first country to introduce such a position), an Ombudsman for the Protection of the Rights of Armed Forces, an Ombudsman for Equality and Non-Discrimination, and local ombudsmen. In addition to his traditional powers, the Danish ombudsman is empowered to monitor existing laws and other administrative regulations. In case of shortcomings, the ombudsman informs the parliament, the responsible minister, local governments. The Ombudsman has the right to receive information, documents, written statements, etc. from the authorities in order to investigate or consider a complaint. However, the Danish ombudsman may not criticize or make recommendations to public authorities or their officials until they can make a statement on the matter. In addition to the parliamentary ombudsman, there are also local ombudsmen in Denmark, including the ombudsman of Greenland and ombudsmen in every major city. The authors concluded that the Swedish model of ombudsman should be implemented in Ukraine.

ASSESING CIVIL SERVICE AGILITY AHEAD TO WORK FROM ANYWHERE (Study at: Education, Youth and Sports Office of Bali Province 2022)

This study aims to determine the level of agility of the State Civil Administration or Civil Servant (ASN) of Education, Youth And Sports Office (Disdikpora) of Bali Province in welcoming Work From Anywhere, the extent to which Disdikpora is prepared to realize ASN agility, and what are the challenges faced by Bali Disdikpora in welcoming WFA. The design used in descriptive analytic qualitative by using a cross sectional study design. The selection of informants was done by purposive sampling. The informants in this study included the criteria for structural officials and 3 staff within the Department of Education, Youth and Sports of the Province of Bali. Data analysis technique, namely: data reduction, data display, and verification. The results of the study show that: 1) the level of agility of the Disdikpora ASN in Bali Province can be said to be adequate, 2) the readiness of the ASN Disdikpora agility can be said to be adewquate and 3) the challenges faced by Disdikpora is the existence of an immigrant generation who is not familiar with the use of information technology so that the absorption of information delivery related to applications and performance support devices is experiencing problems.

The Beginning of British Post-war Belarusian Studies

The initial period of British Belarusian studies was significantly different from the process of formation of research on Belarus in the United States. There was no intervention of special services; the state and political establishment of the kingdom showed no interest in Belarusian issues. In such a situation, the first works on Belarusian history in the UK were prepared by representatives of the insignificant Belarusian emigrant diaspora. The inspirer and organizer, as well as the author of historical publications, was the president of the Belarusian Central Rada, appointed to this post at the end of 1943 by the Nazis in occupied Minsk, Radoslaw Ostrowski. Radoslaw Ostrowski’s collaborationist track record is considerable. This includes the creation of civil administration bodies in Minsk, Briansk, Smolensk, Mogilev; the formation of Belarusian military units to fight partisans; cooperation with the CIA in post-war Germany with projects to prepare an anti-Soviet underground in Belarus, and more. Ostrowski considered the “Bolshevik Moscow” to be the “mortal enemy” of Belarus, which, in his assessment, did not want to see the Belarusian people free at any time. That was the reason for an explicitly anti-Russian attitude in all the London publications prepared by Radoslaw Ostrowski and his son Viktor, who was arrested in the fall of 1939 in Vilnius by the NKVD and sentenced to 8 years of camps, joined the army of General Anders, which at the end of the war was transferred to England and demobilized here.