Waste Management In City Research Articles

Turning Trash to Treasure: Unlocking Revenue and Clean Air from Kolkata's Dhapa Dumpsite

Solid waste generation has become a pressing environmental issue in India, exacerbated by rapid urbanization, industrialization, and population growth. Kolkata, as one of India's most populous cities, faces significant challenges in managing its solid waste effectively. This paper explores the state of solid waste generation in Kolkata, focusing on the Dhapa dumpsite, and proposes solutions to generate revenue from waste management activities. Kolkata generates approximately 4,500 metric tonnes of solid waste daily, comprising various types such as organic, plastic, paper, glass, and electronic waste. The city's waste management infrastructure struggles to cope with the escalating volume and complexity of waste generated. Legacy waste, accumulated over decades at sites like Dhapa landfill, poses additional challenges, including environmental degradation and health risks. Discussions on the efforts to address legacy waste through biomining and bioremediation techniques have been discussed. Landfill gas (LFG) extraction and utilization as well as possible opportunities for converting waste into energy, is also discussed. The economic feasibility of waste management initiatives at Dhapa depends on factors such as technological innovation, political will, and revenue generation from recovered materials. Public-private partnerships and incentivizing private sector involvement can enhance efficiency and innovation in waste management. Finally, addressing the economic dimensions of waste management in Kolkata requires a holistic approach integrating technological innovation, policy reform, and stakeholder engagement. By aligning economic incentives with environmental objectives, Kolkata can create a sustainable and prosperous future where waste is treated as a valuable resource.

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Sampah Tempat Sementara di Kota Kupang menggunakan Metode Topsis

Temporary waste management in the city of Kupang is an urgent problem to ensure a clean and healthy environment. Selecting the right location for a temporary waste bin is an important step in efficient waste management. In this context, Decision Support Systems (DSS) can provide valuable assistance in the decision-making process. This research proposes a Decision Support System for Selection of Temporary Waste Bins using the TOPSIS Method. The TOPSIS method (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is an effective method for overcoming multi-criteria decision-making problems. This system will integrate various factors such as distance to settlements, population density, accessibility, and other environmental factors to evaluate and select optimal temporary waste bins. This decision support system will provide stakeholders, including city governments, waste management authorities, and the community, with tools that can be used to make more informed decisions in determining the location of temporary waste bins. The results of the Decision Support System analysis will provide recommendations based on the level of preference for the specified criteria, enabling stakeholders to make more informed and sustainable decisions in city waste management. It is hoped that this research can help improve efficiency in temporary waste management in Kupang City and has the potential to become a model for other cities that face similar challenges in waste management.

The Processing of Household Waste by Residents of Griya Serpong Housing Complex, Serpong Sub-District, South Tangerang, Indonesia, in Compliance With Law Number 18 of 2008 and Law Number 32 of 2018

The Waste Management Law Number 18 of 2008 mandates waste management at various levels, including producers, communities, industrial areas, traditional markets, and malls. Local government administrations in regencies and cities need to create or revise regional regulations (Perda) and design a communal-based waste management masterplan. Until now, waste management has largely been centralized, with an open dumping system at the final disposal site, which ended in 2013. There are three forms of urban waste management: centralization, decentralization, and centralization-decentralization. An ideal waste management pattern is neither purely centralized nor decentralized, but rather a combination of both. Organic Waste Management Facilities (OWMF) are established at the source of dominant waste generation (initial stage), with a recycling system similar to City Waste Management Facilities (CWMF) to support and assist in marketing the products of the OWMF established by Joint Business Groups (KUB) formed by the community, known as the "self-sustaining concept." Addressing the waste problem requires an examination of the current waste management practices to identify areas where improvements and enhancements can be made, so that only waste that truly cannot be recycled ends up in the final disposal site, such as hazardous waste (B3) that is incinerated directly. This research aims to provide a solution to the waste disposal issue, which is largely centralized in Indonesia.

Strategies and perceptions towards flood control and waste management in Limbe city, Cameroon.

This is a transdisciplinary research which presents the constraints and challenges in waste generation and collection, its relationship with recurrent floods in Limbe city, and presents a way forward to improve on the situation using the BVT method.

Enhancing Smart City Waste Management through LBBOA based RIAN Classification

Effective trash management has become a top environmental priority, especially in urban areas with significant population growth where garbage output is on the rise. As cities work to manage garbage properly, innovative waste management programmes have the potential to increase effectiveness, cut costs, and improve the aesthetic appeal of public places. This article introduces SCM-RIAN, a powerful "Smart City Management and Classification System" built on the Internet of Things (IoT) and deep learning (DL) technologies. Convolutional neural networks are used in the garbage classification model that is implemented within this smart city management and classification framework. This system for classifying waste is intended to categorise rubbish into several classes at waste collection sites, encouraging recycling. The Rotation-Invariant Attention Network (RIAN) is a unique approach presented for the categorization process to address a prevalent problem in smart city management (SCM). A Centre Spectral Attention (CSpeA) module built within RIAN isolates spectral bands from other categories of pixels' influence, reducing redundancy. As an alternative to the conventional 3 3 convolution, to obtain rotation-invariant spectral-spatial data contained in SCM patches, the Rectified Spatial Attention (RSpaA) module is also introduced. The suggested RIAN for SCM classification is built on the integration of the CSpeA, 11 convolution, and RSpaA modules. The Ladybird Beetle Optimisation Algorithm (LBBOA) is used to optimise hyperparameters. With improved results compared to other current models, this suggested SCM-RIAN achieved 98.12% accuracy (ACC) with high sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPEC), and kappa index (KI) using the garbage classification dataset.

Building upcycling or building reconstruction? The ‘Global Benefit’ perspective to support investment decisions for sustainable cities

Investment decisions on demolition and reconstruction vs. refurbishment of the existing building stock can extend beyond financial and economic criteria. However, they must involve energy savings, environmental preservation, material consumption, and waste management for sustainable cities. The regulatory framework used in the past decades and the correlated research seem more unbalanced toward the containment of building energy consumption than toward embodied energy (EE) management in production processes and environmental impact management. Foreshadowing the perspective of a more restrictive regulatory framework on EE, such as prohibiting the displacement of materials with residual energy potential, such as waste in landfills, some challenging frontier issues are involved when facing the limits of the economic evaluation methodologies for transformation projects. Thus, this study aimed to propose a reasoning and an operative modality to support urban governance policies and investment decisions involving private and public subjects in the construction sector. Circular economy and life cycle thinking principles, through life cycle costing (LCC) and life cycle assessment (LCA), are assumed and harmonized with the discounted cash-flow analysis (DCFA): (1) monetizing and modeling into the DCFA the EE and the embodied carbon (EC); (2) internalizing the Global Cost and the new ‘Global Benefit’ into the net present value (NPV) calculation; and (3) focusing on the residual end-of-life value calculation from the early design and investment decision stages. The reasoning can be extended to single buildings, the urban scale, or even entire portions of existing buildings in urban areas concerning typological sub-segments. The operative modality is yet to be explored in a concrete application for orienting urban governance policies and sustainable public–private partnerships, including environmental and, thus, social externalities even in the private real estate investment decision process, in the scope of evolving regulations.

Garbage Collection Android Application

Abstract: The "Android Garbage Collection Application" stands as an innovative solution tailored for Android devices, with the objective of revolutionizing waste management in smart cities. Conventional waste collection methods frequently result in missed pickups, litter accumulation, and potential public health risks. This project harnesses seamless integration with Firebase to create a user-friendly Android app. It provides real-time notifications to residents as garbage collection trucks approach their locations. A central feature of this app is its live tracking system, enabling users to monitor the precise location of the garbage truck in real-time. Additionally, it offers estimated arrival times, effectively reducing waiting times for residents and optimizing the waste collection process. What truly sets this application apart is its focus on community engagement. By actively involving residents in the waste management process, it encourages shared responsibility and cooperation among city dwellers, fostering a cleaner environment and ensuring timely and efficient waste collection. Furthermore, this project serves as a testament to the transformative power of modern technology in enhancing traditional municipal services. It exemplifies how integrating cuttingedge technology can effectively address longstanding challenges and enhance the quality of life for residents in smart cities. The scalability and adaptability of this application make it a valuable asset for optimizing waste management in various urban settings. Its data analytics capabilities provide city officials with valuable insights, enabling more informed decision-making and a proactive approach to waste management.

Efficient solid waste inspection through drone‐based aerial imagery and TinyML vision model

AbstractSolid waste management is a significant challenge in the development of smart cities. Existing approaches for solid waste monitoring are often time‐consuming and resource intensive. Therefore, this study proposes a novel approach to solid waste monitoring that utilizes drone technology. The proposed method enables the efficient identification and classification of waste objects in the garbage discovered by the drone. This system can inspect every part of a smart city from a remote location, allowing for the timely and effective management of solid waste. Thus, the proposed system can be easily integrated in the existing waste management system for smart city. The drone‐based solid waste monitoring system comprises a drone equipped with a computer vision model for resource‐constrained devices and a software application that operates the drone and analyzes the captured image or video. The system utilizes the Internet of Things (IoT) to upload the collected data to the cloud, making it easily accessible whenever necessary. The proposed drone‐based solid waste monitoring system is a promising solution for the efficient and cost‐effective management of solid waste in smart cities. The system's innovative use of drone technology and IoT provides a scalable and adaptable solution that can be customized to meet the needs of any city.

A participatory waste policy reform for the hotel sector: evidence of a progressive Pay-As-You-Throw tariff

The hotel industry is increasingly developing voluntary measures to tackle waste generation, but they fall short of the problems faced by municipal waste services in many tourist destinations. This paper exemplifies how a collaboratively designed waste tariff reform for hotels in a tourism-intensive municipality can achieve a sustainable waste management system through stronger collective action, involving not only the hotel sector but also the city council and waste management companies. The co-created Pay-As-You-Throw tariff meets the demands of the stakeholders by establishing a progressive waste charge that penalizes hotels based on their waste generation intensity, defined as the ratio between waste flows and size. In addition, a competition system is introduced by imposing penalties (or rewards) according to whether the waste generation intensity is above (or below) the sector average during the settlement period, incentivizing waste prevention, recycling and encouraging long-term investment in sustainable waste management. The tariff is consistent with the principles of the EU’s Circular Economy Package and offers hotels a competitive advantage, while ensuring a progressive waste charging system and waste management cost recovery. Empirical results of the co-created tariff show a reduction in waste generation intensity and signs of increased recycling rates.

ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PADAT DI KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN

Waste management in South Tangerang City is carried out by the Environmental Waste Sector. Waste transportation is carried out by the Environmental Service and the appointed private sector. Waste transportation is carried out starting from the garbage source to the Temporary Disposal Site and the garbage is transported by garbage trucks to the Cipeucang Final Disposal Site. Waste transportation is carried out 2 rays / day where transportation using a cart from the garbage source to the TPS and / or TPS3R takes 280 minutes / rit and the cost of using a garbage truck from TPS and / or TPS3R takes 400 minutes / rit. But the problem that arises is that the waste generation in the community is not fully transported to the landfill. The purpose of this study was to determine the flow of waste management in South Tangerang City, and to find out the efforts made by the Environmental Agency in the Waste Sector to reduce the burden of waste at the Cipeucang Landfill. This research is classified into the type of qualitative descriptive research with a naturalistic approach method which describes in detail based on the facts that exist. The sampling technique is by using Purposive Sampling techniques. The conclusion of this research is that the waste management carried out by the South Tangerang City Environmental Agency is still not optimal, garbage transportation is still constrained by the large number of damaged garbage transport fleets, the absence of segregation of waste from garbage sources, and insufficient human resources or waste management officers in South Tangerang City.

Waste Management in the Smart City: Current Practices and Future Directions

The discourse surrounding sustainability, particularly in the urban environment, has gained considerable momentum in recent years. The concept of a smart city epitomises the integration of innovative technological solutions with community-centred approaches, thereby laying the groundwork for a sustainable lifestyle. One of the crucial components of this integration is the effective and innovative management of waste. The aim of this article was to classify scientific research pertaining to waste management within the context of smart city issues, and to identify emerging directions for future research. A systematic literature review, based on a bibliometric analysis of articles included in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, was conducted for this study. The purpose of such a systematic review is to identify, integrate, and evaluate research on a selected topic, using clearly defined criteria. The research query included: TITLE-ABS-KEY (“smart city” AND (waste OR garbage OR trash OR rubbish)) in the case of Scopus, and TS = (“smart city” AND (waste OR garbage OR trash OR rubbish)) in the case of the Web of Science database. A total of 1768 publication records qualified for the analysis. This study presents an investigation into the current and forthcoming directions of waste management in smart cities, synthesising the latest advancements and methods. The findings outline specific future research directions encompassing technological advancement, special waste challenges, digitisation, energy recovery, transportation, community engagement, policy development, security, novel frameworks, economic and environmental impact assessment, and global implications. These insights reflect a multifaceted approach, advocating a technology-driven perspective that is integral to urban sustainability and quality of life. The study’s findings provide practical avenues for cities to enhance waste management through modern technologies, promoting efficient systems and contributing to sustainable urban living and the circular economy. The insights are vital for policymakers and industry leaders globally, supporting the creation of universal standards and policies, thereby fostering comprehensive waste management systems aligned with global sustainability objectives.

A SWOT analysis for sustainable municipal solid waste management in Gurugram city, Haryana (India).

A SWOT analysis for sustainable municipal solid waste management in Gurugram city, Haryana (India).

Assessment of landfill site suitability using GIS, remote sensing, and the multi-criteria decision-making (AHP) approach, Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Solid waste management (SWM) in Ethiopian cities is a significant public health, economic, and environmental issue, with access to suitable disposal locations becoming challenging due to social, environmental, economic, and technical factors. This study aims to propose suitable landfill sites for Debrebirhan Town's solid waste disposal using an integrated survey mechanism, including geographical information system, remote sensing, and analytical hierarchy process (AHP), to address limiting factors. Economic, social, and environmental data were used for the suitable site selection. Satellite images were processed by ERDAS IMAGINE Software, and ArcGIS software was used to identify and map the potential landfill sites. The suitability map was produced by the combined effect of the weights of the criteria and the suitability of the factor maps. The result is summarized with four suitability levels labeled as highly suitable (23%), moderately suitable (51.75%), less suitable (0.25%), and unsuitable (25%). The most suitable landfill sites were found in three locations in the west, north-west, and north directions of Debrebirhan Town that fulfill the economic feasibility, environmental safety, and social acceptability requirements for solid waste disposal. The findings are relevant for governmental decision-making and policy framework implementation.

An assessment of the current situation and recommendation of management scenarios for municipal solid waste management in Ho Chi Minh city

Ho Chi Minh city (HCMC) is currently facing a critical problem of the uncontrollable municipal solid waste (MSW). The most common waste disposal practice in the city is landfilling, but this is not a sustainable solution. From 2010 to 2022, the amount of waste generated has increased annually, from 6,000 tons/day to 9,200 tons/day, with an average growth rate of 6-8% per year. This study calculated the average emission factor of various districts in the city such as districts 1, 3, etc. at 0.83 kg/capita/day and district Binh Chanh, Cu Chi, etc. at 0.73 kg/capita/day and forecasted that the amount of waste will reach approximately 16,100 tons/day by 2050. Currently, 80-90% of collected MSW is landfilled, while only 10% is recycled. Composting and energy recovery practices are rarely used. This paper reviewed the current solid waste practice in HCMC and proposed four management scenarios to develop a sustainable solid waste management system. The first scenario is landfilling, which involves non-segregated waste disposal at the source. The second scenario is recycling, which involves segregating waste at the source for recycling, reuse, and waste reduction. The third scenario is composting, which requires using a mechanical-biological treatment plant for sorting, composting, and producing fuel from waste. The fourth scenario is waste-to-energy, which uses a waste incineration plant to generate energy from waste.

Life cycle assessment of municipal solid waste management in Kathmandu city, Nepal – An impact of an incomplete data set

Few studies have been done about engineered facilities related to waste collection, treatment, and disposal in the waste management sectors across Nepal. The decision support system is not well established, resulting in poor planning and execution of waste management. Available data for performing a life cycle assessment (LCA) is limited. We used an LCA model to investigate waste management options for Nepal's capital, Kathmandu. We also tested the hypothesis that exclusion from the LCA model of variables for which there was no data would make no difference in the management rankings. The assessment was based on three scenarios: business as usual, including collection, transportation, and landfilling; recycling; and conjunctive disposal comprised of composting and landfilling. The LCA methodology we used includes detailed unit processes and quantified values of various resources and emissions to compute the impact level on the environment. The contribution of the collection, transportation, landfilling, and recycling was calculated as global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, and fuel energy consumption for each scenario. Scenario 3 ranked higher than scenarios 1 and 2 based on available data. The results were based on the environmental burden of metric tons of municipal solid waste handled at landfills, regardless of what was recycled and composted. Scenario 3 yielded minimum environmental impacts and was a cost-efficient option. Using a range of literature values for the missing variables, it was shown that the excluded variables made no difference in the scenario rankings. The study successfully employed the LCA as a decision-making tool in waste management in Kathmandu, which can be useful for other cities in developing countries.

Towards an Integrated Approach to Solid Waste Management in Ghanaian Cities

Solid Waste Management (SWM) in cities has become a theme of utmost importance in urban geographycompared to studies in rural areas which have smaller population sizes and limited consumption optionsthat are relatively more manageable. Existing studies reveal that integration of formal and informal SWMactors is the needed mechanism to overcome SWM challenges. Integration is also at the heart of the 2012Ghana National Urban Policy, yet urban spaces are zoned under public-private partnership (PPP)arrangement with private formal SWM actors. How to integrate the burgeoning numbers of privateinformal SWM service providers still remains unaddressed owing to a host of disparate institutional,political, and socio-economic factors. Using field-based data collected in three open-air markets in Accra,this paper examines the integration pathways used to include informal SWM actors in the context of PPPand thence argues for the need to rethink current SWM approaches in a participatory manner since mostGhanaian cities are facing limited financial and infrastructural resources, growing inequalities andincreasing informality regarding urban metabolism flow.

Quantification of environmental impacts associated with municipal solid waste management in Rajkot city, India using Life Cycle Assessment

Quantification of environmental impacts associated with municipal solid waste management in Rajkot city, India using Life Cycle Assessment

Improved Particle Swarm Optimization with Deep Learning-Based Municipal Solid Waste Management in Smart Cities

Objectives: The Internet of Things (IoT) framework is crucial for improving monitoring applications for smart cities and controlling municipal operations in real time. The most significant issue with applications to smart cities has been the handling of solid waste, which may have negative consequences on the health and well-being of people. Waste management has become a problem that developing and developed nations must face. The management of solid waste is a significant and exciting issue that affects habitats all around the world. Thus, it is necessary to create an efficient method to eliminate these issues or, at the very least, reduce them to a manageable level. Theoretical framework: This work proposed an Improved Particle Swarm Optimization with Deep Learning-based Municipal Solid Waste Management (IPSODL-MSWM) in smart cities. Methods: The IPSODL-MSWM approach aims to identify various types of solid waste materials and enable sustainable waste management. A Single Shot Detection (SSD) model enables efficient object detection in the IPSODL-MSWM paradigm. Then, feature vectors were generated using the MobileNetV2 model based on a deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). IPSO has been obtained by using a hybrid Genetic Algorithm (GA) and PSO algorithm. Results and Conclusion: The IPSODL method has been employed for automatic hyperparameter tuning since manual trial-and-error hyperparameter tuning is time-consuming. Implications of the research: The IPSODL-MSWM approach uses Support Vector Machine (SVM) for accurate municipal excess categorization in this work. This implies sustainable waste management model for better smart city development. Originality/value: With an optimal accuracy of 99.45%, many simulations show the IPSODL-MSWM model's enhanced capability for classification.

Medical waste management in Al-Kut City

This research investigates solid waste management in Al-Kut City. It included the collection of medical and general solid waste generated in five hospitals different in their specialization and capacity through one week, starting from 03/02/2012. Samples were collected and analyzed periodically to find their generation rate, composition, and physical properties. Analysis results indicated that generation rate ranged between (1102 – 212) kg / bed / day, moisture content and density were (19.0 % - 197 kg/ m3) respectively for medical waste and (41%-255 kg/ m3) respectively for general waste. Theoretically, medical solid waste generated in Al-Kut City (like any other city), affected by capacity, number of patients in a day, and hospital specialty The research exposed the incorrect ways used in collecting, storing, waste transport, and inefficient incinerators processing .Laboratory test for six ash collected samples indicated high concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr) , having the rang of (51.0 – 62.0) mg / l of lead, (3.0 – 8.5) mg / l for cadmium, and (43.0 -69.0) mg / l for chrome. In comparison with the US Environmental Protection Agency standards, these samples are higher than the recommended levels that may threat groundwater. A comprehensive and integrated solution there must be to manage medical waste, with the participation of all parties concerned, especially, the Ministry of Health, environment authorities concerned, and the participation of civil society organizations. A color-code trash bags and containers are recommended by the World Health Organization and the Environmental Protection Agency to be used in hospitals that propose red bags for collecting medical waste while black bags for general waste provided that they are resistant to tearing seeping and should be provided in sufficient numbers.

Smart Bin for Solid Waste Management in Cities

With the increase in population, the amount of waste generated has increased significantly worldwide and proper waste management has become inevitable. In majority of the cities, trash cans are over flowing due to untimely management of waste. An effective system is required to collect the waste from trash cans and prevent overflow. For cleaner environment and implementation of smart cities, it is essential to reduce overflowing litter cans by a monitoring system. The proposed system keeps track on trash cans and detects the level in it and updates it in a web page. The same could be viewed on a mobile app of the garbage collector and determine the shortest path by linking various routes of the almost full bins. Alerts are produced as in app-notifications for the user. The IoT based garbage monitoring system will enable to maintain a cleaner community.