Civic Sense Research Articles

LEGAL EDUCATION IN INDIA

Legal education plays a crucial role in shaping the future of any country. The legal education imparted in various institutions helps to promote more awareness and civic sense in the citizens of any nation. In India, legal education helped in the proper and just development of Indian society. After the independence of India, various regulatory bodies involved in improving the status of legal education made several reforms, keeping in mind the needs of present stakeholders. In this research paper doctrinal approach is used to gain a proper understanding of current issues and concerns in legal education in India at higher education. The aim of the study is to highlight the importance of legal education in India. Furthermore, it also examines recent legal education reforms in the light of New Education Policy, 2020. Moreover, it also discusses various issues and concerns in legal education in India.

Motivation to engage in physical education in remote conditions during martial law in Ukraine

The prerequisite for success in any business is the formation of a motivational sphere, the development of which requires targeted pedagogical influence. At the current stage, a number of issues related to the physical development and physical fitness of the younger generation deserve attention. Regardless of who the child will become, where he will work, teachers must always show a high civic sense of responsibility for the fate of the younger generation. The article analyzes the main motivational factors that will increase the interest and interest of schoolchildren in completing tasks in physical education classes. A survey of schoolchildren was carried out in order to determine the motives that motivate them to attend distance physical education classes, as well as being a motivating factor for active motor activity of schoolchildren. The obtained results show that 58% of schoolchildren like to attend remote classes, 24% do not want to attend online classes, and 18% noted that attendance is largely influenced by other factors, including mood. Analyzing the obtained results, it was established that 17% of schoolchildren like the fact that they can conduct classes while being at home, in danger and do not need to spend time traveling to school; 14% of children noted authority and respect for the teacher; 12% indicated that communication with friends is an attractive factor; 18% - like to perform exercises independently without external supervision; 11% - interested in the possibility of combining theoretical tasks with practical ones; 28% of students highlighted the possibility of using various IT technologies during the educational process. In the course of the work, it was experimentally proven that the majority of students have a persistent interest in physical education in an offline format. During distance learning, students need interesting and modern educational material with mandatory feedback from the teacher with options for certain incentives for the work done. The effectiveness of the work of a teacher-student largely depends on social factors, the opinion and support of the family, as well as quality communication between the participants of the educational process.

Fracture Dislocation in the Cervical Spine – A Case Series Analysis of 32 Cases and Review of Literature

Abstract Complex cervical spine injuries result from road traffic accidents, fall from height, diving in the swimming pool, fall along with the ladder etc. This is a major cause of disability, morbidity and mortality and dependence. Most of these injuries are preventable by proper care, social reforms, teaching civic sense to students at an early age, adoption of safety measures while climbing heights, enforcement of traffic rules, building up of infrastructure, educating the people and mandatory emergency room service for the offenders. Fracture dislocations of the cervical spine mostly flexion distraction injuries. Dislocations can range from perched facets, unilateral facet dislocations to bilateral facet dislocations and spondyloptosis. These result in varying degrees of neurological deficit. The recovery of these patients depend on the initial magnitude of the injury, the safe transport of the victim to the trauma centre, careful management of the injuries and rehabilitation. Here a case series of 32 patients with varying degrees of fracture dislocations of the cervical spine are analyzed retrospectively.

Construction & Validation of Civic Sense Scale (CSS) in Urdu Language for Pakistani Secondary School Students

Civic sense plays a crucial role in human life. It determines the success and usefulness of a citizen in a society. The civic sense consists of both civic knowledge and civic practices. The students’ civic knowledge or self-perception of civic sense improves their civic practices in the community. This paper describes constructing and validating the Civic Sense Scale (CSS). This scale is prepared to measure students’ civic knowledge and civic practices. Generalized Structural Component Analysis (GSCA) technique is applied in this study. This scale was administered to 1200 Federal Government Educational Institutions students studying in 10th grade in Pakistan. A total of 1196 students out of 1200 students responded to the questionnaire. The data was collected from students through a stratified sampling technique. Both self-perception and civic practices on civic sense consisted of 45 items. There were 23 and 22 items on Civic Sense Scale on self-perception and civic practices, respectively. The reliability indicator Cronbach’s alpha and Rho were observed to be more than 0.7. Likewise, the construct validity, convergent and discriminant validity measures were in acceptable ranges. These show that Civic Sense Scale (CSS) is highly recommended to measure civic sense and its practices in the educational setting. Initially, this study was limited to secondary school students in Federal Government Educational Institutions of Pakistan.

Putting Education Back at the Center: Some Reflections and Proposals on the Italian Situation

In this article, I address issues of inequality in Italy and, in particular, the role that education can play in fighting inequality. Moving beyond the nevertheless real problem of the scarcity of funds allocated by the Italian governments to education, I focus on the objectives that should inform spending criteria, thus emphasizing the importance of truly inclusive education, achievable through an ambitious path of comprehensive and incisive reforms. A country that does not excel in the civic sense and that for some scholars is even becoming less civilized, Italy should put education back at the center not only as a matter of social justice, but also to avert decline and improve the quality of its democratic coexistence.
 
 Received: 22 February 2023 / Accepted: 27 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

Case Study on the Effectiveness of a College Civic Engagement Program in Gulmit Gojal Hunza, Pakistan

In this study, the importance of community service is examined from the perspectives of Gulmit Gojal Hunza teachers and pupils. Questionnaire was used to perform the inquiry. The study's sample included both private and public colleges. Investigating the worth of services in educational settings from the perspectives of both teachers and students is the aim of the study. There were 80 pupils and 20 teachers among the 100 respondents who were chosen at random. A 20-item questionnaire was used as the research instrument, and the data was analyzed using the straightforward percentage approach. The results demonstrate how performing community service encourages learning among students as well as provide opportunity to travel and experience different cultures regarding their community and to show their involvement in various community activities. As students that engage in community service have a deeper understanding of their communities, including the resources, issues, and other knowledge required for a successful integration. It also gives students several opportunities to develop their civic sense and skills. Furthermore by being involved in community organizations while still in school, students can improve their communication and planning skills. Additionally, students develop relationships with different community members and get experience working with them in diverse areas. It strengthens a person's moral principles, which they developed while completing their service. The benefits of community service for individuals, organizations, and the community at large should be emphasized to college level.

Higher Education in Balochistan: Status and Way Forward

Education plays a dominant and vital role in an individual's personal and professional growth. The growth and progress of a society without education is only wishful thinking. Globally, the education system has been divided into three phases that include primary, secondary, and post-secondary, also called tertiary or higher education (HE). HE is considered the last and highest stage of formal education. HE is a significant game-changer that enhances gainful employment opportunities and improves the country's value system, civic sense, and socio-economic uplift. The HE of Balochistan is still lagging and is not capable of bringing forth a way forward for the socio-economic development of the people of Balochistan. This study aims to address the problems and current status of HE in Balochistan and provide policy recommendations to sort out those issues. The methodology for conducting this study was based on a detailed survey of the universities. A questionnaire was circulated among the vice-chancellors of the universities and the former vice-chancellor of the University of Balochistan, as well as the former Chancellor and Governor of Balochistan, across the province. The study concluded that the universities are facing severe financial constraints in revenue generation; they may not fulfil the demands of the university.

The Evocation of P. Eluard’s Poetry in F. Poulenc’s Little Cantata “Snowy Evening”

The relevance of the research topic. The topicality of the issues of the cantata “Snowy evening” is due to the terrible events of the full-scale war that is currently going on in Ukraine. Society painfully reacts to the cruel realities of today, and art helps humanity to overcome these problems.
 The purpose of the study. To reveal the peculiarities of the composer’s reading of Paul Eluard’s poetry in the cantata “Snowy evening” by Francis Poulenc, using a complex analysis of the musical work.
 The methodology. Methodological principles are based on historicism, genre-style, intonation-dramaturgical and interpretive types of analysis; in the article we have used the hermeneutic method, which makes it possible to understand the content features of the figurative interpretation of the work.
 The scientific novelty. Cantata “Snowy evening” by F. Poulenc is analyzed for the first time in Ukrainian musicology, as well as features of the evocation of P. Eluard’s poetry in it.
 The practical significance of this study lies in the expansion and deepening of theoretical knowledge about the choral work of Francis Poulenc.
 The results. The small cantata “Snowy evening” is a psychological portrait of a man whose life was cut short by a terrible war. The first part of the work talks about the hero’s disappointment in a cruel life; in the second part, the author condemns the moral beliefs of society to destruction and war; the third part is shown as the final destruction of the inner and surrounding world; and at the end, in the fourth part, death is presented to the listeners as the only hope for salvation. The allegorical nature inherent in Eluard’s poetry provided ample opportunities for subtle interpretation of the images and symbols depicted in the work. With the methods of musical expressiveness, harmony and rhythm, Poulenc vividly depicted the psychological state of man during the war.
 The compositional unity of the literary and musical layers of the cantata is determined by the logic of the evolution of the feelings and emotions of the lyrical hero. Poulenc uses a detailed approach to the verbal text, based on the music-text principle of formography. Music expands the content of poetry, brings it to a new figurative and meaningful level. The composer subordinates the music to the free metric of the poem. The original cantata style combines the stylistic principles of different eras. The composer uses the expressive means of ancient genres and the principles of modern choral writing.
 The search for new harmonic structures and combinations allowed Poulenc to expand the timbral colors of the choir. The author uses different types of texture in the cantata. This tool helps to reveal the author’s message about the inseparability of personal and civic sense of self, the inseparability of the fate of every citizen from the fate of the nation. Despite the numerical structure, the cantata has many common intonation connections that pass through all parts of the cycle and create a unity of plot and space.

DISCOURSE ON SOCIALLY RELEVANT HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA

From generations back it has been the concept in the society that who are possessing education especially higher education must be reflecting socially acceptable norms in their behaviour. “Being educated you should not talk like this”, “Being educated you should not behave like this”, such type of statements from seniors were often noticeable. Educated people were responsible to maintain peace, resolve the conflicts judiciously and reflect patience and tolerance whenever situations arisen. We believe that this has been the basic goal of education in any society across the globe. Essence and rationale of education could logically be extracted by speculating on the need of a community to establish a school of institution of higher learning. Unquestionably, we find that institutions of education have primary purpose to serve is betterment of society. University education should be explained in terms of the process for the betterment of the universe. Nowadays, we are living in social and environmental crises of universal nature affecting several countries and cultures. In general observations we found that uneducated people are less accountable in bringing big disasters. Neither big disasters nor the highly educated criminals are the subjects to be discussed here, whereas we are trying to find out the substance of the education, provided to present generation, especially living in urban setting but not limited to urban only. Urban youngsters are getting priority over rural because of density of institutions of education in the area. Moreover, civic sense of urban and educated people has often been imitated by non-urban population whenever they are visited and having interaction.

Литературното образование в гражданска перспектива

The review is devoted to a monograph that investigates one of the most significant problems of education – the possibilities of literary education to form civic consciousness. It argues the view that the work fills a blank field in Bulgarian methodical thought by discussing the theoretical and practical aspects of the research question. It analyzes the author's model for creating civic competences through literature lessons in grades VIII-XII; emphasizes the concepts of knowledge, skills and attitudes that relate to literary images with civic sense, to meta-literary discourse, critical thinking, argumentative speaking and writing, the formation of values personal freedom, democracy, freedom of speech, entrepreneurship.

Management of social intelligence in the context of developing citizen’s patriotism

The study examines the possible influence of social intelligence on the development of such a civic sense as patriotism. The full-scale aggression against Ukraine, which began on February 24, 2022, clearly demonstrated the relevance of patriotic education of young people, which is reflected not only in the performance of military duty, but also in active volunteering and support for the national idea in the media space, that is, the development of information security of the state. The purpose of the study is to identify the influence of social intelligence on feelings of patriotism. The study was conducted among students of colleges and universities in Poltava. To determine the level of social intelligence of young people, the TROMSØ rapid test developed by Norwegian researchers was used. Using this method, it was possible to obtain the necessary data for conducting a correlation analysis of social intelligence with a sense of patriotism. The experiment revealed a significant influence on patriotism of such components of social intelligence as social information processing, social skills, and social awareness. The development of a certain value system among young people under the influence of social intelligence, which increases the sense of patriotism, is one of the main possible explanations for such results. The development of social competence among students contributes to strengthening the economic, political and social security of the state. Further study of practical mechanisms for developing the social intelligence of young people would certainly strengthen the state in the face of potential future challenges and contribute to ensuring stable economic development

Civic Education through Literature: A Case of Devkota’s “The Lunatic”

This research paper examines the role of literary texts in implanting and enhancing civic sense with reference to Laxmi Prasad Devkota's poem "The Lunatic.” It primarily aims at excavating the aspects of civic education regurgitated in the poem through close textual analysis. As the process of affecting people’s beliefs, commitments, capabilities, and actions as members of communities, civic education occurs involuntarily from social institutions and communities. literary texts are important resource for civic education as the ideas and experiences depicted in the texts sensitize readers to enhance civic knowledge, civic skills and civic dispositions on the students and to understand their role as active citizens. not only for developing communicative competence, but also for imparting civic education. To meet the complexity of tough academic challenges and expectations, educational institutions including schools and universities aspire to excel in a particular field and fail to cover civic education in their curricula as a separate course material. By teaching literary texts they can fill this gap. While preparation for examinations is afforded priority, value formation, character building, and focusing on building ethical standards in learners are not given adequate emphasis in our university curricula. The poem “The Lunatic” demonstrates that the readers can understand what they should do and how they should behave as a human being. Ultimately this helps in the formation of their personality as a good citizen. Thus, teaching literary texts as a course content is an important ingredient in the overall personality development of learners.

Perceived Role of Institutional Support in Developing Civic Sense Among University Students

The purpose of this qualitative research work was to investigate the impact of institutional support in cultivating civic awareness among university students. Twenty students from the University of Okara were selected and interviewed through semi-structured interviews. The obtained data were analyzed through thematic analysis to reach the findings of the research. Results showed that university students are somehow lacking civic education or training by the institution. It is all due to the minimal provision of awareness to students about the civic sense and makes them understand their role as productive members of a society, which is provided by the family, instructors, and institutes. In light of the findings of this study, this study suggested that there is a dire need for awareness about civic sense and social morals among university students, along with setting up incentives to make students law-abiding citizens.

Factor analysis of teamwork skills and civic responsibility as outcomes of service-learning: perspectives of rural college students

Creating better citizens is one of the significant goals of education. Educational policies of Pakistan also stress on civic development of students as one of its essential goals. However, scholars have shown concerns about Pakistani students’ poor civic sense and teamwork skills. This current study aimed to examine the perspectives of local rural college students on civic responsibility and teamwork as outcomes of service-learning. Data were collected from 136 college students who participated in a service-learning project designed and implemented in Chitral Lower’s local college district. A questionnaire consisting of two scales: civic responsibility and teamwork, was used for data collection. The questionnaire was piloted before data collection. Experts checked content validity, and reliability was assessed by using Cronbach’s alpha. The principal component analysis technique was applied to analyse collected data with a principal component analysis approach. The results showed that respondents strongly agreed that service-learning significantly improved their sense of civic responsibility and teamwork skills. The results of this study extensively support the findings of previous research studies. However, it is suggested that the findings of this study may further be investigated in other contexts for a better understanding of the role of service-learning as civic and teamwork pedagogy.

Review of Primary Level Curriculum for Students having Vision Related Challenges Formulated by Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore

Purpose: Although Single National Curriculum (SNC) is implemented in all over the country from April 2021 at primary level as per commitment of the ruling party in Pakistan. However, the pre-existing and implemented curriculum formulated by Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board is still followed in special education institutions of Punjab because preparation process is still going on for the implementation of SNC in these institutions. The academic capability of Children with Visual Impairment (CWVI) is usually considered as that of non-disabled students due to their good cognitive skills. Directorate of Special Education Punjab adopted the same curriculum for CWVI. This study is an effort to identify the standards, benchmarks and student learning outcomes (SLOs) which are difficult to accomplish for CWVI.
 Methodology: It was a descriptive qualitative study by nature and curriculum review/document analysis technique was applied to study the implemented and existing curriculum. The complete curriculum of six key learning areas at pre-primary level proposed by implemented curriculum are as follows; personal and civic sense, language related learning, nature numerical concepts, our environment and surroundings, personal care, personal cleanliness and self protection, and artistic abilities. likewise existing curriculum offers these learning areas till fifth grade; Islamiat/ Ethics and morality, Urdu, English, Maths, Science, General Knowledge and Social Studies. The data were retrieved from the website of Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board. Obtained data was coded; basic themes were extracted & discussed.
 Findings: study demonstrated that many standards, benchmarks and student learning outcomes (SLOs) were attainable for students with visual challenges like regular students however several standards, benchmarks and student learning outcomes were found problematic for children having vision related disabilities because of their handicapping condition and unavailability of assistive technology in their educational institutions.
 Implications: Need based amendments maybe applied for visually challenged students particularly for the achievement of standards, benchmarks and students learning outcomes in geography, geometry, and sciences. Pictures, sketches and maps should be replaced by other productive activities for blind and low vision students.

Creating “Civic Sense”: Implementing Civic Engagement Courses in All Disciplines

Creating “Civic Sense”: Implementing Civic Engagement Courses in All Disciplines

The Economic Behavior Theory -The Nudge Theory : An Appraisal

The behavioral economics is making a significant impact on economic theory and economic policy. Behavioral economics with intuitive appeal, seeks to work with human limitations. Nudge theory becomes an important aspect to study about behavioral economics, political theory and behavioral sciences, as ways to influence the behavior and decision-making of groups or individuals. Nudge theory explains consumer behavior can be influenced by small suggestions and positive views. Nudges decrease low market performance, save the Government money, encourage the actions and help to increase the efficiency of resource use and their effect. Nudge helps to choose an option socially desirable beneficial for better public healthcare, civic sense and social harmony. Humans being need encouragement or intervention as nudge to do what is best for the country or society at large .

Heritage responsive city development in India post pandemic: A case of walled city of Jaipur

Indian heritage cities have evolved and undergone various planning interventions both in terms of theory and practice. Although, many cities are practicing the Heritage Management concept, are still lacking behind conserving urban heritage assets and managing their urban fabric. The heritage cities like Delhi, Varanasi, Agra, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Jaipur, are either inscribed or trying to get inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage Site to preserve their heritage assets; where the implications and repercussions of WHS, be it economic or social are often not thought about. In this Research, the Walled city of Jaipur is selected as a case study – is a “UNESCO inscribed WHS” after Ahmedabad. These cities are under tremendous pressure from modern development. Perhaps, how a city should function dwindles because its capacity to cater to a particular percentage of the population exceeds. The heritage cities witness the terrific problems of COVID-19 Pandemic due to the densely packed urban environment and poor infrastructure facilities, insufficient health and sanitation facilities, civic sense, the attitude of people towards serving the urban situation rising the spread of the contagious diseases. Such conditions prevailing in cities might trigger the epidemics to take place in the coming future. With the need to recognize such issues and challenges, the research thus focuses on developing planning measures for conserving the Heritage precincts post-pandemic. The study addresses to bring the historic structures back to its citizen and local requirements, characterizing the heritage city with the revised land-use plan. Furthermore, the outcome of this research is to assess the socio-economic impacts of WHS and Tourism post-pandemic by determining the issues and the challenges, cost-benefits analysis associated with the urban heritage.

Need to Broad-Base Higher Education

Establishment of human intellect and expertise necessitates wide scope of knowledge and understanding. Post qualification, many practical jobs wherein the required expertise includes social understanding and abilities which are not included in STEM subjects. Organization needs civic sense, team work, understanding, compassion and good communication. In reality, the market needs that the product of higher education being employed has these abilities so as to be able to get well within the organizational work forces.
 A well-developed human package is hardly complete without appropriate knowledge and insight of, for example, philosophy, anthropology, economics, law, psychology, belief system/religions, geography , history and politics, amongst others. Without these, the very purpose of one's role within an organization, and the society at large, remains very incomplete.
 Obtaining passing marks in merely a few science specific subjects as usually defined in narrowly defined curricular stop way short of meeting the market demands. Inclusion of some knowledge of social sciences, humanities and arts would help create higher educated people with better understanding of the human condition and the society. Better understanding is the essential prerequisite for being comfortable with oneself and one's society.
 
 On the same account, integrative education and research needs to be put in place to bridge knowledge, modes of inquiring and pedagogies from multiple disciplines, within every higher education program.

Wordsworth, Fox, and a Poet’s Public Spirit

Abstract Wordsworth’s major poetry—Lyrical Ballads (1798, 1800, 1802), The Prelude [1805], and Poems, in Two Volumes (1807)—has a rich critical heritage of political readings. This essay concerns itself with a similar but different theme: Wordsworth’s attitude towards a politician, and politicians generally, during his writing prime. From 1801 to 1806 Wordsworth corresponded with, met, and wrote poetry about the Whig statesman Charles James Fox, and in the same period he developed a civic sense of his own vocation. I argue that this engagement with Fox is an underappreciated source of what T. S. Eliot calls Wordsworth’s ‘public spirit’, a spirit which grew in conflict with the tendency of politicians in Britain and France to judge ‘men in bodies, and in classes, and accordingly to contemplate them in that relation’. The essay begins with an analysis of Wordsworth’s 1801 letter to Fox, before moving to consider Fox’s lukewarm reply and its basis in unpublished correspondence. It then explores the confident Miltonic poet who emerges in Wordsworth’s ‘Sonnets Dedicated to Liberty’, before finally considering accounts of the two men meeting in 1806, and the elegy Wordsworth wrote on Fox’s death in the same year. Attention to Wordsworth’s relationship with Fox allows focus to move away from how and why the poet’s politics changed in these five years, and on to his consistently held, revolutionary, and influential notion that poetry could provide an alternative means of animating politics.